早期或晚期手术治疗多发肋骨骨折的效果及并发症观察

目的探讨早期或晚期手术治疗多发肋骨骨折的效果及对并发症的影响。方法我院骨科收治的102例多发肋骨骨折患者,根据手术时机的不同分为早期手术组53例和晚期手术组49例,早期手术组为受伤72 h内接受手术治疗,晚期手术组为受伤72 h后接受手术治疗;比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、下床活动时间及住院时间;两组手术前后肺功能及血气分析指标,术后3个月肋骨骨折愈合情况,康复期间出现的并发症总发生率。结果两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),早期手术组术中出血量及术后引流量低于晚期手术组,下床活动时间及住院时间短于晚期手术组(P<0.05)。早期手术组术后用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)/FVC(FEV1%)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)及血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血氧分压(PaO2)水平高于晚期手术组,血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)水平低于晚期手术组(P<0.05)。早期手术组骨折愈合率高于晚期手术组,并发症总发生率低于晚期手术组(P<0.05)。结论早期手术治疗多发肋骨骨折能够显著提高骨折愈合率,减少术中出血量、术后引流量、下床活动及住院时间,有利于肺功能和血气水平的恢复,并发症较少。     

Patient perceptions of quality of life after coronary artery surgery: Was it worth it?

Quality of life and perceptions of the consequences of surgery were examined in 155 individuals having coronary bypass surgery. One year after surgery, subjects believing surgery was worth it because of functional improvement (n = 64) had more positive scores on subjective indicators of life satisfaction and mood than those believing surgery was worth it because it saved them from death (n = 62) or those who were not sure surgery was worth it (n = 23). Differences in perceptions of quality of life between the two groups who believed surgery was worth it are discussed in terms of focus of attention. Individuals who perceive improved functional ability may focus on concrete outcomes of surgery, whereas those who interpret the benefit of surgery in light of the alternative of death may focus their attention on affective aspects of recovery. Findings emphasize the need for using a multidimensional approach to studying quality of life.     

血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白检测在急性肾功能损伤早期诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)检测在急性肾功能损伤(AKI)早期诊断中的意义。方法收集无慢性肾病的重症监护病房(ICU)、冠心病监护病房(CCU)患者60例,分别在其术前及术后6、12、48 h采集血样,其中27例发生AKI(AKI组),以其余33例未发生AKI(无AKI组)。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清NGAL浓度,碱性苦味酸法检测血清肌酐(SCr)浓度,胶乳增强免疫浊度法检测血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)浓度。以48 h内SCr高于基础水平50%作为AKI的诊断标准,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估NGAL在AKI早期诊断中的效力。结果与术前比较,AKI组术后6、12、48 h的血清NGAL明显升高,Cys C在术后12、48 h明显升高,而SCr在术后48 h才显著升高。无AKI组术前与术后6、12、48 h的NGAL、SCr、Cys C浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6、12、48 h血清NGAL的ROC曲线下面积为0.51[95%可信区间(CI):0.25～0.78]、0.80(95%CI:0.58～0.95)、0.85(95%CI:0.61～0.99)。结论血清NGAL在术后6 h上升,术后12 h即能较好地预测AKI,其预测AKI时间早于Cys C和SCr。血清NGAL可能在AKI早期诊断中有良好的应用价值。     

Online Information About the Effectiveness of Shoulder Surgery Is Not Based on the Best Available Evidence: A Content Analysis

ObjectiveTo summarize the proportion of consumer webpages on subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery that make an accurate portrayal of the evidence for these operations (primary outcome), mention the benefits and harms of surgery, outline alternatives to surgery, and make various surgical recommendations.DesignContent analysis.SettingOnline consumer information about subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery. Webpages were identified through (1) Google searches using terms synonymous with “shoulder pain” and “shoulder surgery” and searching “orthopedic surgeon” linked to each Australian capital city and (2) websites of relevant professional associations (eg, Australian Orthopaedic Association). Two reviewers independently identified webpages and extracted data.ParticipantsNot applicable.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresWhether the webpage made an accurate portrayal of the evidence for subacromial decompression or rotator cuff repair surgery (primary outcome), mentioned benefits and harms of surgery, outlined alternatives to surgery, and made various surgical recommendations (eg, delay surgery). Outcome data were summarized using counts and percentages.ResultsA total of 155 webpages were analyzed (n=89 on subacromial decompression, n=90 on rotator cuff repair, n=24 on both). Only 18% (n=16) and 4% (n=4) of webpages made an accurate portrayal of the evidence for subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery, respectively. For subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair, respectively, 85% (n=76) and 80% (n=72) of webpages mentioned benefits, 38% (n=34) and 47% (n=42) mentioned harms, 94% (n=84) and 92% (n=83) provided alternatives to surgery, and 63% (n=56) and 62% (n=56) recommended delayed surgery (the most common recommendation).ConclusionsMost online information about subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery does not accurately portray the best available evidence for surgery and may be inadequate to inform patient decision making.     

用血量大于等于20 U患者围术期血液管理

  目的  探讨手术相关用血量大于等于20 U患者围术期血液管理特点。  方法  收集并分析北京协和医院2015年度用血量大于等于20 U手术患者的围术期资料, 比较未经历非计划二次手术和经历非计划二次手术患者的相关信息。  结果  共36例患者纳入研究, 经历非计划二次手术患者(n=12)初次择期手术中失血量明显低于未经历非计划二次手术患者(n=24), 分别为1300和3000 ml(P < 0.05);但非计划二次手术相较于其初次择期手术美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anaesthesiology, ASA)分级明显增高, Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级分别为0、0、4、8、0例和2、9、1、0、0例; 术中出血量(分别为2250和1050 ml)和输血量(红细胞分别为8和1 U, 血浆分别为400和100 ml)亦均明显增加(P均 < 0.05)。36例患者中18例并发术前贫血。  结论  对于手术难度大、风险高的患者, 在充分评估术中出血风险的基础上, 采取个体化治疗方案, 纠正术前贫血, 术中严密止血, 加强围术期凝血功能检测, 可降低非计划二次手术的发生率, 改善患者结局。     

Involvement of presurgical pain in preemptive analgesia for orthopedic surgery: a randomized double blind study

Preemptive analgesia (PA) is effective in animal models but its clinical effectiveness remains controversial. We examined the effect of preexisting pain on PA. Subjects were recruited from patients needing orthopedic surgery. Some had presurgical pain (fracture surgery and arthritic surgery), while others had no presurgical pain (removal surgery for a tumor, nail or plate). Epidural morphine or a saline control was given preemptively before surgery and maintained until skin closure. Following skin closure, naloxone or placebo was injected intravenously to erase the aftereffects of the morphine. After total recovery, the PCA pump was set to inject epidural morphine. Pain intensity after surgery was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the amount of morphine used within 48h after surgery. PA was significantly effective for removal surgery, but ineffective for fracture or arthritic surgery. For the fracture and arthritic surgery PA treatment groups, there was a significant correlation between pre- and postsurgical (6h) spontaneous pain, while the corresponding control groups showed no significant correlation. Postsurgical VAS values in the fracture and arthritic surgery control groups increased significantly compared with presurgical VAS values. PA was effective when presurgical pain was absent, but ineffective when presurgical pain was present. We propose that central sensitization is already established by presurgical pain, and preserved until the termination of surgery. The ineffectiveness of PA did not depend on whether the pain was acute (fracture surgery) or chronic (arthritic surgery).     

子宫内膜息肉患者宫腔镜术后应用左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统或炔雌醇环丙孕酮的临床效果及对病情复发的影响

目的探讨子宫内膜息肉患者宫腔镜术后应用左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统或炔雌醇环丙孕酮的临床效果及对病情复发的影响。方法选取2017年1月—2018年1月收治的择期行宫腔镜手术治疗的子宫内膜息肉80例,按照术后治疗方式的不同,分为观察组与对照组,每组各40例。观察组术后宫底部放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统,对照组术后口服炔雌醇环丙3个疗程。比较术前及术后3、6、12个月的子宫内膜厚度,观察术前、术后12个月的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)表达情况,采用月经失血图(pictorial blood loss assessment chart,PBAC)评分评定术前及术后3、6、12个月的月经恢复情况,记录术后6、12个月病情复发情况,观察不良反应发生情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组术后3、6、12个月子宫内膜厚度降低,术后3个月PBAC评分升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,观察组术后12个月ER阳性率降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与本组术前比较,两组术后12个月ER阳性率显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组术后12个月的病情复发率及病情总复发率均低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.556)。结论子宫内膜息肉患者术后应用左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统的临床疗效及预防病情复发的效果均优于炔雌醇环丙孕酮,同时可降低子宫内膜厚度,促进月经恢复。     

Impact of surgical trauma on human skeletal muscle protein synthesis

Muscle protein catabolism is a considerable clinical problem following surgery. However, the impact of surgical trauma on muscle protein synthesis is not well characterized. In this pilot study, we therefore investigated whether the severity of surgical trauma is related to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis rate in humans. Metabolically healthy patients (n=28) were included in the study. Eight of the patients were day-care patients undergoing minor breast surgery (defined as minor surgery). The other 20 patients were subjected to major abdominal surgery and were therefore scheduled to stay overnight in the recovery room during the first postoperative night (defined as major surgery). Protein FSRs (fractional synthesis rates) in skeletal muscle were determined during a measurement period of 90 min before surgery and immediately after termination of surgery. FSR in skeletal muscle of the minor surgery patients was 1.72+/-0.25%/24 h before surgery and 1.67+/-0.29%/24 h after surgery (P=0.68). In the major surgery group, FSR was 1.62+/-0.30%/24 h before surgery and 1.57+/-0.40%/24 h (P=0.59) immediately following surgery. The observations made in this pilot study could not confirm a size-related decrease in muscle protein synthesis immediately following minor and major surgery. This finding is discussed in relation to confounders, postoperative course and to muscle protein degradation. The shortage of knowledge in this field is emphasized.     

理筋手法结合运动疗法早期介入对腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疗效的影响

目的探讨理筋手法结合运动疗法早期介入对腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)术后患者功能恢复的影响并评价其疗效。方法将44 例LDH患者分为干预组(n=20)和对照组(n=24),在术前、术后2 周及术后3 个月分别对腰、臀、下肢疼痛情况及功能改善情况用JOA评分系统、Oswestry 功能障碍指数(ODI)和肌电图(腓总神经)进行评价。结果干预组术后2 周和3 个月JOA评分、ODI 评分均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组腓总神经在潜伏时、传导速度、波幅方面无显著性差异(P>0.05),但两组术后运动传导速度均有恢复的趋势,且干预组趋势较对照组更明显。结论理筋手法结合运动疗法干预早期介入对LDH术后患者近期和远期的功能恢复、术后残留症状的消除均有积极作用,而且对促进神经功能的早期恢复也有积极意义。     

药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉原位病变的有效性及安全性

目的 观察药物涂层球囊介入治疗对冠状动脉原位病变患者术后MACE事件发生的影响。方法 选择于2021年2月至2022年6月就诊且需进行介入治疗的冠状动脉原位病变的85例患者,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。其中40例观察组患者接受药物涂层球囊介入治疗,45例对照组患者接受药物洗脱支架介入治疗。分别在术前及术后不同时间检测管腔直径。比较两组手术即刻成功率、术中并发症发生情况;比较两组患者术前、术后即刻、术后6个月最小管腔直径（MLD）和管腔狭窄程度;评估两组术后6个月时晚期管腔丢失（LLL）;观察两组术后6个月内不良心血管事件（MACE）和靶血管病变处再狭窄情况。结果 观察组即刻手术成功率为95.00%,对照组即刻手术成功率为97.78%,两组即刻手术成功率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者术中并发症发生差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组MLD术后即刻与术后6个月均低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组管腔狭窄程度术后即刻均高于对照组（P<0.05）,而术后6个月与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组管腔再狭窄小于对照组,累计MACE发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 药物涂层球囊介入治疗即刻成功率较高,明显改善动脉血管狭窄情况,安全性较好。     

输卵管妊娠的临床诊治分析

目的 探讨输卵管妊娠的临床特点和诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析287例输卵管妊娠患者的临床资料,包括常规化验、超声检查及腹腔镜手术资料.分析临床特点和手术指标.采用传统开腹手术和腹腔镜手术,其中腹腔镜手术193例(腹腔镜手术组),传统开腹手术94例(传统开腹手术组).结果 (1)输卵管妊娠患者临床表现以腹痛、停经和阴道不规则流血为主,分别为287例(100％)、232例(80.8％)和179例(62.4％).(2)超声检查发现包块257例(89.5％),盆腔积液167例(58.2％),附件区有胚囊或胚囊样结构32例(11.1％),有胚芽或胎心19例(6.6％).尿妊娠试验阳性248例,阳性率为86.4％,血绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)平均为(545.0±231.6) U/L.(3)既往史:有结扎手术史及其他避孕史34例(11.8％),外科手术史43例(15.0％),人工流产史87例(30.3％),肝炎、疟疾、结核病史33例(11.5％).(4)287例手术均成功,平均手术时间(44.5±6.7)min,住院时间(4.1±2.7)d,无术后并发症发生,腹部伤口均一期愈合.术后24h血 β-HCG下降均≥50％.腹腔镜手术组和传统开腹手术组分别有26例和43例需要输血.2组的肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、发热例数和镇痛例数腹腔镜手术组均明显优于传统开腹手术组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.27、4.82、3.72,x2值分别为5.53、14.29;P＜0.01,P＜0.05),但手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹痛、停经和阴道流血是输卵管妊娠最常见的临床表现;血β-HCG联合超声检查是目前诊断异位妊娠的最佳方案;腹腔镜手术创伤小,是输卵管妊娠诊治的最好方式.     

Perioperative activin A concentrations as a predictive marker of neurologic abnormalities in children after open heart surgery

BACKGROUND: Ischemic-reperfusion injury of the brain is a major adverse event after cardiac surgery, especially when extracorporeal circuits are used. Because brain injury induces local overproduction of activin A, we measured plasma concentrations in children after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to investigate the potential of measuring activin A for early identification of infants at risk for brain damage. METHODS: We evaluated 45 infants (age <1 year) with congenital heart defects: 36 without overt neurologic injury, and 9 with neurologic injury on day 7 after the surgical procedure. Blood samples were taken before surgery, during surgery before CPB, at the end of CPB, at the end of surgery, and at 12 h after surgery. Neurologic development was assessed before surgery and on postoperative day 7. RESULTS: Activin A concentrations increased significantly during surgery (P <0.0001) to a maximum at the end of CPB. Infants who developed abnormal neurologic sequelae had concentrations significantly higher (P <0.0001, all comparisons) than patients with normal neurologic outcome at all evaluated times, but not before surgery. Activin A had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 66%-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 90%-100%) as a single marker for predicting neurologic abnormalities (area under the ROC curve, 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Activin A increases in children who experience poor neurologic outcomes after open heart surgery, and its assay may help in early identification of infants at risk for brain damage.     

白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后囊袋收缩综合征发生危险因素分析

目的探讨白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入术后囊袋收缩综合征(capsular contraction syndrome,CCS)发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析行白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术治疗的白内障2015例(2117只眼)的临床资料,根据术后3个月内CCS发生情况分为CCS组及非CCS组,记录比较两组术前和术后1个月最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)和对比敏感度(contrast sensitivity function,CSF),采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术后CCS发生的危险因素。结果2015例(2117只眼)白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术后发生CCS 62例(62只眼,CCS组),未发生CCS 1953例(2055只眼,非CCS组)。术后1个月,两组BCVA均较术前降低,CSF 1.5、6.0和18.0 c/d均较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术前和术后1个月,CCS组BCVA均高于非CCS组,CSF 1.5、6.0和18.0 c/d均低于非CCS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。CCS组年龄≥75岁、有眼部手术史、使用亲水性IOL及合并葡萄膜炎、青光眼、高度近视、视网膜色素变性所占比例均高于非CCS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥75岁、有眼部手术史、亲水性IOL及合并葡萄膜炎、青光眼、高度近视、视网膜色素变性均为影响白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术后CCS发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论年龄≥75岁、有眼部手术史、亲水性IOL及合并葡萄膜炎、青光眼、高度近视、视网膜色素变性均为影响白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术后CCS发生的独立危险因素,临床上对有上述危险因素的白内障患者,可予相应干预,以降低CCS发生率。     

The impacts of pre-surgery wait for total knee replacement on pain, function and health-related quality of life six months after surgery

Objective The purpose of the current study was to assess, in patients scheduled for primary total knee replacement (TKR), the effects of pre‐surgery waiting time on pain and functional limitations related to the knee joint undergoing surgery, on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and on contralateral knee pain 6 months after surgery. Method A total of 141 patients scheduled for TKR were recruited from three hospitals in Quebec City, Canada, and followed up until 6 months after surgery. Pre‐surgery wait, defined as the time between enrolment on the pre‐surgery waiting list and surgery, was considered in four categories (≤3, >3–6, >6–9, >9 months). Pain and functional limitations were measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). HRQoL was measured with the SF‐36. Results Mean pre‐surgery waiting time was 184 (SD: 120.8) days. Six months after TKR, a significant difference was seen between the four groups of pre‐surgery wait in terms of HRQoL SF‐36 role physical [F(3, 136) = 2.74, P = 0.046] and contralateral knee WOMAC pain [F(3, 136) = 5.78, P = 0.0009] scores. Participants with the longest pre‐surgery wait (>9 months) showed the worst scores 6 months after TKR. Conclusions Longer pre‐surgery waiting time had a negative clinically important impact on HRQoL and contralateral knee pain 6 months after surgery.     

外科手术后急性肺栓塞临床分析

目的 分析外科手术后患者急性肺栓寨的临床特点,以提高临床医师对术后急性肺栓塞的认识并增强早期预防观念.方法 对北京大学第三医院2000年1月至2008年1月8年问31例外科手术后急性肺栓塞患者的一般资料、临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后进行回顾分析.结果 ①术后急性肺栓塞占所有急性肺栓塞的比率为21.9%,其病死率为3.2%.②术后急性肺栓塞常见于脊柱手术、恶性肿瘤手术、腹腔手术、妇科手术和关节置换手术等.术后急性肺栓塞常发生于术后一周之内,恶性肿瘤术后发生肺栓塞的时间更早.③临床表现以呼吸困难最常见(90.3%),其次为胸痛、心悸、晕厥较常见,典型的呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血三联症并不多见.④静脉溶栓治疗禁忌用于术后大面积肺栓塞,介入取栓、碎栓或外科取栓是重要的替代治疗措施.结论 外科手术是急性肺栓寒的一个重要危险因素;术后患者出现呼吸困难、胸痛、晕厥等表现时,临床医师应警惕肺栓塞;积极抗凝或取栓治疗可以改善患者预后.     

Vascular surgery: possible adverse effect on extent of subsequent lower limb amputation.

The influence of previous vascular surgery on the level of amputation was examined retrospectively in 345 amputations (66 bilateral) in 279 patients with peripheral vascular disease. Seventy-two patients (38% diabetic) had previous vascular surgery on 74 limbs and 207 (65% diabetic) had no history of vascular surgery on 271 limbs. In patients with previous vascular surgery, above-knee amputation was done on 55% of limbs versus 71% of limbs in patients with no previous vascular surgery (P < .05), despite a lower incidence of diabetes in the former group. We conclude that although reconstructive vascular surgery is an effective treatment for vascular insufficiency, occasionally it not only fails, but is associated with an increased incidence of above-knee amputation.     

Patient expectations of quality of life following lumbar spinal surgery.

Spinal surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in the United States. In 2003, almost 450,000 cases were performed for problems related to lumbar herniated disks, stenosis, and degenerative changes. It has been reported that patient expectations play a role in perceived quality of life (QOL). Because surgery is frequently a last resort for patients with spinal disease, patients often have high expectations of their outcomes of surgery. Patient expectations of surgical outcome may play an important role in recovery and perceived QOL. The research on patient expectations of surgery in the spinal surgery literature is limited. This study examined the relationships between perceived QOL, expectations, and level of optimism. A sample of 57 patients completed questionnaires designed to measure perceived QOL, expectations, and optimism before lumbar spinal surgery and 3 months after surgery. The major findings of the study are as follows: (a) patients with higher degrees of optimism reported better perceived QOL; (b) increased fulfillment of expectations was associated with better postoperative QOL; and (c) both expectations and level of optimism were significant predictors of postoperative QOL. These findings will help nurses better understand how patients' expectations can affect their perceived QOL while recovering from lumbar spinal surgery.     

外科手术后急性肺栓塞临床分析

目的 分析外科手术后患者急性肺栓寨的临床特点,以提高临床医师对术后急性肺栓塞的认识并增强早期预防观念.方法 对北京大学第三医院2000年1月至2008年1月8年问31例外科手术后急性肺栓塞患者的一般资料、临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后进行回顾分析.结果 ①术后急性肺栓塞占所有急性肺栓塞的比率为21.9%,其病死率为3.2%.②术后急性肺栓塞常见于脊柱手术、恶性肿瘤手术、腹腔手术、妇科手术和关节置换手术等.术后急性肺栓塞常发生于术后一周之内,恶性肿瘤术后发生肺栓塞的时间更早.③临床表现以呼吸困难最常见(90.3%),其次为胸痛、心悸、晕厥较常见,典型的呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血三联症并不多见.④静脉溶栓治疗禁忌用于术后大面积肺栓塞,介入取栓、碎栓或外科取栓是重要的替代治疗措施.结论 外科手术是急性肺栓寒的一个重要危险因素;术后患者出现呼吸困难、胸痛、晕厥等表现时,临床医师应警惕肺栓塞;积极抗凝或取栓治疗可以改善患者预后.     

外科手术后急性肺栓塞临床分析

目的 分析外科手术后患者急性肺栓寨的临床特点,以提高临床医师对术后急性肺栓塞的认识并增强早期预防观念.方法 对北京大学第三医院2000年1月至2008年1月8年问31例外科手术后急性肺栓塞患者的一般资料、临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后进行回顾分析.结果 ①术后急性肺栓塞占所有急性肺栓塞的比率为21.9%,其病死率为3.2%.②术后急性肺栓塞常见于脊柱手术、恶性肿瘤手术、腹腔手术、妇科手术和关节置换手术等.术后急性肺栓塞常发生于术后一周之内,恶性肿瘤术后发生肺栓塞的时间更早.③临床表现以呼吸困难最常见(90.3%),其次为胸痛、心悸、晕厥较常见,典型的呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血三联症并不多见.④静脉溶栓治疗禁忌用于术后大面积肺栓塞,介入取栓、碎栓或外科取栓是重要的替代治疗措施.结论 外科手术是急性肺栓寒的一个重要危险因素;术后患者出现呼吸困难、胸痛、晕厥等表现时,临床医师应警惕肺栓塞;积极抗凝或取栓治疗可以改善患者预后.     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效比较

目的:比较低位直肠癌腹腔镜与开腹根治术的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析广东省人民医院2006年6月至2008年12月收治的101例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料.结果:根据随机数字表进行分组,52例接受腹腔镜手术,49例接受传统开腹手术.腹腔镜手术组中2例(3.8％)中转开腹手术.腹腔镜手术组术中出血量为(90±40) mL,明显少于开腹手术组的(270±140)mL (P=0.023).腹腔镜手术组48 h肛门排气的患者占46.2％(24/52),明显高于开腹手术组的18.4％(9/49)(P=0.003).开腹手术组需要使用止痛药止痛的患者占55.1％(27/49),明显高于腹腔镜手术组的17.3％(9/52)(P=0.000).腹腔镜手术组平均总住院时间为(8.7±5.5)d,明显短于开腹手术组(12.5±7.3)d(P=0.028).两组其他临床病理因素(性别、年龄、收获淋巴结的数目、TNM分期和术后并发症的发生率)的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术较开腹手术具有术中出血少、术后痛苦少和恢复快等优点,同时能达到根治的要求.