64层螺旋CT头颈联合CTA成像技术优化探讨

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT头颈部联合CTA成像技术优化.方法 将86例头颈联合CTA随机分为A(常规方案)、B(优化方案)两组中46例进行动脉血管成像,对图像进行评价.结果 B组与A组重建的图像无明显差异,颈内动脉、基底动脉强化值无明显差异.结论 64层螺旋CT联合头颈CTA成像时,采用优化扫描方案可重建出符合诊断血管图像,减少对比剂用量.     

多层螺旋CT颈内动脉和脑动脉成像的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slicespiralCTMSCT)颈内动脉和脑动脉成像(CTA)的技术和临床应用。方法21例疑为颈内动脉、脑动脉病变的患者行多层螺旋CT增强扫描,利用不同的图像后处理技术分别进行血管成像。结果21例颈内动脉和脑动脉均可清晰显示,其中正常者9例,动脉狭窄9例,动脉阻塞1例,动脉瘤1例,动静脉畸形1例。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像可清晰显示血管病变,对指导临床治疗及支架内置入有重要指导价值。     

正常脑动脉CT血管成像形态研究及其临床意义

[目的]探讨正常脑动脉的CT血管成像(CTA)形态特征,为脑血管疾病的诊断提供参考资料.[方法]对120例健康体检者行脑血管CTA检查,选择其中无脑血管病变的90例进行观测,统计正常脑血管主要分支的显示率,最佳显示方位,分析脑动脉的形态及变异.[结果]正常脑动脉CTA图像上边缘光整、走行自然、由主干至分支逐渐变细,但存在一定变异,以脑底动脉变异较大.[结论]多层螺旋CTA可很好显示脑动脉各级分支及其与周围结构的空间关系.     

64排CT头颈血管联合成像在脑梗死中的应用67例分析

目的探讨64排螺旋CT头颈部血管联合造影（CTA）对脑梗死患者的临床应用价值。方法对临床脑梗死的住院患者67例行64排螺旋CT头颈动脉成像检查,采用VR、MIP、SSD和VE技术重建三维头颈动脉图像。结果 65例头颈动脉CTA图像达到诊断要求,头颈动脉狭窄者58例,正常9例。单纯颈动脉狭窄24例,单纯脑动脉狭窄18例,头颈动脉狭窄并存16例。结论 64排螺旋CT的CTA检查是一种显示头颈部血管狭窄病变有价值的检查方法。     

128层螺旋CT血管造影评价症状性主动脉弓以上动脉狭窄的价值研究

目的以数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果为对照标准,评价128层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)判断主动脉弓以上动脉狭窄程度的准确性。方法收集2014年1月至2015年2月临床怀疑主动脉弓以上动脉狭窄性病变患者21例,均行主动脉弓以上CTA检查,并在2周内行DSA检查,将CTA与DSA检出结果进行对比,观察CTA的敏感度和特异度,评价128层螺旋CT血管造影诊断主动脉弓以上动脉狭窄的准确性。结果 21例362段血管CTA和DSA诊断符合数为353段(97.5%),128层螺旋CT血管造影诊断主动脉弓以上动脉狭窄的总的敏感度为100%,特异度为99.66%,阳性预测值为98.57%,阴性预测值为100%。结论 128层CTA作为一种无创或微创性检查,有较高的敏感度和特异度,可用于主动脉弓以上动脉狭窄的术前诊断、术后效果评价。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在诊断椎基底动脉供血不足中的应用价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在诊断椎基底动脉供血不足中的应用价值。方法 693例临床诊断或拟诊为椎基底动脉供血不足的患者行头颈部64层螺旋CT血管成像检查。23例在64层螺旋CT血管成像检查后5~10 d内行(DSA)检查。采用双盲法对所有计数资料采用X~2检验进行统计分析;以DSA为"金标准",对64层螺旋CT血管成像和DSA发现椎基底动脉狭窄的结果进行统计分析。结果左椎动脉及右椎动脉各段狭窄差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。对双侧椎动脉不同性质的斑块在椎动脉各段的分布进行多组频数分布的X~2检验,差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。23例患者46条椎动脉既行CTA检查又行DSA检查,以DSA为"金标准",将检查结果进行对照研究和统计分析,差别无统计学意义(P=0.774,P0.05),同时采用Kappa检验评价CTA对椎基底动脉狭窄的诊断价值(Kappa=0.803,P=0.000,P0.05,Kappa0.75),CTA对椎基底动脉狭窄诊断的敏感度81.6%,特异度97.0%,准确度94.2%,阳性预测值86.1%,阴性预测值95.9%。结论 64层螺旋CT血管成像能够清晰显示粥样硬化斑块的性质及周围组织的变化情况,对椎基底动脉供血不足的诊断具有较高的应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断椎-基底动脉供血不足48例分析

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断椎-基底动脉供血不足的临床价值。方法：对发现的48例椎基底动脉供血不足T IA患者进行多层螺旋CT血管成像CTA检查或数字减影血管造影（DSA）,进行系统分析。结果：48例患者的96支椎动脉中CTA显示血管正常55支,轻度狭窄14支,中度狭窄9支,重度狭窄8支,先天发育不良（一侧椎动脉细小）5支,明显迂曲9支。8例患者的椎动脉管腔CTA评价结果与DSA一致。结论：CTA能清晰显示椎基底动脉,对椎基底动脉T IA的病因诊断、治疗方案的确定以及预后估计有重要价值。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在烟雾病诊断中的应用28例分析

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在烟雾病诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 28例烟雾病患者均行64层螺旋CT血管成像检查.应用容积再现(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)及最大密度投影(MIP)后处理技术.结果 64层螺旋CT血管成像检查具有以下特征性表现:大脑基底部大血管闭塞或极度狭窄;脑底部和基底节区异常毛细血管网,侧支循环及代偿动脉的形成;脑实质继发血管循环的变化,主要表现为脑出血或缺血性及脑萎缩等病理变化.结论 64层螺旋CT血管成像可以成为烟雾病诊断的首选影像学检查方法,其对临床治疗方案有重要的指导作用.     

128层螺旋CT脑灌注成像联合CT血管造影对超早期脑梗死区域血流动力学研究

目的探讨128层螺旋CT脑灌注成像联合CT血管造影对超早期脑梗死区域血流动力学改变情况。方法选择本院收治的急性脑梗死患者29例,全部患者发病6h内行颅脑CT扫描、CT脑灌注成像(CTP)及CT血管造影(CTA)检查,分析灌注图像,并测量脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV),并与对侧未梗死脑组织比。结果 CT扫描发现9例存在早期脑梗死灶,余20例未见异常,CTP发现脑灌注异常区域;梗死区CBF、CBV较对侧明显减低(P<0.05);缺血半暗带CBF明显小于对侧(P<0.05),CBV与对侧无显著差异(P>0.05)。CTA检查显示29例患者中,12例一侧大脑动脉狭窄,17例患者一侧颈内动脉狭窄。结论 CT脑灌注成像可以较好的显示脑梗死患者脑缺血病灶血流灌注情况,CTA可有效显示脑血管病变部位及程度,螺旋CT脑灌注成像联合CT血管造影可为超早期脑梗死诊断治疗提供准确依据,值得应用。     

64层螺旋CTA评估脑缺血患者供血动脉及Willis动脉环

目的 探讨64层螺旋CTA评估脑缺血患者供血动脉、颅底Willis环的解剖诊断价值及代偿潜力的价值.方法 137例患者进入研究,其中TIA患者59例,脑梗死45例,33例无症状.对全部患者行64层螺旋CT脑血管成像,使用多种方式重建,多方位观察Willis环及大脑Willis环前、后动脉结构.结果 三组间脑供血动脉狭窄程度差异有统计学意义.大脑前动脉A1段、椎-基底动脉、颈总-颈内动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑中动脉M1段三组之间差异有统计学意义.结论 CTA能全面评价动脉狭窄及Willis环代偿能力,为临床治疗提供帮助.     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

城乡居民高血压与饮食习惯的调查分析

心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题。随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快。由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义。     

骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现:9例报告并文献复习

目的探讨骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现。方法收集手术病理证实的9例骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的临床及影像学资料,9例术前8例接受CT扫描,3例接受MRI检查。结果9例中骨脂肪瘤6例,骨血管脂肪瘤3例。6例骨脂肪瘤发生于骨内4例,骨旁2例。骨内脂肪瘤跟骨1例,距骨1例,眶骨1例,肱骨1例。骨旁脂肪瘤颅骨1例,股骨1例。骨血管脂肪瘤发生于肋骨1例,颅骨1例,椎骨1例。骨内脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈轻度膨胀性改变,边缘见轻度硬化环,病灶内见脂肪密度及条弧形、结节状钙化,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,PDWI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。骨旁脂肪瘤CT呈不均匀高密度团块,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,T1WI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。3例骨血管脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈显著膨胀性改变,骨破坏边缘及内部见多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁,高密度骨针呈放射状、簇状或不规则排列。结论骨内脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤CT及MRI表现均以脂肪成分为主要特征,骨旁脂肪瘤CT以骨化性团块为特征,骨血管脂肪瘤骨质膨胀性改变较骨内脂肪瘤显著,病灶边缘及中心以多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁为特征。      

Attitude differences of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of susceptible and nonsusceptible hypnotic subjects

A form of the Semantic Differential, containing 9 concepts related to hypnosis and research, was administered to 96 hypnotically inexperienced male Ss. The Ss were later asked to volunteer for a hypnotic experiment, and the hypnotic susceptibility of all volunteers (N = 51) was then determined. Semantic Differential responses of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of highly susceptible and unhyp-notizable Ss were compared. Differences between groups, in both comparisons, were generally not statistically significant, a finding which suggests that there is no simple relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of attitudes and volunteering for hypnotic experiments or hypnotizability.     

城乡居民高血压与饮食习惯的调查分析

心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题[1].随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快[2].由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义.     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.