小型节能头灯的制做与应用

医院(特别是儿童医院)在日常的诊断和治疗护理工作中,需要在小局部范围、短时间光源照明.目前市场上各种医用头灯存在着价格昂贵,使用不方便;我院医护人员在加05年10月至2007年3月使用我院自行研制的节能头灯,采用现代电子技术,在夜间给病人注射、换药和其他治疗以及查房巡视等小范围用光场合,取得了良好的效果.     

Long-term clinical performance of flapless implant surgery compared to the conventional approach with flap elevation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The conventional implant approach involves flap elevation,which may result in increased soft tissue and bone loss and postoperative morbidity.The flapless surgical technique,aided by three-dimensional medical imaging equipment,is regarded as a possible alternative to the conventional approach to alleviate the above issues.Several studies have been performed regarding the role of flapless implant surgery.However,the results are inconsistent and there is no robust synthesis of long-term evidence to better inform surgeons regarding which type of surgical technique is more beneficial to the long-term prognosis of patients in need of implant insertion.AIM To compare the long-term clinical performance after flapless implant surgery to that after the conventional approach with flap elevation.METHODS PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and grey literature databases were searched from inception to 23 September 2019.Randomised controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies comparing the long-term clinical performance after flapless implant surgery to that after the conventional approach over a follow-up of three years or more were included.Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)or mean differences(MDs)and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)between the long-term implant survival rate,marginal bone loss,and complication rate of the flapless and conventional groups.Subgroup analyses were carried out to account for the possible effects of the guided or free-hand method during flapless surgery.RESULTS Ten articles,including four RCTs and six cohort studies,satisfied the eligibility criteria and nine of them were included in the meta-analysis.There was no significant difference between the long-term implant survival rate[OR=1.30,95%CI(0.37,4.54),P=0.68],marginal bone loss[MD=0.01,95%CI(-0.42,0.44),P=0.97],and complication rate[OR=1.44,95%CI(0.77,2.68),P=0.25]after flapless implant surgery and the conventional approach.Moreover,subgroup analyses revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the implant survival rate[guided:OR=1.52,95%CI(0.19,12.35),P=0.70];free-hand:n=1,could not be estimated,marginal bone loss[guided:MD=0.22,95%CI(-0.14,0.59),P=0.23;free-hand:MD=-0.27,95%CI(-1.10,0.57),P=0.53],or complication rate[guided:OR=1.16,95%CI(0.52,2.63),P=0.71;free-hand:OR=1.75,95%CI(0.66,4.63),P=0.26]in the flapless and conventional groups either with use of the surgical guide or by the free-hand method.CONCLUSION The flapless surgery and conventional approach had comparable clinical performance over three years or more.The guided or free-hand technique does not significantly affect the long-term outcomes of flapless surgery.     

Cervicogenic exophthalmos: Possible etiology and pathogenesis

BACKGROUND Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection,metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos improved spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2-with no relapse, without any further medication, as of seven years. We have named this condition "cervicogenic exophthalmos."CONCLUSION We would inform other clinicians that unilateral exophthalmos was caused not only by inflammation, vascular disorder, infection, neoplasm, or metabolic disease, but also by reflex sympathetic dystrophy related with cervicogenic spondylosis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first related case report and use of the term "cervicogenic exophthalmos" after reviewing previous literature.     

Photodynamic therapy as salvage therapy for residual microscopic cancer after ultra-low anterior resection: A case report

BACKGROUND The rate of positive resection margins(R1) in patients with low rectal cancer is substantial. Recommended remedies such as extended resection or chemoradiotherapy have their own serious drawbacks. It has been reported that photodynamic therapy(PDT) as a remedial treatment for esophageal cancer.Colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer has many similarities,however,PDT as a salvage therapy for rectal cancer is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we describe a 56-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to a 6-mo history of hemafecia,which had been aggravated for 1 mo. Colonoscopy revealed a 3 × 4 cm ulcerated mass in the rectum 4 cm from the anus.Preoperative pathological examination showed villous adenoma,moderate-tohigh-grade dysplasia,good differentiation,and invasion of the mucosal muscle.The patient had R1 after ultra-low anterior resection,but he refused extended resection and experienced severe liver function impairment after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Ultimately,the patient underwent PDT to remove R1. After five years of follow-up,there was no liver function impairment,recurrence,metastasis,sexual dysfunction,or abnormal defecation function.CONCLUSION This is the first case worldwide in which R1 of rectal cancer were successfully treated by PDT.     

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.     

世界疼痛日——中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会隆重召开中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会胜利闭幕

世界疼痛日中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会、中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会于2007年10月12～16日在北京九华山庄隆重举行.全国人大副委员长中科院韩启德院士、原全国人大副委员长中科院吴阶平院士、卫生部陈啸宏副部长、卫生部医政司王羽司长、卫生部科教司刘雁飞司长、中华医学会吴明江常务副会长、原卫生部副部长中国医师协会殷大奎会长及有关方面的领导、专家及参加大会的疼痛医学专家代表约五百人参加了新闻发布会.     

读片窗及答案

病例 男,62岁.以"发现尿黄5天"为主诉入院.无发热、恶心及厌食等伴随症状.查体:血压150/100mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,腹软无压痛,肝区无叩击痛,肝肋下未触及.实验室检查:血WBC 13.1×109/L,EO 5.2×109/L,占39.7%.TBIL 36.6μmol/L,DBIL 21.5μmol/L,UDBIL 15.1μmol/L.ALT 88U/L,GGT 201U/L.AFP及CEA阴性.HBsAb阳性,其余4项均阴性.     

结合中医理论对上呼吸道感染的护理

上呼吸道感染一年四季均可发病,但以冬春季节为多.此类病人病程一般在10 d以上,易反复,有的甚至迁延不愈达1个月以上,造成门诊输液量增加、交叉感染机会增多,在医治过程中医护人员也易感染.此病虽然不像癌症使人恐惧,但它的发病率高,有的1年内可发病3次～5次,给身体和生活造成很大的不便.此类病人的症状为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、乏力、全身不适等,护理一般采取对症施护:休息、保持室内空气清新、多饮水、清淡饮食等,而应用中医理论施护则更具体、更有效,对于疾病的痊愈会有极大的促进作用.     

伸缩式垂直升降护理机的适用性探讨

昏迷病人、截瘫病人、慢性消耗性疾病及脑卒中后遗症病人常伴有肢体瘫痪而长期卧床,生活不能自理,大小便失禁,易发生压疮,给病人带来极大痛苦,给家属带来繁重的负担[1].为解决这一难题,人们研究了一些护理器械,如"升降护理装置",这种护理装置由铁床、软布带、支架杆、绑绳钢筋、软网布、定滑轮组件、动滑轮组件、万向节连接件和钢丝绳组成.     

Sustained complete response to erlotinib in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck:A case report

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck(SCCHN) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling has been shown to be a critical component of therapeutic option. Herein, we report a case of durable complete response to erlotinib.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old Caucasian male who presented with metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of right cervical lymph nodes(levels 2 and 3). Imaging studies including(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT) and contrast-enhanced CT scan of neck and chest did not reveal any other disease elsewhere. Panendoscopic examination with random biopsy did not reveal malignant lesion in nasopharynx,oropharynx, and larynx. He underwent modified neck dissection and postoperative radiation. Within 2 mo after completion of radiation, he developed local recurrence at right neck, which was surgically removed. Two mo after the salvage surgery, he developed a second recurrence at right neck. Due to suboptimal performance status and his preference, he started erlotinib treatment.He achieved partial response after first 2 mo of erlotinib treatment, then complete response after total 6 mo of erlotinib treatment. He developed sever skin rash and diarrhea including Clostridium difficile infection during the course of erlotinib treatment requiring dose reduction and eventual discontinuation. He remained in complete remission for more than two years after discontinuation of erlotinib.CONCLUSION We report a case of metastatic SCCHN achieving durable complete response from erlotinib. Patient experienced skin rash and diarrhea toxicities which were likely predictors of his treatment response.     

低张充水法螺旋CT扫描在食管、胃、结肠肿瘤中的临床应用

目的：为提高食管、胃、结肠癌的检出率,探讨食管癌、胃癌、结肠癌的ＣＴ检查方法。材料和方法：８０例消化管肿瘤（其中食管癌５例,贲门癌１９例,胃癌３４例,结肠癌２２例）,均经手术和病理证实。采用低张充水法行螺旋扫描及多体位扫描。结果：低张充水法可清楚地显示增厚的管壁和狭窄的管腔,有利于较早期病变的检出,增强后扫描有利于显示肿瘤向管壁侵犯的深度,以及向管壁外蔓延的范围,而多体位扫描则更有利于病变全貌的显     

子宫内膜癌腹膜后盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素分析

[目的]探讨子宫内膜癌患者腹膜后盆腔淋巴结转移的相关因素.[方法]选取43例于2000年1月至2001年8月行广泛性子宫加双附件切除加腹膜后盆腔淋巴结清扫的子宫内膜癌患者,分析腹膜后盆腔淋巴结(retroperitoneal lymph node,RLN)转移与临床病理和5年生存率的关系.[结果]RLN转移在病理分级,肌层浸润深度,宫颈浸润深度和宫旁血管浸润组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);在腹腔冲洗液细胞学阴性组和阳性组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05);5年生存率在病理分级,肌层浸润深度,腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查,RLN转移和宫旁血管浸润组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);宫颈浸润深度不同组间5年生存率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).[结论]RLN转移与病理分级,肌层浸润深度,宫颈浸润和宫旁血管浸润有关;5年生存率与病理分级,肌层浸润深度,腹腔冲洗液细胞学阳性,RLN转移和宫旁血管浸润有关.     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术在下咽癌及喉癌术前评估中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）各种后处理技术在下咽癌和喉癌术前评估中的价值。方法收集45例手术病理证实的下咽癌及喉癌病例,术前行16层螺旋CT检查,并行矢、冠状位多平面重建（MPR）、仿真内镜（CTVE）、表面遮盖显示（SSD）及透明重建（Raysum）等后处理技术,综合对喉癌术前分期进行评估,并与手术病理进行对照。结果16层螺旋CT术前对下咽癌及喉癌TNM分期与临床最终手术病理结果对照,其中T1期符合率为81.2%,T2期为88.9%,T3期为84.6%,T4期为75.0%。总体分期符合率为84.4%。结论下咽癌及喉癌术前MSCT各种后处理技术的综合应用,可明确肿瘤的范围、周围组织受侵及颈部淋巴结转移情况,在下咽癌及喉癌术前评估中具有很高的实用价值。     

Hepatic mesenchymal sarcoma: MRI findings

Hepatic undifferentiated mesenchymal sarcoma is a rare pediatric malignant neoplasm. We present three children, aged 7, 8, and 12 years, with this tumor. Clinical presentation was abdominal pain, palpable mass, asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss. One had jaundice. All three lesions were detected on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI localized the lesions more accurately than the other methods, with good resectability correlation. On MRI, these tumors were markedly hyperintense on long TR/TE spin-echo (SE) and short-time inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. This was due to the cystic areas with myxoid material and necrosis. The internal septations were hypointense on these sequences. On short TR/TE SE sequences the lesions presented a fibrous pseudocapsule (two cases), and internal hyperintense areas representing hemorrhage (two cases). MRI also detected vascular invasion (one case), biliary obstruction (one case), and biliar adenopathies (one case). The combination of hemorrhage (hyperintense on short TR/TE SE) and cystic or myxoid components (markedly hyperintense on long TR/TE SE and STIR sequences) is common in this tumor.     

超声造影在鉴别诊断腹部良恶性占位病变中的应用价值

目的探讨实时超声造影对腹部良恶性占位病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法对250例腹腔脏器占位性病变进行实时超声造影研究,其中包括肝脏良恶性肿瘤196例,胆囊癌及胆囊良性病变39例,胰腺良恶性病变15例,所有病例均经过手术或其他影像学检查方法证实。结果造影剂Sono Vue2.4ml静脉注射后,肝癌动脉相表现为整体快速增强,并在门脉相快速消退,在实质相显示为低回声;血管瘤呈周围向心性环状或结节状增强,门脉相及实质相进一步增强,持续较长时间;局灶性结节增生表现为中央扩散型快速整体增强,部分病例显示为车轮状;肝硬化增生结节的造影增强特征与肝实质一致;胆囊癌快速不均匀增强,胆囊壁连续性中断,胆囊良性病变及慢性胆囊炎胆囊壁连续;胰腺癌造影剂快速进入,消退时间早于胰腺实质,胰腺炎性肿块造影后回声与胰腺一致,或造影剂不进入。结论实时超声造影能显示肿瘤内微小血管的血流灌注情况,对腹部良恶性占位病变的定性诊断具有重要的意义。     

消化系统多原发癌临床分析

目的：探讨消化系统多原发癌的临床特点，诊治原则及预后。方法：回顾性分析本院1992年1月--2001年12月10年间经术后病理证实的消化系统多原发癌。结果：经计算机病案管理系统检索出39例消化系统多原发癌，其中双原发癌37例，三原发癌2例；同时癌20例，异时癌19例；累及病灶数以结肠、胃居多，占48．8％；消化系统多原发癌的术前漏诊30％；异时癌3年以内发生为68．4％；5年生存率33．3％，均为异时性结肠多原发癌。结论：消化系统多原发癌多发于结肠，异时癌的第二癌多发生于第一癌治疗后的1．3年内；消化系统多原发癌术前漏诊率高，应行综合性诊断方法；异时性结肠多原发癌患的预后较好。     

北京部分地区直肠癌与结肠癌、左侧与右侧结肠癌、青年与老年大肠癌的对比研究

目的初步探讨北京部分地区的直肠癌与结肠癌、左侧与右侧结肠癌、青年与老年性大肠癌的临床及病理特征的区别。方法回顾性调查首都医科大学宣武医院2002年9月至2012年9月行结肠镜检查并经病理组织学证实且随访资料完整的北京部分地区880例大肠癌患者,分析其直肠癌与结肠癌、左侧与右侧结肠癌、青年与老年大肠癌患者的临床及病理特征的差异。结果直肠癌与结肠癌患者在出现症状时间、肿瘤直径、Dukes分期、组织分化程度、手术性质方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;左侧与右侧结肠癌患者在肿瘤直径、组织分化程度方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;青年与老年大肠癌患者在Dukes分期、组织分化程度、是否化疗方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论直肠癌与结肠癌、左侧与右侧结肠癌、青年与老年大肠癌有其各自的发病特点,准确了解其临床特征并早期诊断及治疗是对大肠癌诊治的关键。     

Intraoperative sonography of hepatocellular carcinoma: Detection of lesions and validity in surgical resection

Eighty-six hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 67 patients were examined by intraoperative sonography. Sensitivity for detecting tumors with intraoperative sonography was compared with sonography, computed tomography (CT), hepatic angiography, and CT after intraarterial injection of iodized poppy-seed oil (Lipiodol-CT). The overall sensitivities were 76% with sonography, 86% with CT, 89% with angiography, 96% with Lipiodol-CT, and 98% with intraoperative sonography. The differences in sensitivity between intraoperative sonography and sonography (p < 0.01), CT (p < 0.01), and angiography (p < 0.05) were significant. In 35 lesions smaller than 2 cm, the sensitivities of Lipiodol-CT and intraoperative sonography were high (91 and 94%, respectively). In operating field, tumors were invisible in 36 (42%) and nonpalpable in 31 of 86 cases (36%). In 35 tumors smaller than 2 cm, invisible tumors were 66% and nonpalpable tumors were 63%. However, 84 of 86 cases (98%) could be localized with intraoperative sonography.These results suggest that intraoperative sonography is the final diagnostic imaging procedure before surgical resection of tumors and in cases of invisible and nonpalpable tumors in the operating field, this procedure is mandatory to improve surgical results.     

食管间质瘤与胃间质瘤的临床特点及内镜治疗

目的：探讨食管间质瘤和胃间质瘤的临床特点及内镜下治疗。方法回顾性分析经本院内镜治疗的30例食管间质瘤和146例胃间质瘤的临床资料。分析患者的基本情况、病变部位及起源、免疫组织化学特征、治疗情况以及术后随访结果。结果食管间质瘤30例,男22例,女8例。病变多位于食管下段,63.3%病变起源于固有肌层。胃间质瘤146例,男41例,女105例。病变多位于胃底部,98.0%病变起源于固有肌层。免疫组织化学检查示食管间质瘤 CD117,CD34,SMA,desmin 阳性率分别为93.3%,93.3%,73.3%,73.3%;胃间质瘤 CD117,CD34,SMA,desmin阳性率分别为94.5%,88.4%,21.9%,19.2%。22例食管间质瘤行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),8例行内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER),病灶均一次性完整切除,1例患者 ESD 术中发生穿孔。145例胃间质瘤行 ESD,1例行内镜下氩离子凝固术(APC),一次性完整切除率95.2%,术中穿孔39例,出血1例。所有穿孔及出血患者均经内镜下修复。术后随访3~50个月未发现肿瘤残留和复发。结论胃肠道间质瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,但食管间质瘤和胃间质瘤在肿瘤位置分布和起源、免疫组织化学方面各具特点,内镜下微创技术已发展为治疗胃肠道间质瘤新的手段之一。