颌下腺神经鞘瘤超声误诊1例

患者女,47岁,既往体健。因发现右下颌肿块3个月就诊。体格检查:于右下颌触及一大小约2.0 cm×3.0 cm×3.0 cm肿块,质软,表面光滑,界限清楚,移动度好,无触痛,表面皮肤无异常;余未见特殊。超声检查:右侧颌下腺探及一大小约3.9cm×2.9 cm中低回声,界清,内回声欠均匀(图1A);CDFI于其内探及条状血流信号,测得其中一支动脉收缩期峰值流速为6.49 cm/s,舒张末期流速为2.94cm/s,阻力指数为0.55(图1B)。初步诊断:右侧颌下腺实性病变(性质待定,不除外混合瘤)。于全身麻醉下行右颌下肿物切除术。术中见颌下腺实性肿块大小约4.5 cm×3.0 cm×2.5 cm,质中,边界清,包膜完整。术后病理诊断:(右颌下肿块)神经鞘瘤(图2)。     

超声诊断肋骨骨折1例

正患者女,35岁,因外伤致右胸背部肿痛不适5 d来我院外科就诊。体格检查:右侧背部皮下见一包块突起,无明显界线,按压痛。超声检查:右侧背部距皮下约0.6 cm处探及一低至无回声(图1),大小约3.2 cm×0.6 cm,边界欠清楚,形态不规则;其下方肋骨回声可见连续中断,分离,略错位(图2,3),间距约0.12 cm;CDFI:无回声内未探及血流信号。超声诊断:右侧背部皮下低至无回声(血肿可能),该处肋骨回声异常(考虑肋骨骨折)。     

肠结核1例的彩超表现

患者女 ,67岁。下腹胀痛 2个月 ,外院检查发现腹部包块入院。查体 :心肺 (- ) ,浅表淋巴结不大。盆腔可触及大小约 9cm× 7cm× 7cm包块 ,质中 ,轻压痛 ,活动度差。胸片示 :心肺未见异常。彩超显示盆腔可探及大小约 1 1 .0 cm× 7.2 cm× 7.0 cm不规则囊性包块 ,壁厚呈均匀的低回声 ,腔内透声可。 CDFI其壁可探及点、条状血流信号 (图 1 ) ,PW示低速低阻动脉频谱 (图 2 ) ,RI0 .44。超声诊断 :盆腔囊性占位。手术见盆腔正中有一灰白色包块 ,约女拳大小 ,见小肠绕过包块 ,粘连较紧 ,行包块及小肠部分切除术。图 1　肠结核的彩色多普勒声…     

右心房内横纹肌肉瘤超声表现1例

<正>患儿女,5岁。主因右下肢疼痛1个月伴排尿困难1周入院。查体:血压112/77 mmHg;心率90次/min;无明显阳性体征。心脏超声:下腔静脉内可见低回声充填,延伸入右心房,右心房内可见大小约1.0cm×2.3cm的不规则低回声团块,大幅度摆动,舒张期进入右心室(图1),三尖瓣口血流未见梗阻。提示:右心房恶性肿瘤?腹部超声:右侧髂窝处见4.3cm×7.5cm×4.2cm低回声团块,边界不清,形态不规则,与下腔静脉分界不清。下腔静脉内充满低回声延续达右房。CDFI:下腔静脉近段见细束血流信号,远端未见血流信号,团块内见点状血流信     

胃肝样腺癌肝转移误诊为原发性肝细胞肝癌分析1例

<正>患者男,72岁。体检发现右肝占位1周来我院就诊,既往无肝病病史,饮酒史30余年。超声检查显示:肝Ⅴ~Ⅷ段实质内见一偏高回声肿块,大小约10.2cm×8.3cm×8.8cm,边界可辨,内回声不均,CDFI示:其内可见条状血流信号(图1)。超声造影示肿块整体呈快进快出灌注模式,提示考虑原发性肝癌(图2)。肝脏增强MRI示:肝Ⅴ~Ⅷ段内见一巨大略长T1略长T2信号肿块影,弥散受限,边界尚     

超声诊断肝脏外生性婴幼儿型血管瘤1例

正患儿女,足月儿,出生后第4天因呕吐行超声检查:肝左叶至肝右前叶见一大小约4.8 cm×4.3 cm×3.8 cm的不均质团状稍高回声,形态尚规则,边界清,外凸,内可见散在不规则无回声区;CDFI于团块周边可见环状血流信号,其内可见点条状血流信号(图1A);脉冲多普勒可探及动静脉瘘血流频谱(图1B)。超声提示:肝内实性占位,考虑婴幼儿型血管瘤。同日CT提示肝脏下方等-低密度影,与肝左叶分界不清,增强后肿块不均匀强化,内见液化坏死区,考虑肿瘤。2个多月时复查超声:肝左叶及肝右前叶区域实性占位增大至7.3 cm×5.1 cm×6.8 cm,内伴囊性变及钙化,考虑婴幼儿型血管瘤(infantile hepatic hemangioma,IHH)。次日检测甲胎蛋白1210.0 ng/ml。5个月     

甲状腺神经鞘瘤1例

<正>患者男,64岁。体检发现甲状腺左叶结节,无疼痛、无发热、无声音嘶哑。超声所见:甲状腺大小正常,实质回声增粗不均匀,左叶见大小约1.6cm×0.9cm×1.2cm弱回声结节(图1),CDFI:内部及周边可见点条状血流信号(图2);超声提示:桥本甲状腺炎,甲状腺左叶腺瘤?行超声引导下甲状腺左叶结节FNA,细胞病理示:见一些成团短梭形细     

超声心动图诊断并随访肋骨肉瘤心内转移1例

<正>患者女,因发现胸部肿块1个月余入院。超声心动图检查:上腔静脉近无名静脉汇入处探及一絮状回声,大小约2.30 cm×1.10 cm,CDFI示该处血流充盈缺损;另三尖瓣回声稍毛糙,前瓣瓣尖处探及不均质絮状高回声,大小约1.38 cm×0.87 cm,随心动周期摆动,三尖瓣开启良好,收缩期瓣上少量反流(图1)。超声提示:三尖瓣前叶、上腔静脉内异常回声,结合病史考虑骨肉瘤心内转移可能。CT三维重建示:右侧第四前肋骨质破坏伴     

双乳双源性乳腺癌超声表现1例

患者女,52岁,7年前自己发现左侧乳腺肿块来我院进行超声检查,显示左乳下象限见一低回声团块,其边缘回声欠规整,无包膜回声,大小1.4 cm×1.3 cm,后方衰减(图1).彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)显示团块内少许点条状血流信号.双腋下及双锁骨上窝均未见肿大淋巴结回声.超声诊断:左乳腺实性占位(乳腺癌).行左乳全切术.病理结果:左乳腺浸润性导管癌.     

超声检查肾上腺皮质腺癌并下腔静脉、肾静脉癌栓1例

患者男,35岁.因左侧腹部间断隐痛、不适5个月入院.腹部超声检查:左肾上方见大小约13 cm×9 cm低回声,边界尚清,呈分叶状,内部回声不均匀,可见散在强回声,提示:左肾上方实性占位病变.下腔静脉、肾静脉超声检查:下腔静脉肾水平至右房口约1.3 cm处管腔内见不均质低回声充填,其近心侧长约4.2 cm,在管腔内随血液流动呈浮动状态,CDFI:在浮动的不均质低回声周围可见贴     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.