脑卒中发病危险性及其严重程度与高同型半胱氨酸血症的关系

目的:研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与缺血性脑血管病的关系,以及Hcy对其严重程度的影响。方法:采用荧光偏振免疫分析方法测定55例缺血性脑血管病患者和34例健康者血浆Hcy水平,同时记录入院时神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS评分),脑血管病组测量血压、血糖、Hcy并进行多元线性回归分析,分析它们之间的关系。结果:①病例组与对照组的血浆Hcy水平差异有显著性意义(t=3.018,P<0.01),病例组(16.76±14.77)μmol/L高于对照组(10.49±3.43)μmol/L。②脑血管病组中伴有高血压、糖尿病者和正常者的血浆Hcy水平差异无显著性意义。③脑血管病组中高Hcy血症者和正常Hcy者的入院评分差异有显著性意义;伴有高血压、糖尿病者和血压、血糖正常者的入院评分差异无显著性意义。④脑血管病组做血压、血糖、Hcy多元线性回归分析时,Hcy与脑卒中入院评分存在线性关系。结论:高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性脑血管病的危险性增加有关,并且增加其严重程度。     

脑卒中发病危险性及其严重程度与高同型半胱氨酸血症的关系

目的：研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与缺血性脑血管病的关系，以及Hcy对其严重程度的影响。方法：采用荧光偏振免疫分析方法测定55例缺血性脑血管病患者和34例健康者血浆Hcy水平，同时记录入院时神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS评分)，脑血管病组测量血压、血糖、Hcy并进行多元线性回归分析，分析它们之间的关系。结果：①病例组与对照组的血浆Hcy水平差异有显著性意义(t=3．018，P&;lt;0．01)，病例组(16．76&;#177;14．77)μmol／L高于对照组(10．49&;#177;3．43)μmol／L。②脑血管病组中伴有高血压、糖尿病者和正常者的血浆Hcy水平差异无显著性意义。③脑血管病组中高Hcy血症者和正常Hcy者的人院评分差异有显著性意义；伴有高血压、糖尿病者和血压、血糖正常者的入院评分差异无显著性意义。④脑血管病组做血压、血糖、Hcy多元线性回归分析时，Hcy与脑卒中入院评分存在线性关系。结论：高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性脑血管病的危险性增加有关，并且增加其严重程度。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性卒中的关系探讨

目的：探讨高同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）血症与脑梗死的关系。方法：测定84例急性缺血性卒中患者与70例健康体检者血液同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平比较,并对脑卒中传统危险因素进行相关分析。结果：急性缺血性卒中组Hcy明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。病例组中Hcy水平与血压、血脂、血糖高低及脑梗死病灶的大小无明显相关性,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性卒中发生成正相关,是脑梗死发生的一个独立危险因素。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症致脑血管病机制研究

目的：探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症（hyperhomocysteinemia，HH）引起脑血管病的致病机制及酒精导致脑血管病的原因。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附试验测量90例急性脑卒中患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）水平。将研究对象分为出血性卒中组与缺血性卒中组、高同型半胱氨酸血症组和同型半胱氨酸正常组、饮酒组和非饮酒组．分别比较白细胞、单核细胞和血浆Hcy水平。结果：HH组与Hcy正常组相比白细胞及单核细胞含量明显升高．差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）。饮酒组血浆Hcy含量明显高于不摄人酒精者（P〈0．05）。结论：Hcy可以刺激人外周血单核细胞表达，从而参与动脉粥样硬化的发病，研究还发现酗酒患者可通过增加血浆Hcy水平而增加脑血管病发病风险。     

同型半胱氨酸在脑血管疾病中的表达及意义

目的通过研究脑血管病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）的表达水平,探讨Hcy与脑血管疾病之间的关系。方法选择2012年9月至2014年1月来我院治疗的脑血管病患者91例,设为脑血管病组,其中60例脑梗死患者设为脑梗死组,31例脑出血患者设为脑出血组,另选择30例健康查体者作为对照组。采用全自动免疫分析仪测定受试者空腹血浆Hcy水平,并进行比较分析。结果脑梗死组患者及脑出血组患者血浆Hcy表达水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,脑梗死组患者与脑出血组患者血浆Hcy水平比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）;脑梗死组与脑出血组患者高同型半胱氨酸血症（Hhcy）的发生率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高血浆同型半胱氨酸与脑血管疾病密切相关,脑血管病患者需要及时检测Hcy水平。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸及亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法急性缺血性脑卒中患者148例为缺血性脑卒中组,同时健康体检者100例为对照组。患者入院后行血压、血糖、血脂等常规检查。清晨空腹取肘静脉血5 mL,EDTA抗凝后离心10 min,分离上层血浆,检测Hcy水平;中层白细胞4℃保存,3 d内行基因组DNA提取。结果缺血性脑卒中组患者血浆Hcy水平为(15.9±1.9)μmol/L,对照组血浆Hcy水平为(12.0±1.1)μmol/L,2组比较有显著差异。缺血性脑卒中组的高Hcy血症患者比率为39.3%,明显高于对照组中高Hcy血症患者比率(19.0%)。2组T/T纯合子组的血浆Hcy水平均明显高于非T/T纯合子组。结论缺血性脑卒中与高Hcy血症相关,MTH-FR基因对血浆Hcy水平影响显著。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与缺血性脑血管病的关系

高同型半胱氨酸血症是指血浆或血清中游离及与蛋白结合的同型半胱氨酸和混合性二硫化物含量增高。正常空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)的总量为5～ 15 μmol/ L,高于此范围称为高同型半胱氨酸血症。随着人们对 Hcy代谢及其作用的深入认识 ,Hcy在脑血管病中的致病作用日益受到重视。本研究的目的在于探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症与急性缺血性脑血管病的关系。1　资料与方法1.1　病例组入选标准 :1首次急性脑卒中发病 (除外血管性痴呆 )来我院就诊并住院治疗者 5 5例 ,临床诊断均经头颅CT和 (或 ) MRI检查确诊 ,符合全国第四届脑血管病学术会议制订…     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与脑梗死的关系

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与脑梗死之间的关系.方法:采用化学发光分析法检测70例脑梗死患者的Hcy,并与60例同龄体检者比较.结果:脑梗死组Hcy水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),脑梗死组异常发生率为64.3%,对照组为11.7%,差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论:高同型半胱氨酸血症是脑梗死的危险因素之一.     

中青年缺血性脑血管病与血浆高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年缺血性脑血管病与血浆高同型半胱氨酸血症之间的相关性。方法纳入本院2014年1月~2015年11月确诊为脑梗死的中青年患者50例,短暂性脑缺血组50例,健康对照组50例,分别于确诊后检查各组的血浆高同型半胱氨酸水平及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率,分析高同型半胱氨酸血症与中青年缺血性脑血管病之间的相关性。结果脑梗死组和短暂性脑缺血组中青年患者的同型半胱氨酸明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);脑梗死组和短暂性脑缺血组中青年患者的高同型半胱氨酸血症的发病率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论同型半胱氨酸是中青年人群中导致脑血管病倾向的指标,可作为缺血性脑血管病的危险因素,对预测、预后及指导治疗中青年脑血管病具有积极的作用。     

同型半胱氨酸表达水平对缺血性脑卒中神经功能缺损程度的影响

目的 观察和分析同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）表达水平对急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者神经功能缺损程度的影响。方法 选取300例 AIS 患者作为研究对象,在入院时,应用改良 Rankin 评分（mRS）将纳入的患者分为轻症组（mRS 评分≤3分）和重症组（mRS 评分＞3分）,两组分别纳入202例和98例患者。对两组患者血液标本中的 Hcy、血糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇等指标进行检测和比较,并对两组患者中高同型半胱氨酸血症的发病率进行比较。结果 重症组患者的血浆 Hcy 水平显著高于轻症组患者（P ＜0．05）,两组患者中高同型半胱氨酸血症的发病率分别为38．8％和9．4％,重症组显著高于轻症组（P ＜0．05）;患者入院时的神经功能缺损程度与其血浆 Hcy 水平（r ＝0．453,P ＜0.05）、血压水平（r＝0．461,P ＜0．05）、胆固醇水平（r＝0．385,P ＜0．05）、血糖水平（r＝0．059,P ＜0．05）均呈正相关关系。结论 血浆 Hcy 水平的上升可能是与 AIS 患者神经功能缺损症状相关的因素,高血浆 Hcy 水平、高血压、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病均是与 AIS 患者神经功能缺损症状具有相关关系的危险因素。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.