早期内镜胆总管Oddi括约肌切开术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的：探讨早期内镜胆总管Oddi括约肌切开术(EWT)治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法：对42例经内镜胆总管Oddi括约肌切开术和经内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)等内镜技术治疗的急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床资料进行分析。结果：42例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者，经内镜Oddi括约肌切开后4l例得到治愈，l例先天性胆总管囊肿、胆胰管合流异常的病例在EST和ENBD后病情缓解，但3月后再次发生急性胰腺炎．经胆总管囊肿切除后才治愈。22例急性胆管炎经ENBD后也迅速缓解，26例胆总管结石在EST后结石自行排出或用网蓝取出；20例胆囊结石在胰腺炎治愈后择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术，消除胰腺炎的诱发因素。结论：内镜治疗直接针对胆源性胰腺炎的发病原因，解除胆胰管开口的梗阻，排除梗阻因素，通畅胆胰液的引流，降低胆胰管内压，起到了良好的治疗作用，有助于防止轻症胰腺炎向重症转化，是临床上治疗胆源性胰腺炎的一种有价值的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨应用腹腔镜技术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的可行性、安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析 2006年1月～2010年9月收治的急性胆源性胰腺炎42例患者,对26例有急性胆道梗阻者,24例行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术、胆总管切开取石T管引流、和(或)胰床清创引流术.术后予以腹腔灌洗.2例急诊鼻胆管引流(ENBD)后择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC);对16例无胆道梗阻或经36h保守治疗胆道梗阻缓解者,待胰腺炎控制后,在同一住院期间行腹腔镜手术.结果 急诊手术的24例患者中,20例胆总管探查有结石,4例探查阴性.延期手术18例中,6例合并胆总管结石者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术.12例胆囊结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC).42例均治愈.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎能减少对患者的创伤,减少并发症发 生率,疗效好,是一种合适的治疗方法.     

急性微小结石性胰腺炎的内镜治疗和时机探讨

目的微小结石引发的急性胰腺炎早期较为隐匿,探讨内镜治疗时机及对该病的进展和预后影响。方法急性胰腺炎入院后给予常规内镜检查和乳头切开,收集胆汁进行显微镜检,观察缓解和复发情况。结果在完成的急性胰腺炎内镜治疗120例患者中发现23例单独存在胆汁中有微小结石,而超声、CT、MRI均为阴性,发病率19.2%,缓解率91.3%,急诊手术1例,无复发病例。结论微小结石引发的急性胰腺炎应尽早施行内镜检查确诊和治疗。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的早期内镜介入治疗

急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）是临床常见的急症。十二指肠镜技术在胆总管结石的治疗及腹腔镜在胆囊结石中的应用已取得较好疗效。近年来，随着内镜诊疗技术的提高，两镜联合微创治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎是热门课题。作者总结2005年1月-2006年12月收治的64例胆源性胰腺炎患者，经内镜治疗，即经十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（EST）、内镜鼻胆引流术（ENBD）、内镜逆行胆管引流术（ERBD）及腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC），疗效满意。现将结果报告如下。[第一段]     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的早期内镜介入治疗

<正>急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)是临床常见的急症。十二指肠镜技术在胆总管结石的治疗及腹腔镜在胆囊结石中的应用已取得较好疗效。近年来,随着内镜诊疗技术的提高,两镜联合微创治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎是热门课题。作者总结2005年1月～2006年12月收治的64例胆源性胰腺炎患者,经内镜治疗,即经十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)、内镜鼻胆引流术(ENBD)、内镜逆行胆管引流术(ERBD)及腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),疗效满意。现将结果报告如下。     

三镜联合治疗胆总管结石并急性胆管炎(附45例报告)

目的 总结内镜下鼻胆管引流术、腹腔镜胆总管探查术及术中胆道镜取石联合治疗的方法及应用价值.方法 回顾分析该院45例采用术前内镜下鼻胆管引流术+腹腔镜胆总管探查+术中胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石并急性胆管炎患者的资料.结果 所有患者均顺利置入鼻胆引流管,病情均缓解,术中取尽胆总管结石.1例有胆总管结石残留,在十二指肠镜下网篮取石成功.LCBDE术后残石率为2.4%.无胆道出血、胆漏、胰腺炎及胆道狭窄等并发症发生,无围手术期死亡.结论 三镜联合在治疗胆总管结石并急性胆管炎中效果好、并发症少,值得推广.     

三镜联合治疗胆囊及胆总管结石并发症的护理

目的探讨三镜联合治疗胆囊及胆总管结石的术后并发症及护理措施。方法对25例胆囊合并胆总管结石的患者行三镜（十二指肠镜、胆道镜及腹腔镜）联合胆总管探查术，并对术后并发症资料作护理分析。结果本组25例病人中术后并发急性胰腺炎1例，内镜术后出血1例，肩背部酸痛2例，伤口疼痛4例。结论三镜联合胆总管探查术治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石是一安全有效的微创手术方法。     

双镜联合治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎并胆总管一期缝合疗效观察

目的：观察十二指肠镜下鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）和腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石并胆管一期缝合术联合治疗胆总管结石引起的急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的疗效。方法：对9例胆总管结石引起的梗阻性急性化脓性胆管炎患者急诊行十二指肠镜下鼻导管引流术，病情平稳后行腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石、胆总管切口一期吻合术。结果：所有病例ENBD术均成功，术后2－4d体温和血象恢复正常，血胆红素明显下降；引流5－6d后拟施腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石、胆总管切口一期吻合术，除1例中转开腹，其余8例均成功，6－7d拔除鼻胆管，无1例发生胆瘘。结论：ENBD、腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石引起的急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎并行胆总管一期缝合术具有安全、有效、微创、不留置T管等优点。     

十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的 观察十二指肠镜下行胆总管取石或内支架引流后.再行腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗胆源性胰腺炎的长期疗效.方法 72例合并有胆囊结石的急性胰腺炎患者分成治疗组(40例)和对照组(32例),治疗组患者先行十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP),根据胆管造影结果 ,采取乳头切开(EST)、胆管取石或胆管内支架引流术.患者在行十二指肠镜手术治疗病情稳定后,再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),对照组患者行内科保守治疗.结果 治疗组患者行ERCP,诊断为胆总管小结石13例,胆总管末端炎症性狭窄12例,胆总管未见异常15例,12例胆总管末端炎症性狭窄患者行EST或胆管内支架引流术,另28例患者均行乳头切开.LC术36例,4例失败转手术,所有患者在出院后随访2年,治疗组患者治疗后2年内未见再发急性胰腺炎患者,对照组患者内科保守治疗后2年内有40.6%(13/32)患者再发急性胰腺炎.结论 对于合并有胆囊结石的急性胆源性胰腺炎患者,通过十二指肠镜行乳头切开取石或胆管内支架引流治疗急性胰腺炎,再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,比对照组能够有效的预防急性胰腺炎的发作.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆总管残余微小结石16例的诊断及处理分析,

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后避免漏诊胆总管微小结石的手段和方法.方法 回顾性分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术3106例,术后发现胆总管残余微小结石16例.结果 经十二指肠镜逆行胆管造影发现单发结石11例,二块以上者5例,结石直径3～5 mm,平均4 mm,11例行十二指肠乳头切开术(EST)后取石,5例行气囊扩张十二指乳头扩约肌后取石.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术后出现发烧,上腹痛,常规B超、CT不能发现病变时应及时行EKCP检查,可发现胆总管残余微小结石,经内镜取石是有效的治疗方法.     

Therapeutic pancreatic endoscopy

Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has established itself as a valuable tool for the treatment of a variety of biliary tract disorders. Fueled by an ever-increasing demand for minimally invasive therapy, pancreatic endoscopy was the logical frontier for expansion of therapeutic ERCP. Endoscopic treatment of benign pancreatic disorders can be a cost-effective alternative to more invasive radiological or surgical methods. Conditions such as acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic calculi, and pseudocysts can in many cases be managed endoscopically. This review summarizes the current state of the art in therapeutic pancreatic endoscopy.     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2009年1月-2010年12月腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合十二指肠镜治疗35例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料.所有患者均采取经十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP),内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST),取出胆总管结石,放置胆道塑料支架引流(ERBD).ERCP后3d内行LC,术后4d出院.出院后1～2周内再次行十二指肠镜取出胆道支架并行ERCP了解胆管有无残余结石.结果:35例患者均1次取净胆总管结石,1例EST术中出血,34例成功行LC,1例中转开腹行胆囊切除术.术后并发急性胰腺炎2例,所有患者均无胆漏、十二指肠穿孔、黄疸等并发症.结论:腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石具有疗效确切、创伤小、恢复快等优点.     

Rôle diagnostique de l’écho-endoscopie dans la pancréatite aiguë

In approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis, a cause is not established by history, physical examination, routine laboratory testing or abdominal imaging. Recent studies suggest that microlithiasis is causative in up to 60% of patients with an unexplained acute pancreatitis (UAP) and gallbladder in situ. In the others, many factors play an etiological role in idiopathic pancreatitis, including pancreatic tumors, early chronic pancreatitis, pancreas divisum or annular pancreas, choledochocele, intraductal papillary mucinous tumours (IPMT), an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction or sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). The close proximity of the endoscopic ultrasound probe (EUS) to the pancreas and biliary tract results in superior spatial resolution compared with CT scan and MRI. The diagnostic yield of EUS in unexplained acute pancreatitis is 80%. EUS appears to be diagnostic in the majority of patients with previously unexplained pancreatitis and offers an alternative to MRI and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as the initial diagnostic test in patients with unexplained acute pancreatitis.     

胆道微结石在急性胆管炎中的临床意义

目的:探讨胆道微结石在急性胆管炎中的临床意义。方法:收集54例急性胆管炎患者,通过经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)或内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)收集胆汁,通过普通和偏振光显微镜查找微结石。结果:54例急性胆管炎患者中,3例ERCP失败,其余均插管成功。其中35例胆总管结石或扩张,4例胆总管下端炎性狭窄,12例未见明显异常。在35例胆总管结石中,29例发现胆道微结石,4例胆总管炎性狭窄的患者中,3例发现胆道微结石。在12例ERCP阴性胆管炎患者中,9例发现了胆道微结石(大多为胆固醇单水结晶),3组之间两两比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:(1)在急性胆管炎中,ERCP联合微结石检测可以提高胆道结石的诊断率。(2)胆道微结石与急性胆管炎的发病密切相关。     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜和胆道镜联合治疗胆道结石

目的 探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石、乳头狭窄、结石性胰腺炎等的微创外科治疗。方法 先行十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）＋乳头括约肌切开（EST）＋网篮取石（ESR）＋内镜鼻胆管外引流术（ENBD），术后3—7d再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）及术中胆道镜取石治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石、乳头狭窄、结石性胰腺炎286例，其中胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石214例、肝外胆管结石＋乳头炎性狭窄39例、单纯乳头炎性狭窄22例、结石性胰腺炎28例。结果 ERCP成功率100％，EST成功率96．2％，tc（除外2例中转开腹）及术中胆道镜全部成功，无严重并发症发生。结论 十二指肠镜、腹腔镜和术中胆道镜联合治疗复杂性胆道结石，达到了治疗该类疾病的最小创伤，是目前治疗复杂性胆道结石的理想选择。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的急诊内镜治疗

目的：探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎的急诊内镜治疗的方法。方法：36例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者接受急诊经内镜逆行胆道造影和乳头括约肌切开并取石，35例治疗成功。结果：24例轻型胰腺炎经内镜治疗后均得到治愈，11例重症胰腺炎中8例缓解，2例因胰腺脓肿接受开腹手术，1例死于呼吸衰竭。结论：内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎具有操作简单、安全、有效等优点，是胆源性胰腺炎较为理想的治疗方法。     

The role of ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in gallstone-related pancreatitis

Summary

Laparoscopic surgery has become the routine for elective cholecystectomy, but its place in the management of gallstone-related pancreatitis has not yet been identified. We prospectively assessed a minimally invasive treatment regime for gallstone pancreatitis combining endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, over a 24 month period. Twenty-two patients were found to have gallstone pancreatitis. The mean age was 52 ± 18 years. All patients presented with abdominal pain. Five were jaundiced. The Ranson score severity of pancreatitis averaged 1.6 (range 0–6). Our management protocol was to perform ERCP when clinical and biochemical markers had settled, followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the same admission. The time interval between presentation and ERCP was 8.9d (range 2–15d), ERCP to surgery was 4.5d (range 2–35d) and surgery to discharge was 4d (range 1–21 d). The median hospital stay was 16d. ERCP showed stones in the common bile duct in five patients, four of whom had them removed at ERCP. Twenty patients underwent laparoscopy. The gallbladder was removed in 18 and two required conversion (one pseudocyst, one cystic artery bleed). Two patients had elective open cholecystectomy (one pseudocyst, one previous surgery). Only one patient developed a post-operative complication (pseudocyst). The majority of patients had multiple small stones in their gallbladder and it was not possible to predict the presence of common bile duct stones prior to ERCP. No patient developed post-operative pancreatitis. There was no mortality. This study shows that combined ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an efficient and safe minimally invasive management for gallstone pancreatitis.     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床分析

目的探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法 22例胆源性胰腺炎患者于入院后48小时内行ERCP,20例同期接受内科保守治疗的胆源性胰腺炎患者作为对照组,观察两组腹痛缓解时间、血清淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间、肠道恢复通气时间、费用及并发症发生情况。结果 ERCP组治疗成功率为100%,未发生与内镜操作相关的严重并发症及死亡病例;ERCP组腹痛缓解时间、住院时间、肠道恢复通气时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间均明显少于对照组,腹痛缓解时间（60.4±11.4）小时vs（88.6±18.5）小时、住院时间（11.4±2.1）天vs（18.3±3.5）天、肠道恢复通气时间（4.4±1.5）天vs（7.8±2.3）天、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间（5.7±1.8）天vs（8.5±3.1）天（P〈0.05或〈0.01）;ERCP组住院费用亦明显少于对照组（P〈0.01）;两组第1天血清淀粉酶指标、并发症发生率及白细胞恢复正常时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行ERCP安全有效,ERCP是治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎理想的方法。     

Value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in determining the cause but not course of acute pancreatitis.

We have recently shown that ERCP is the most useful technique for detecting a biliary origin of acute pancreatitis and can be done without side effects. We now report on a second series of 50 patients with acute pancreatitis in whom ERCP, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and clinical and laboratory assessment were performed within the first 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization. A score for ERCP, CT and US was used to assess the severity of the disease. Patients were followed up until discharge or death and their condition classified according to outcome as mild (less than or equal to 1 complication), severe (greater than 1 complication) or fatal. ERCP was superior in detecting choledochal stones (ERCP 100%, US 25%, CT 50%) and dilated intrahepatic ducts (ERCP 75%, US 75%, CT 37%) but not gallbladder stones (ERCP 70%, US 100%, CT 60%). When the ERCP severity score was calculated there was no relevant difference between patients thereafter having a mild course (0.66 +/- 0.91, range 0-3), a severe course (1.3 +/- 0.80, range 0-3), or a fatal outcome (1.0 +/- 1.1, range 0-3). In contrast, the CT score was different in all three groups (mild: 3.0 +/- 1.9; severe: 5.3 +/- 3.2; lethal: 6.3 +/- 3.1) as was the US score (mild: 1.5 +/- 1.3; severe: 3.2 +/- 2.3; lethal: 4.4 +/- 1.4). It is concluded from these results that ERCP is of value in defining the origin of acute pancreatitis. When a biliary origin is detected this can lead to immediate treatment using endoscopic sphincterotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

急性胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗的临床评价

目的 评价急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）治疗的安全性和临床疗效。方法 对58例急性胆源性胰腺炎住院患者，早期行ERCP检查和治疗，观察其疗效和并发症，评价急性胆源性胰腺炎患者内镜治疗的安全性和疗效。结果 本组58例患者均治愈，无严重并发症发生，未见因ERCP检查和治疗而使病情加重者。结论 早期内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎具有微创、安全有效，快速解除胆道急性梗阻及防止胆汁胰管反流的特点，可使急性胆源性胰腺炎和临床怀疑为胆源性胰腺炎的患者得到及时正确的诊治，以阻止病情进一步向重型发展。