经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在重症肺炎患者呼吸道管理中的效果探讨

目的 通过评估经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在肺部感染患者中的临床疗效,为肺部感染尤其是重症肺炎的患者呼吸道管理策略提供一定的参考依据。方法 2015年9月至2017年9月,采用方便抽样法选取收治于复旦大学附属华山医院感染科的375例肺部感染患者作为研究对象。依据入组时间将其分为对照组和观察组,对照组接受常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上根据病情接受经鼻高流量湿化氧疗。比较两组患者的气管插管例数及预后转归,并比较有无接受经鼻高流量湿化氧疗重症肺炎患者的预后情况。结果 两组患者住院期间插管率、出院后28 d内死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组入院时重症肺炎率大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组入院时重症肺炎患者出院后28 d内死亡率小于对照组(P<0.05);观察组接受HHFNC的重症肺炎患者治疗后的呼吸频率、心率、氧饱和度、氧分压均较治疗前有所改善(P<0.05)。结论 肺部感染患者例数增多且病情加重,经鼻高流量湿化氧疗能有效改善重症肺炎患者临床症状,值得临床推广使用。     

加温湿化高流量鼻导管氧疗和无创正压通气治疗急性Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的效果比较

目的比较加温湿化高流量鼻导管氧疗(HFNC)和无创呼吸机正压通气(NIPPV)治疗急性Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的效果。方法选择56例Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为HFNC组(n=28)和NIPPV组(n=28)。HFNC组采用加温湿化高流量鼻导管氧疗,NIPV组采用无创正压通气疗法。比较2组患者气管插管率、30 d死亡率、总住院时间、总氧疗时间等指标。结果HFNC组患者气管插管率、30 d死亡率、总住院时间显著低于、短于NIPPV组(P0.05);2组不带呼吸机时间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者应用加温湿化高流量鼻导管氧疗(HFNC)较无创呼吸机正压通气(NIPPV)可以降低气管插管率、30 d死亡率,缩短住院时间。     

高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗新生儿重症肺炎临床效果观察

观察高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗新生儿重症肺炎临床效果。选取我院收治的79例重症肺炎患儿,随机分组,对照组39例,观察组40例,对照组予以常规湿化吸氧治疗,观察组予以高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗,比较两组患儿心率恢复正常时间、三凹征消失时间、肺啰音消失时间、血氧分压(Pa O2)、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)及临床疗效。观察组心率恢复正常、三凹征消失及肺啰音消失时间均低于对照组,Pa O2高于对照组,Pa CO2低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组有效率为90.00%,高于对照组69.23%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗新生儿重症肺炎,疗效显著,可有效改善患儿血氧分压及二氧化碳分压,缩短心率恢复正常、三凹征消失及肺啰音消失时间。     

高流量湿化氧气治疗在建立人工气道患者脱机后的应用

目的观察建立人工气道的患者脱机后使用高流量湿化氧气治疗后的效果。方法选择28例建立人工气道脱机后的患者为实验组,采用高流量湿化氧气治疗进行气道湿化;同期27例建立人工气道脱机后的患者为对照组,采用湿化瓶鼻导管吸氧、定时间断气道湿化。结果实验组在痰液黏稠度、呼吸道刺激、肺部感染等方面低于对照组,气道湿化效果优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高流量湿化氧气治疗在建立人工气道脱机后的患者中湿化效果满意,肺部感染率较低,氧疗效果好。     

低流量鼻导管氧疗患者非湿化给氧的效果及舒适度观察

目的 比较采用非湿化给氧与普通气泡湿化给氧对低流量鼻导管氧疗患者氧疗舒适度及氧疗效果的影响.方法 将150例在呼吸科住院且接受低流量鼻导管氧疗的患者按照入院时间随机分为观察组72例和对照组78例,观察组患者用干燥的湿化瓶直接吸氧,对照组患者常规用无菌蒸馏水湿化吸氧,分别比较两组患者实施氧疗第3、第5天氧疗舒适度(氧气气味、氧气湿润度、鼻咽部感觉)及氧疗效果(咳嗽程度、咳痰难度、痰量、痰液性状及经皮血氧饱和度)的差异.结果 氧疗第3、第5天两组患者在氧疗舒适度和氧疗效果方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 采用非湿化给氧对低流量鼻导管氧疗患者的氧疗舒适度及氧疗效果不产生影响,且有利于降低吸氧患者医源性感染的发生率和减少护理工作量.     

经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗中老年重症顽固性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的疗效

目的研究分析经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗中老年重症顽固性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭的疗效及对患者生存质量的影响。方法选取本院接受诊治的100例重症顽固性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭中老年患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组、研究组,各50例。对照组患者接受经鼻持续正压通气疗法治疗,研究组患者接受经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗。比较2组患者治疗后临床症状消失时间、住院时间及治疗效果、生存质量。结果研究组患者发绀、肺部啰音、气促、三凹征消失时间及住院时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组治疗总有效率(92.0%)高于对照组的(74.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组患者社会关系、环境、心理、生理评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗治疗中老年重症顽固性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭效果显著,能有效缓解临床症状及体征,改善患者生存质量。     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在ICU慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用效果

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)在ICU慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,COPD)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2016年1月至2018年12月在该院ICU治疗的COPD的患者98例,氧疗方式为HFNC的患者为观察组(62例),普通氧疗方式的为对照组(36例)。对干预前后患者的呼吸功能及肺部感染情况进行监测并比较,采用圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)问卷综合评估患者的生活质量。结果干预后两组患者的心率、呼吸频率、PaCO₂、PaO₂、SpO₂以及CPIS评分与干预前比较均有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组的SGRQ评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用HFNC方式对ICU的COPD患者进行氧疗,不仅有效改善患者的肺功能和肺部感染情况,更有利于促进患者生活质量的改善。     

有创-无创序贯通气撤机后高流量湿化氧疗对重症肺炎患者呼吸功能的保护作用

目的 探讨有创-无创序贯通气撤机后高流量湿化氧疗对重症肺炎患者呼吸功能的保护作用。方法 选取2017年1月～2019年10月我院收治的重症肺炎患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组各32例。两组患者均接受气管插管有创机械通气治疗,采用有创-无创序贯通气方式撤机。在此基础上,观察组给予经鼻高流量湿化氧疗,持续3天。比较两组的血气指标、呼吸频率、痰液黏稠度变化情况。结果 治疗后,观察组PaO2和SaO2水平均高于对照组,PaCO2水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组呼吸频率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组痰液黏稠度轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 重症肺炎患者在有创-无创序贯通气撤机后,配合高流量湿化氧疗能有效改善氧合,减轻痰液黏稠,保护患者呼吸功能,值得临床推广。     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗系统对急性脑外伤术后气管插管拔管后再插管率的影响

目的观察经鼻高流量湿化氧疗系统对急性脑外伤术后患者气管插管拔管后再插管率的影响。方法选择急性脑外伤手术后撤离呼吸机拔除气管导管的患者68例,按随机数字表分为对照组和观察组各34例,对照组患者在脱机拔管后采用常规面罩吸氧方式,观察组采用经鼻高流量湿化氧疗系统;比较两组患者的RR、SpO_2、PaO_2、PaCO_2等指标及再插管率。结果两组患者脱机拔管接受氧疗后不同时间RR、SpO_2、PaO_2、PaCO_2比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);观察组的再插管率0%(0/34),对照组为8.82%(3/34),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于急性脑外伤术后气管插管脱机拔管后的氧疗,经鼻高流量湿化氧疗系统相比于传统的面罩氧疗效果更佳,在一定程度上能降低再插管率。     

高流量湿化氧疗在重症肺炎患者脱机后的应用

目的探讨新型高流量湿化氧疗在重症肺炎患者脱机后的疗效。方法将154例重症肺炎患者随机分成对照组与实验组,每组77例,在加温湿化氧气方面,对照组选择常规氧气雾化面罩湿化气道,实验组经鼻选择高流量湿化氧疗。经过24 h氧疗处理,分别对两组相关指标进行监测比较,包括呼吸频率、心率、痰液黏稠度、气道高反应、舒适度与咳痰困难程度。结果重症肺炎患者选择新型高流量湿化氧疗途径能够起到更好的疗效,两组呼吸频率、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、动脉氧分压(Pa O2)、痰液黏稠度、气道高反应、舒适度与咳痰困难程度各项指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新型高流量湿化氧疗能够提高重症肺炎患者疗效,增强其舒适度,有助于患者呼吸机能的改善。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.