护理能力在肿瘤科护士工作倦怠与心理资本间的中介效应

目的 探讨肿瘤科护士心理资本、护理能力和工作倦怠的关系,为制定改善肿瘤科护士工作倦怠的干预措施提供依据。方法 采取便利抽样法,以广西25所三级综合医院和专科医院1 203名肿瘤科护士为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、护士心理资本问卷、护士护理能力量表及工作倦怠量表进行问卷调查。结果 工作倦怠量表中,情感衰竭评分为（2.23±1.61）分,消极怠慢评分为（1.63±1.15）分,成就感低落评分为（2.43±1.28）分;护士心理资本量表评分为（4.15±0.86）分,护理能力量表评分为（73.44±13.11）分。Pearson相关性分析显示肿瘤科护士情感衰竭与心理资本,护理能力呈负相关（r=-0.422,-0.283;P<0.05）,消极怠慢与心理资本,护理能力呈负相关（r=-0.519,-0.365;P<0.05）,个人成就感低落与心理资本,护理能力呈负相关（r=-0.477,-0.533;P<0.05）;结构方程模型结果显示,肿瘤科护士的心理资本能直接影响工作倦怠,直接效应为β=-0.58,护理能力在其中的中介效应效果量为β=-0.17。结论 肿瘤科护士心理资本对工作倦怠具有直接预测作用,护理能力在肿瘤科护士心理资本和工作倦怠之间存在中介效应。建议可通过制定提高肿瘤科护士的心理资本和护理能力的措施,以改善其工作倦怠。     

护士心理资本在工作压力和职业倦怠间的中介效应

目的 探讨护士心理资本在工作压力与职业倦怠之间的中介效应。方法 采用方便抽样法,选取甘肃省某三级甲等综合医院953名护士,采用一般资料调查表、心理资本问卷、中国护士工作压力源量表及护士职业倦怠量表进行调查。采用AMOS 22.0软件建立结构方程模型分析中介效应。结果 护士职业倦怠中情感耗竭、工作冷漠感、个人成就感得分依次为（24.55±11.61）分、（7.11±6.24）分、（32.43±9.67）分,心理资本总分为（102.01±13.11）分,工作压力总分为（96.23±13.78）分;心理资本与工作压力、职业倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.385,-0.485,均P<0.01）,工作压力与职业倦怠呈正相关（r=0.499,P<0.01）;心理资本在工作压力与职业倦怠之间起部分中介作用（β=0.133,P<0.01）,工作压力对职业倦怠的直接效应与间接效应分别为0.537、0.133。结论 护士职业倦怠、工作压力、心理资本得分均处于中等偏上水平,工作压力可以通过心理资本间接影响职业倦怠。护理管理者应采取积极措施降低护士工作压力,提升心理资本,进而降低其职业倦怠水平。     

共情在高职实习护生正念与临床沟通能力间的中介效应

目的 探讨共情在高职实习护生正念与其临床沟通能力间的中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样法,2019年9—12月选取泉州医学高等专科学校、漳州卫生职业学院、福建卫生职业技术学院的541名护生作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、五因素正念量表、临床沟通能力测评量表、人际反应指针量表对其进行调查。采用AMOS 23.0建立结构方程模型,并用Bootstrap法对中介效应模型进行验证。结果 本组高职实习护生临床沟通能力、正念、共情能力总分依次为（87.10±10.05）分,（120.68±10.16）分,（54.94±9.33）分;临床沟通能力与正念、共情能力呈正相关（r=0.283,0.263;均P<0.05）,正念与共情能力呈正相关（r=0.318,P<0.05）;共情能力在正念与护患沟通能力间起部分中介作用,中介效应为0.089,占总效应的33.0%。结论 正念、共情与临床沟通能力关系密切,正念可以通过共情来间接影响临床沟通能力。护理高职院校工作者可以在教育内容上增加正念和共情训练,提高高职护生的临床沟通能力。     

工作幸福感在新护士公平敏感性与人际关系困扰间的中介效应

目的 探讨新护士工作幸福感在公平敏感性与人际关系困扰间的中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2019年9—10月选取天津某三级甲等专科医院新护士作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、公平偏好问卷、工作幸福感量表、人际关系诊断量表对其进行调查。结果 新护士公平敏感性所有条目均分为（3.39±0.46）分,工作幸福感总分为（88.44±15.59）分,人际关系困扰总分为（12.32±4.53）分,新护士公平敏感性与人际关系困扰呈负相关,与工作幸福感呈正相关（r=-0.334,0.426,均P<0.01）;工作幸福感与人际关系困扰呈负相关（r=-0.435,P<0.01）,工作幸福感在公平敏感性和人际关系困扰间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的45.5%。结论 本组新护士人际关系困扰处于中等程度水平,工作幸福感在公平敏感性和人际关系困扰间有部分中介作用,护理管理者应采取相关措施增强新护士工作幸福感,提高公平敏感性,降低人际关系困扰。     

心理韧性在护理硕士研究生情绪智力与职业认同间的中介作用

目的 了解护理硕士研究生职业认同现状,探讨心理韧性在情绪智力与职业认同间的中介作用。方法 2020年1—2月通过便利抽样法,采用一般资料问卷、护生职业认同量表、中文版情绪智力量表、中文版10条目心理韧性量表,对我国8个省12所高等院校共160名护理硕士研究生进行问卷调查。结果 160名护理硕士研究生职业认同得分为(58.91±9.48)分,情绪智力(65.83±13.10)分,心理韧性(25.98±5.91)分;不同年龄、择业意向、工作经验的护理硕士研究生职业认同得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理硕士研究生情绪智力、心理韧性均与职业认同呈正相关(r=0.517、0.545,P<0.01),心理韧性在情绪智力与职业认同间存在部分中介作用,效应值为0.197,占总效应的53.10%。结论 护理硕士研究生职业认同处于中等水平,仍有较大提升空间,提示应采取措施培养护理硕士研究生情绪智力、增强心理韧性,以提高职业认同水平,减少护理人才的流失。     

职业使命感与职业延迟满足在主动性人格和护士自我职业生涯规划间的链式中介效应分析

目的 探讨职业使命感、职业延迟满足在主动性人格对护士自我职业生涯规划影响机制中的多重中介作用。方法 采用方便抽样法,于2018年2月选取安徽省5家三级甲等医院的护士作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、主动性人格量表、自我职业生涯规划量表、职业使命感量表和职业延迟满足量表,对3 692名研究对象进行调查,构建并检验链式中介模型。结果 本组3 692名护士自我职业生涯规划总分为（45.62±12.52）分,主动性人格总分为（51.15±11.04）分;职业使命感总分为（38.34±8.91）分;职业延迟满足总分为（24.93±5.01）分。主动性人格对自我职业生涯规划的间接效应成立,总的间接效应为0.349;职业使命感的特定中介效应占总间接效应的38.11%;职业延迟满足的特定中介效应占总间接效应的23.78%;职业使命感和职业延迟满足在主动性人格与自我职业生涯规划中的链式中介作用占总的间接效应的38.11%。结论 护士自我职业生涯规划得分处于中等水平,职业使命感、职业延迟满足在主动性人格和护士自我职业生涯规划间的多重中介效应成立。建议护理管理者识别不同人格类型的护士,帮助其强化职业使命感和培养职业延迟满足行为,进而提高自我职业生涯规划水平。     

情绪智力在本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围与人文关怀间的中介效应

目的 探讨情绪智力在本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围与人文关怀能力之间的中介效应。方法 便利选取青岛市4所三级甲等医院732名本科实习护生为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、组织关怀氛围量表、情绪智力量表和人文关怀能力评价量表对其进行调查,通过建立结构方程模型检验情绪智力在本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围与人文关怀能力之间的中介效应。结果 本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围、情绪智力和人文关怀能力总分依次为：（141.06±20.54）分,（132.44±14.48）分,（198.11±21.07）分。本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围与情绪智力对人文关怀能力均具有直接（正向）效应（β=0.157,0.685,均P<0.01）,本科实习护生组织关怀氛围对情绪智力具有直接（正向）效应（β=0.596,P<0.01）,中介检验显示情绪智力起到部分中介作用（β=0.408,P<0.01）。结论 本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围得分和情绪智力得分处于中等水平,人文关怀能力得分处于中等水平,本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围水平可以通过情绪智力间接影响人文关怀能力。医院护理管理者应采取多种措施提升本科实习护生感知组织关怀氛围水平,从而提升情绪智力,进而提升其人文关怀能力。     

职业决策自我效能在本科护生心理资本和职业认同的中介作用

目的 探究职业决策自我效能在护理本科生心理资本和职业认同关系中的中介作用。方法 采用方便抽样法,2017 年10—11月选取合肥某高校护理专业本科生作为研究对象。采用一般资料问卷、大学生职业决策自我效能量表、护生职业认同量表、大学生心理资本量表对其进行调查。采用AMOS 22.0软件构建结构方程模型分析中介效应。结果 本科护生职业决策自我效能总分为(123.91±22.25)分,心理资本总均分为(4.85±0.59)分,职业认同总分为(92.28±14.73)分;心理资本与职业认同、职业决策自我效能呈密切正相关(r=0.487,0.644;P<0.01);职业决策自我效能在本科护生心理资本和职业认同关系中起部分中介作用,心理资本对职业认同的直接效应和间接效应分别为0.35、0.12。结论 心理资本对本科护生职业认同有直接预测作用,职业决策自我效能在本科护生心理资本和职业认同之间存在中介效应。高校护理教育者可通过加强本科护生的职业情感和心理健康教育、指导制定职业生涯规划、组织社会实践、提供实时就业信息等,提高其心理资本和职业决策自我效能水平,进而提高其职业认同感。     

心理灵活性和应对方式在COPD患者压力知觉与心理社会适应间的链式中介效应

目的 探讨心理灵活性和应对方式在COPD患者的压力知觉对心理社会适应影响机制中的多重中介作用。方法 2020年1—11月方便抽取山东省3所医院对242例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、压力知觉量表、接纳与行动问卷第二版、医学应对方式问卷和疾病心理社会适应量表对其调查,构建并检验链式中介模型。结果 COPD患者的压力知觉总分为（33.40±7.77）分,心理灵活性总分为（27.67±7.14）分,面对维度分为（17.67±3.32）分,回避维度分为（15.43±2.74）分,屈服维度分为（10.60±3.13）分,心理社会适应总分为（60.91±16.40）分。COPD患者的压力知觉对心理社会适应的间接效应成立,总的间接效应值为0.273;心理灵活性的特定中介效应占总间接效应的43.96%;应对方式的特定中介效应占总间接效应的41.76%;心理灵活性和应对方式在压力知觉和心理社会适应的链式中介作用占总间接效应的14.28%。结论 心理灵活性、应对方式在COPD患者的压力知觉与心理社会适应间的多重中介效应成立。建议在临床工作中缓解患者的压力刺激,同时提高其心理灵活性,鼓励患者面对疾病时采用积极的应对策略,以促进心理社会适应。     

人文关怀品质在心内科护士共情能力和医学叙事能力间的中介效应

目的 探讨心内科护士共情能力和医学叙事能力的关系以及人文关怀品质在其间的中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样方法,于2022年3—4月选取西安市5家三级甲等综合医院的380名心内科护士作为研究对象,采用护士人文关怀品质量表、杰弗逊共情能力量表、医学叙事能力量表对其进行调查。采用SPSS21.0分析心内科护士人文关怀品质、共情能力和医学叙事能力的相关性,采用AMOS23.0建立结构方程模型并用Bootstrap法检验模型。结果 本组心内科护士人文关怀品质总分为（124.77±17.66）分,共情能力总分为（117.49±18.76）分,医学叙事能力总分为（158.03±18.15）分。结构方程模型结果显示,本组心内科护士共情能力对医学叙事能力有正向预测作用（β=0.745,P<0.001）,人文关怀品质在共情能力与医学叙事能力之间有部分中介作用（β=0.283,P<0.001）,中介效应占比为37.99%。结论 本组心内科护士医学叙事能力处于中等偏下水平,人文关怀品质、共情能力处于中等偏上水平,人文关怀品质在共情能力与医学叙事能力之间有部分中介作用。建议护理管理者要注重人文关怀品质和共情能力的培养,从而提高医学叙事能力。     

实习护生工作沉浸体验与职业生命质量的相关性及其影响因素分析*

目的: 了解实习护生工作沉浸体验与职业生命质量现状及其相关性,并对其影响因素进行分析,为护生职业生涯规划以及护理管理者制定相关管理措施提供理论依据。方法: 运用护士工作沉浸体验问卷和职业生命质量量表对262名实习护生进行问卷调查。结果: 实习护生沉浸体验得分（4.01±0.81）分,职业生命质量得分（3.29±0.45）分。实习护生的工作沉浸体验与职业生命质量呈正相关（P<0.01）。其中学历、护理专业喜好程度以及1周夜班频次是影响实习护生工作沉浸体验的因素（P<0.01）。结论: 实习护生工作沉浸水平越高,其职业生命质量越好,护理管理者和教育者可以采取一定的方法培养实习护生对护理工作的兴趣,提高其沉浸体验水平及职业生命质量。     

Attitudes towards people with physical or intellectual disabilities: nursing students and non‐nursing peers

Title. Attitudes towards people with physical or intellectual disabilities: nursing students and non‐nursing peers. Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the attitudes of Dutch nursing students towards people with physical or intellectual disabilities. Background. Attitudes of healthcare professionals are a major factor in the rehabilitation and self‐acceptance of persons with disabilities. Consequently, it is important that nurses develop or maintain positive attitudes towards people with disabilities during their education. However, more knowledge is needed about current attitudes of nursing students and factors influencing these attitudes. Methods. A sample of Dutch nursing students (n = 81) and an age‐matched group of non‐nursing peers (n = 48) completed standardized scales measuring attitudes about physically or intellectually disabled people. Data were collected in 2006. Findings. Nursing students were more positive towards physically disabled people than their peers, and more strongly endorsed empowerment and similarity of intellectually disabled people. These attitudinal differences generally remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment for demographic variables and experience and contact with individuals with disabilities. An important independent determinant of a positive attitude towards physically disabled people in the total sample was having a relative or friend with a physical disability. This association, however, was not apparent in attitudes towards intellectually disabled persons. Conclusion. Educational interventions aimed at improving attitudes towards people with disabilities should include focus on forms of contact beyond the context of formal care relationships.     

成就动机在医护学生基本心理需要与生命意义感间的中介效应

目的 探讨医护学生的生命意义感与基本心理需要、成就动机之间的关系及内在作用机制,为提高医护学生的生命意义感提供依据.方法 采用分层方便抽样方法,使用生命意义感量表、基本心理需要量表、成就动机量表简式版对601名医护学生进行问卷调查,通过构建结构方程模型分析不同倾向的成就动机在基本心理需要与生命意义感间的中介效应.结果 ...     

The Effect of Prior Experience in a Rehabilitation Setting on Students' Attitudes Toward the Disabled

The attitudes and reactions of rehabilitation nurses and nursing students toward patients with disabilities are important to the patients' adjustment and care over time. The purpose of this research study was to examine the effect of prior work experience and clinical experience in a rehabilitation setting on students' attitudes toward the disabled. The study involved the administration of Yuker, Block, and Young's (1966) Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale (ATDP). Nursing students (N = 225) appropriately completed the ATDP before and I month after attending an educational workshop on care of people with disabilities. Prior work experience with such people was found to have a significant impact on student attitudes. Subjects with prior work experience in a rehabilitation setting had significantly higher scores on the ATDP, indicating more positive attitudes toward people with disabilities, than did subjects without this experience. Students who had clinical experience in a rehabilitation setting had higher scores on the ATDP than students without it, but the difference was not statistically significant.     

A path to greater inclusivity through understanding implicit attitudes toward disability

Individuals with visible disabilities are underrepresented in nursing and have been denied admission to nursing education and discriminated against based on their disability, although nurse educators have been found to hold positive explicit attitudes toward disabled individuals. This study examines nurse educators' implicitly held attitudes toward individuals with disabilities through the use of the Disability Attitude Implicit Association Test. Findings demonstrated that nurse educators are strongly biased toward individuals without disabilities (N = 132, D = 0.76, SD = 0.46) and demonstrated a stronger preference than the general population (N = 38,544, D = 0.45, SD = 0.43). Study results suggest the need for a timely critique of the continuing focus on physical abilities as a prerequisite for admission to nursing programs. In addition, faculty in schools of nursing and practicing nurses must engage in discussions of attitudes toward individuals with visible disabilities for the discipline to be more inclusive.     

人类职能模式康复训练对精神分裂症患者自我效能及病耻感的干预效果

目的 探讨人类职能模式康复训练对康复期精神分裂症患者自我效能及病耻感的干预效果。方法 采用方便抽样法,选取2020年8月—2021年3月在江西省赣州市某三级甲等精神专科医院住院的103例康复期精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机分为试验组（53例）和对照组（50例）。两组均接受抗精神病药物治疗及常规护理,在此基础上,试验组进行人类职能模式康复训练,每周5次,共8周,对照组进行常规康复训练。两组干预前后采用一般自我效能感量表和精神疾病患者病耻感量表中文版评价干预效果。结果 试验组一般自我效能感量表干预前得分为（15.46±2.74）分,干预后得分为（17.92±2.42）分,高于干预前;干预前精神疾病患者病耻感量表中文版总分为（52.12±7.53）分、歧视分量表得分为（21.36±6.83）分、病情掩饰分量表得分为（17.28±4.45）分、积极效应分量表得分为（13.48±3.81）分,干预后精神疾病患者病耻感量表中文版总分为（41.66±4.95）分、歧视分量表得分为（16.84±4.02）分、病情掩饰分量表得分为（14.18±2.75）分、积极效应分量表得分为（10.64±2.38）分,均低于干预前,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。对照组一般自我效能感量表得分、病耻感总分、歧视分量表、病情掩饰分量表、积极效应分量表得分干预前后比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预后试验组一般自我效能感量表得分高于对照组,精神疾病患者病耻感量表中文版总分及各维度得分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 人类职能模式的康复训练能够有效降低患者的病耻感水平,提高自我效能感。     

Attitudes toward people with disabilities

Attitudes toward people with disabilities are learned, emotionally toned predispositions. This study compares such attitudes held by nursing faculty, beginning nursing students, graduating nursing students, registered nurses, and people with disabilities. Results of the study indicate that persons with disabilities were significantly more positive in their attitudes. Faculty held the least positive attitude, closely followed by graduating nursing students.     

Attitudes towards people with mental illness: a cross-sectional study among nursing staff in psychiatric and somatic care

Stigma and discrimination have been identified as important obstacles to the integration of people with mental illness in society. In efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination, health professionals play an important role as they have frequent contact with and responsibility for treatment and rehabilitation of consumers. The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes towards mental illness and people with mental illness among nursing staff working in psychiatric or somatic care. The sample consisted of 120 registered or assistant nurses who were interviewed about intimacy with mental illness and attitudes about seven different mental illnesses. The results showed that nursing staff in somatic care, to a higher degree than nursing staff in mental health, reported more negative attitudes with regard to people with schizophrenia as being more dangerous and unpredictable. In contrast, professional experience, intimacy with mental illness and type of care organization were found to be more associated with attitudes to specific mental illnesses concerning the prospect of improvement with treatment and the prospect of recovery. In conclusion, attitudes among nursing staff are in several respects comparable with public opinions about mental illness and mentally ill persons. In order to elucidate if negative attitudes about dangerousness and unpredictability of persons with specific mental illnesses are associated with realistic experiences or with prejudices further studies with a qualitative design are suggested.