Calcium oxalate crystals induce renal inflammation by NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion

Nephrocalcinosis, acute calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephropathy, and renal stone disease can lead to inflammation and subsequent renal failure, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain elusive. Other crystallopathies, such as gout, atherosclerosis, and asbestosis, trigger inflammation and tissue remodeling by inducing IL-1β secretion, leading us to hypothesize that CaOx crystals may induce inflammation in a similar manner. In mice, intrarenal CaOx deposition induced tubular damage, cytokine expression, neutrophil recruitment, and renal failure. We found that CaOx crystals activated murine renal DCs to secrete IL-1β through a pathway that included NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. Despite a similar amount of crystal deposits, intrarenal inflammation, tubular damage, and renal dysfunction were abrogated in mice deficient in MyD88; NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1; IL-1R; or IL-18. Nephropathy was attenuated by DC depletion, ATP depletion, or therapeutic IL-1 antagonism. These data demonstrated that CaOx crystals trigger IL-1β–dependent innate immunity via the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis in intrarenal mononuclear phagocytes and directly damage tubular cells, leading to the release of the NLRP3 agonist ATP. Furthermore, these results suggest that IL-1β blockade may prevent renal damage in nephrocalcinosis.     

A comparison of glucose concentration in paired specimens collected in serum separator and fluoride/potassium oxalate blood collection tubes under survey ‘field’ conditions

ObjectivesThere are no direct comparisons of blood glucose values in samples collected with barrier serum tubes (SST?) and NaF/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) plasma tubes. Collection of samples in SST? tubes can offer considerable savings and specimen processing advantages for national level surveys.Design and methodsSerum and plasma samples were collected under ‘field conditions’ from a single draw of 3692 individuals participating in the Canadian Health Measures Survey. The samples were analyzed retrospectively using the VITROS GLU Slide method (glucose oxidase-based).ResultsThere was a high rate of hemolysis in the NaF/KOx tubes (86.2%) while hemolysis was infrequently observed with the SST? tubes (2%). Comparing only blood draws where no hemolysis was observed in both tubes (n = 495; paired t-test) showed no effect of tube type on serum/plasma glucose concentrations. This was also observed when data was restricted to cases when only SST? samples were not hemolyzed (n = 3546; paired t-test).ConclusionsThese data show that both collection tubes can be used under survey collection and processing conditions to measure glucose with our assay system with no difference in reported results.     

Uric acid: an abettor or protector in calcium oxalate urolithiasis? Biochemical study in stone formers

BACKGROUND: Free radical induced renal damage leads to crystal retention and formation of large stones. However, the scenario behind uric acid (UA) stone formation is still a mystery, as uric acid, a risk factor of stone formation, seems to be a potent antioxidant that can protect cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. This study was intended to evaluate the role of uric acid in stone formers by assessing the oxidative stress status of the stone patients. METHODS: Determination of urinary stone forming risk factors and oxidative stress factors like plasma lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls of stone formers and histopathological changes and uric acid deposition in stone patients kidney biopsy were studied. RESULTS: Increased concentrations of urinary uric acid and oxalate in both uric acid as well as calcium oxalate stone formers were observed, whereas calcium is increased in calcium stone formers and not in the uric acid stone patients. Inhibitors such as citrate and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were found to be significantly decreased in all the stone patients. Histopathological studies confirmed the deposition of crystals in the damaged tubules and De Galantha staining authenticates that the damage is caused due to uric acid crystals. Increased oxidative stress is dictated by the concentrations of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in stone formers. Moreover, increased activities of urinary marker enzymes substantiate the tubular damage. CONCLUSION: We speculated that uric acid acts as a calculi forming salt rather than an antioxidant and it has no role in preventing oxidative stress pertaining to urolithiasis.     

Effet de Parietaria officinalis sur la cristallisation de l’oxalate de calcium, dans l’urine

In Algeria, the traditional medicine is still widely sought by people with the use of medicinal plants based on recommendations made by it and thereby. The Parietaria officinalis known in Algeria as the common name of Jigsaw stones “fattatet l’hdjar” is commonly recommended in the treatment of urinary stones, whatever the type. This study aims to determine the effect of Parietaria officinalis on oxalo-dependent calcium oxalate crystallization, induced by addition of oxalate in urine of healthy subjects. It appears that in this biological model which is the total urine, the infusion of Parietaria taken at different concentrations, has properties controversial: it is inhibiting the crystallization of monohydrate calcium oxalate and enhances the crystallization of dihydrate calcium oxalate.     

Postoperative rehabilitation of senile fracture of neck of femur

Background:Thesenliewithfracturerestinbedforalongtime,andhaven'tsufficientfunctionexercise,allabovewillleadtoosteoporosis,badrepairofbonetissue,muscleatrophyandjointstiffnessoccurs,whichbringsufferingandenconomicburden.Objective:Tosummarizetheeffectofpostoperativefunctionexercisesonrecoveryoffractureofneckoffemur.Unit:OrthopedicsHospitalofShenyang.Subjects:Therewere86patientsoffractureofneckoffemur,including52males,34famles,aged60-84years,average72years.Accordingtopositionoffractureline:sub…     

Analysis of rehabilitation treatment of slippage of lumbar vertebrae

INTRODUCTIONSlippageoflumbarvertebraeisasecondcommondiseaseafterprotrusionofintervertebraldiscs.Althoughsomepatientswerecuredbyconservativetherapy,surgicaltreatmentisneededinsomecases犤1犦.FromMarch1994toMarch2001,weusedstealplateinternalfixationtotreat18casesofslippageandtheeffectwasobvious.Thefollowingisthereport.MATERIALSANDMETHODSMaterial18patientswereinvolvedincluding10malesand8femalesaged41-64(mean:46)years.Slippagelocus:L4-5,11cases;L5-S1,7cases.Clinicalmanifestation:all…     

Series of spinal balance therapy in treatment of 196 cases of protrusion of intervertebraldisc

Background：Protrusionofintervertebraldiscwasaclinicalsyndromresultedfromintervertevraldiscdegeneration，fibrousringrupture，protrusionofpulpiformnucleusthatstimulateandcom－pressesnerveroot，andcomprehensiveconservativetherapywasoftenadopted．Inthisgroupofdata，１９６casesofprotrusionofinterverte－braldisctreatedbyseriesofspinalbalancetherapywerecollectedfromJanuary２０００toDecember２００１．Objective：Toinvestigateeffectofseriesofspinalbalancetherapyintreatmentofprotrusionofintervertebrald…     

Experience of prevention and treatment of deep burn of hand

INTRODUCTIONHowtopreventhanddeformitycausedbyburn,restoreappearanceandworkingabilityhasbeenalwaysthemainproblem,thefollow-ingisthereportaboutcausesofdeformityandexperienceofpre-ventionandtreatment.GENERALDATA2037casesofburntreatedfromJanuary1997toOctober2002amongincluding957casesofburnofhandsandtheincidencewas46.9%amongwhichwere229casesofdeepburnand195pa-tientsreceivedearlysurgicaltreatment.6patients(15fingers)un-derwentfingeramputation.38casesneededplasticsbecauseofscardeformityinlat…     

The rehabilitation treatment of senile fracture of neck of femur

BACKGROUND: Despite of treatment of operation or routine conservation, special psychological and physical characteristics, osteoporosis, recession of muscular strength and long braked time on bed often cause retrograde degeneration of muscle and skeleton and the complications of delayed recovery and other diseases. To above problems, a series of continuous ways of functional rehabilitation are applied and satisfactory effects are achieved.     

Appliance of Tenor system in treatment of fissural olisthe of isthmus of lumbar vertebra

BACKGROUND: Application of Tenor system and is to decompress nerve root, reduction of olisthe, internal fixation and auto-grafts are to restore anatomic structure and stability of spinal column.OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of Tenor system on fissural olisthe of isthmus of lumbar vertebra.UNIT: Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Armed Police     

Analysis of difficulty of urination following transurethral electrovaporisation of the prostate

INTRODUCTIONDifficultyofurinationiscommonaftertransurethralelectrovaporisationoftheprostate(TuVP),whichinflictspatientsphysiologicallyandpsychologically.MATERIALSANDMETHODS78patientswithbenignprostatehyperplasiareceivedourtreatmentafterTuVpduring2000and2001.Thesepatientswereof62-84yearsold,withmeanageof72.3.Thefollowupvariedbetween1-2years,averagely1.4years.8casesdevelopeddifficultyinurination,andtheinvolvedcausesweredefinedbyusingfiberscopeofbladderandurethra.Treatmentwascarrie…     

Promoting effect of limb functional exercises on recovery of senile fracture of neck of femur

BACKGROUND：Senilefractureofneckoffemurneedsalong－termrecoveryoutofhospitalevenafterclinicalcure，soclinicalnursingandrehabilitationinstructionareveryimportant．OBJECTIVE：Toobservetheeffectsoflimbfunctionalexer－cisesonsenilefractureofneckoffemur．UNIT：SecondDepartmentofSurgery，People＇sHospitalofFeichengSUBJECTS：２９patientswereinvestigatedfrom１９９９to２００１inourdepartmentincluding１２malesand１７femaleswith１５pa－tientsaged７０－７９yearsoldand１４patientsaged８０－８…     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on healing of chronic ulcer of skin

INTRODUCTIONAtpresent,treatmentofchroniculcerofskininclinicisverydifficult.Effectofcomprehensivetreatmentbyhyperbaricoxygenonchroniculcerisobvious.MATERIALSANDMETHODSMaterials80patientstreatedbyhyperbaricoxygeninourhospitalfromFebruary1987toDecember2000wereinvestigatedincluding59malesand21femalesaged17-72(mean:40)yearswithdiseascourse,1monthto30years.Ulcerareawas1-13cm2andulcelocatedatleftlowerlimb,21cases;bothlimbs,15cases;sacraportion,19cases.Causes:Varicosisoflowerlimbs,23case…