术前MRI预测肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的研究进展

微血管侵犯(microvascular invasion,MVI)是影响肝细胞癌术后复发及转移的重要因素之一,与患者预后及治疗密切相关.然而MVI只能通过病理学确诊,通过MRI检查精确预测MVI对选择治疗措施及改善患者预后具有重要意义及发展前景.目前已经提出了较多基于MRI检查的成像特征用于MVI的预测,包括肿瘤大小、...     

联合微血流成像的超声多模态检查对肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯的预测研究

目的探讨术前超声多模态检查预测肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯的价值。方法对肝细胞肝癌患者术前进行超声微血流成像及超声造影检查。对可能与微血管侵犯有关的超声特征及临床实验室资料进行单因素及多因素分析。结果 92例患者入组,其中有微血管侵犯者49例。AFP水平(P=0.005)、肝炎分级(P=0.025)、肿瘤大小(P=0.044)、微血流分级(P=0.001)、微血流分布(P=0.001)在有无微血管侵犯不同组中差异有统计学意义。联合多风险因子预测微血管侵犯价值高于各单一变量(P0.01)。结论超声术前评估肿瘤大小及微血流分级与分布对预测肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯有一定价值,联合患者AFP水平可提高预测效能。     

多模态MRI术前诊断肝细胞癌微血管浸润应用进展

肝细胞癌（HCC）微血管浸润（MVI）是影响肿瘤术后复发及患者预后的重要因素。术前明确诊断MVI对改善HCC预后意义重大。目前诊断MVI主要依据HCC术后组织病理学检查,难以满足术前诊断的需要。随着影像学技术的发展,临床已将DWI、扩散峰度成像、体素内不相干运动、增强MRI及MRI影像组学分析等多模态MRI技术应用于术前诊断MVI。本文对上述多模态MRI应用于HCC术前诊断MVI的进展进行综述。     

肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯术前影像学预测研究进展

微血管侵犯（Microvascular invasion, MVI）是肝细胞肝癌（Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC）的一种侵袭性行为，与HCC患者预后及治疗后复发直接相关。术前无创性精准预测MVI，对于选取合理的治疗方案，提高患者预后具有重要意义。目前临床尚无公认的MVI术前诊断指标，随着医学影像学技术的迅猛发展，MVI术前影像学预测成为当下研究热点，本文就肝癌MVI术前影像学预测研究进展进行综述。     

影像学术前预测肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯研究进展

微血管侵犯（MVI）是肝细胞肝癌（HCC）的侵袭性行为之一，与患者预后及治疗后复发相关。术前无创性精准预测MVI对合理选择治疗方案及改善预后具有重要意义。对于术前诊断MVI目前尚无公认标准，术前影像学预测MVI是当前研究热点。本文就影像学术前预测MVI研究进展进行综述。     

磁共振成像鉴别肝细胞癌和肝内胆管细胞癌的研究进展

肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌的治疗方式和预后差异巨大,因此治疗前准确鉴别这两种肿瘤意义重大.随着磁共振技术的发展,扩散加权成像、基于MRI的影像组学、PET-MRI和磁共振弹性成像等MRI新技术较传统MRI可以更加全面的评估两种肿瘤,提高准确率.本文就MRI鉴别肝细胞癌和肝内胆管细胞癌的进展进行综述.     

预测肝癌微血管侵犯及早期复发的临床研究

目的探讨预测肝癌患者微血管侵犯的因素,并探讨影响肝癌患者术后早期复发的因素。方法回顾性分析147例肝癌根治性切除患者的临床病理特征。其中,有微血管侵犯的患者93例(甲组),无微血管侵犯的患者54例(乙组)。单因素及多因素分析预测微血管侵犯及早期复发的因素,随访患者术后无瘤生存期,分析预测术后早期复发的因素,ROC曲线评价预测微血管侵犯和预测术后早期复发的因素。结果 Logistic回归分析提示肿瘤直径是预测肝癌微血管侵犯的独立因素;ROC曲线下面积为0.823,肿瘤直径越大越容易出现微血管侵犯(P<0.001)。Cox回归分析提示肿瘤大体分型、微血管侵犯是预测肝癌患者术后早期复发(<2年)的独立因素,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.695,0.727。肿瘤大体分型级别越高或存在微血管侵犯的患者,手术后易早期复发(P<0.001)。结论术前明确肿瘤分型,预测肝癌微血管侵犯可以推测患者预后,并对术后治疗有一定的指导作用。     

肝细胞癌的MRI诊断

目的：提高MRI对肝细胞癌的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。通过分析MRI征象，建立肝细胞癌的MRI信号变化模式。材料与方法：28例肝细胞癌患者均接受MRI检查。男24例，女4例，年龄32～80岁，平均52岁。检查使用0．5T超导型MR成像系统。常规SE序列T1W成像．TSE序列T2W双回波成像。采用双盲法作前瞻性回顾分析。结果：MRI能清楚显示肝细胞癌的部位，大小、形态、数目，与周围组织关系及继发改变。其MR信号变化具有一定特征性，即T1WI多呈低信号强度，T2WI第一回波（PDWI）呈稍高信号强度或等信号强度，T2WI第二回波多呈不均质性稍高信号强度。结论：根据MRI表现，尤其是信号变化特征，对肝细胞癌能作出定性诊断。并建议把SE序列T1WI，TSE序列T2WI双回波成像技术作为肝细胞癌的常规和首选检查方法。     

基于术前超声影像量化特征的粗梁团块型肝细胞癌区分

目的 使用术前超声影像量化特征建立粗梁团块型肝癌区分模型。方法 回顾性收集我院2017年8月1日至2020年10月1日经手术切除治疗的肝细胞癌患者。经过临床信息可用性筛选及病理切片再阅后产生研究队列并按70%：30%比例产生训练集及验证集。提取训练集术前超声影像量化特征并进行χ_²值排序法筛选。使用随机森林法训练粗梁团块型肝癌区分模型后在验证集上评估建模性能。结果 共纳入79例粗梁团块型及其他类型肝细胞癌。术前AFP水平、Edmondson-Steiner分化分级、卫星灶情况、微血管侵犯情况在粗梁团块型及其他类型肝细胞癌中存在统计学差异,年龄、性别、HBV感染情况不具有统计学显著的组间差异。特征筛选算法选择高维纹理特征进行亚型预测,最终随机森林模型在验证集上AUC=0.895、准确度为0.833、精确度为0.833、灵敏度为60%、特异度为89.5%。结论 使用术前超声影像量化特征可建立粗梁团块型肝癌区分模型,具有高特异度并有望与其他模态区分模型互补,改善肝细胞癌患者预后。     

临床路径在肝细胞癌手术患者中的应用体会

目的探讨在肝细胞癌手术患者治疗中实施临床路径的应用和效果。方法2012年6~10月收治的120例肝细胞癌患者实施临床路径(观察组),2012年1~5月收治的120例肝细胞癌患者不实施临床路径(对照组),比较2组患者的住院日、术前等待时间、住院费用、患者满意度。结果实施临床路径后,肝细胞癌患者的住院日、术前等待时间、平均住院费用均较前减少,患者满意度较前增加。结论在肝细胞癌手术治疗中实施临床路径有效降低了患者的住院天数及住院费用,减少了患者术前的等待时间,提升了患者的满意度。     

肝癌肝移植术前和术中癌细胞血行转移与肿瘤分化、微血管侵犯相关性研究

目的:探讨检测血播散肝癌细胞内AFP-mRNA评估肝癌肝移植术前和术中微转移与肿瘤分化、微血管侵犯的相关性。方法:采用RT-PCR联合荧光标记探针杂交法定量检测30例血清AFP阳性肝癌肝移植患者术前、术中血播散肝癌细胞内AFP-mRNA,病理分析肿瘤分化程度及微血管侵犯。结果:30例肝癌肝移植术前与术中肺动脉、外周动脉、外周静脉、门静脉血中播散肝癌细胞内AFP-mRNA阳性率以及拷贝数有显著差异(P<0.05);术前、中肿瘤播散组与无肿瘤播散组的微血管侵犯有显著差异(P<0.01);术前肿瘤播散组与术前无肿瘤播散组肿瘤分化无显著差异(P>0.05);术中肿瘤播散组与术中肿瘤无播散组肿瘤分化有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:RT-PCR联合荧光标记探针杂交法能够检测到肝癌患者血液中播散肿瘤细胞,并且以肺动脉血阳性率最高;肝移植手术过程可以引起肿瘤细胞播散,且与肿瘤分化、微血管侵犯相关。     

Tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma

Three tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are available in Japan: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II (PIVKA-II), and Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3). Although AFP has drawbacks in its specificity, it is widely utilized in treatment evaluation and prognosis prediction. PIVKA-II is a unique marker that does not correlate with AFP value and can predict microvascular invasion. AFP-L3 is a highly specific marker and strong predictor of poor prognosis. These three markers are indispensable in every aspect of clinical practice of hepatocellular carcinoma including surveillance, diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction.     

New perspectives and strategy research biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or chronic alcohol intake is associated with major risk. Systematic screening for HCC of asymptomatic patients with cirrhosis is needed for earlier detection of small tumors requiring treatment (liver transplantation, surgical resection, percutaneous techniques). The recommended screening strategy among cirrhotic patients is based on regular liver ultrasonography associated with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay. As the performance of AFP is not satisfactory, additional tumoral markers are proposed (des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin, glycosylated AFP-L3 fraction). Currently, diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients includes non-invasive tests (imaging after contrast administration, AFP assay); diagnostic biopsy is performed when imaging is limited. After treatment, tumor recurrence is assessed by regular follow-up (AFP assay and imaging). Despite the lack of accurate markers, recent developments in genomic and proteomic approaches will allow the discovery of new biomarkers for primary tumors, as well as for recurrence. This review summarizes the current state of biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of HCC, and highlights new perspectives in the field.     

肝癌自发性破裂出血的手术治疗体会(附26例报告)

目的：探讨外科手术治疗肝癌自发性破裂出血的效果。方法：本文共收集25例肝细胞性肝癌和1例肝脏恶性组织细胞瘤自发性破裂出血的外科手术治疗临床资料，其中15例行急诊肝切除术，6例行肝固有动脉结扎加填塞缝合术，5例行单纯填塞缝合止血术。结果：1)手术止血率96．15％(25／26)，仅有1例行填塞缝合术者未能成功止血。2)住院死亡率为7．69％(2／26)，分别发生于急诊肝切除组与填塞缝合组。3)术后1年生存率：急诊肝切除术为40％(6／15)，肝动脉结扎加填塞缝合术为16．67％(1／6)，填塞缝合术为0％(o／5)。4)生存1年以上者均于术后行TACE等积极的辅助治疗。其中3例肝切除术者生存2年以上。结论：急诊肝切除术是肝癌自发破裂的有效治疗手段，术后积极TACE等综合治疗有利于长期生存。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide and is a disease of multifactorial etiology. Strong correlations exist between the prevalence of the hepatitis B and C viruses and HCC incidence. HCC treatment may involve surgical resection, liver transplantation, locoregional treatments, and chemotherapy. Prevention of virus-related HCC is contingent upon control of hepatitis types B and C. Universal vaccination against hepatitis B could eliminate hepatitis B-related HCC; however, hepatitis C-related HCC still could occur because a vaccine for hepatitis C currently is not available. Individuals at risk for HCC should be screened for the disease. Early detection could result in improved prognosis and survival.     

Percutaneous microwave ablation combined with simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic metastases

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) combined with simultaneous transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with microvascular invasion (MVI) or extrahepatic metastases (EHM).MethodsBetween August 2012 and April 2017, 101 patients with MVI/EHM of HCC underwent percutaneous MWA combined with simultaneous TACE at our center. The clinical data were collected and analyzed for survival and prognostic factors.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 23.6 ± 14.7 months. One patient had grade 3 complications, and the median overall survival was 12.0 months (95% confidence interval 9.7–14.3). Multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh class, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status were independent factors of survival.ConclusionOur results suggest that percutaneous MWA combined with simultaneous TACE is a safe and effective treatment for HCC with MVI/EHM.     

MR True FISP序列在评价肝癌侵犯门脉诊断中的应用研究

目的：探讨磁共振真实稳态进动快速成像（MR True FISP序列）用于诊断肝癌侵犯门脉的准确性,建立无创影像学检查技术对肝癌侵犯门脉的评价体系,指导手术治疗。材料及方法：收集临床已确诊为肝癌,并高度怀疑门脉受侵的患者90例,并有完整的MRI检查资料,所有患者均明确手术或穿刺病理证实。将所有MRI图像进行汇总分析,最后将True FISP序列检查结果与增强门脉期检查结果及手术或穿刺病理结果对比并进行对比分析。结果：建立MR True FISP序列的最佳成像参数和扫描方法。True FISP图像与增强门脉期冠状位图像大部分为优,二者的可诊断率均为100%。与病理对照分析,True FISP序列对肝癌侵犯门脉的显示有高度的一致性。结论：规范MR True FISP序列显示门脉的最佳成像参数和扫描方法;MR True FISP序列可以很好的显示肝癌病灶对门脉的侵犯情况,对诊断肝癌侵犯门脉的准确性很高,建立无创影像学检查技术对肝癌侵犯门脉的评价体系,从而指导外科手术治疗。     

Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI动态增强预测孤立性肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的单因素及多因素回归分析

目的分析Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI动态增强扫描(DCE)影像特征与单发原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)微血管侵犯(MVI)的相关性,总结提示HCC MVI的MRI影像特征,探讨利用这些影像特征术前预测HCC MVI的可能性。方法分析66例单发HCC的术前MRI资料,利用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析分析MRI各项影像特征与MVI的相关性,并采用ROC曲线分析肿瘤直径对MVI的诊断价值。结果单因素分析结果表明肿瘤直径(P=0.011)、肿瘤边缘(P=0.019)、瘤周强化(P=0.001)、肝胆特异性期瘤周低信号(P=0.002)是MVI的危险因素,肿瘤信号不均匀(P=0.157)、肿瘤包膜(P=0.207)、ADC值(P=0.481)、T_1减低值比率(P=0.689)与MVI无相关性。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示肿瘤直径(P=0.007;OR=1.024)与瘤周强化(P=0.005;OR=6.670)是MVI的独立危险因素。肿瘤直径的ROC分析显示肿瘤直径56 mm诊断MVI,AUC=0.741,敏感度为0.588,特异度为0.833。有瘤周强化组MVI的发生率是52.4%。结论利用Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI动态增强扫描可术前预测HCC的MVI,肿瘤越大、有瘤周强化的HCC更容易出现MVI。     

Clinical implications for imaging of vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second largest cause of cancer mortality in the world, with vascular invasion being one of the most important prognostic factors. HCC with tumor thrombus was traditionally considered to have very limited treatment options. However, multiple promising treatment strategies have emerged in recent years, with diagnostic and interventional radiologists playing a major role in patient management. We provide a comprehensive update on the diagnosis and management of HCC with vascular invasion and the role of the radiologist in this condition.     

Evaluation of malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma using the ultrasonic B-mode method: clinical significance of extracapsular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma using ultrasonography

Purpose To determine the influence of capsule formation or presence of capsular invasion on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods The patient group consisted of 70 patients with 74 HCC lesions who had been examined by US and undergone surgical tumor resection at our institution. For these patients, we conducted the following comparative studies: (a) comparison between halo findings on US and microscopic capsular results; (b) comparison between halo findings on US and tumor diameter, tumor histological differentiation, and serum value of each tumor marker; and (c) comparison between halo findings on US and tumor recurrence. Results (a) The corresponding value between sonographic halo and histological capsule was 90.1%, and that between presence of extracapsular invasion on US and that seen by histology was 88.0%. (b) There was no relation between US images and histological differentiation of tumors. (c) Presence of extracapsular invasion on US was a predisposing factor for the development of tumor recurrence. Conclusion (1) Globally speaking, sonographic halo corresponded to the histological tumor capsule. (2) In patients with extracapsular invasion, tumor recurrence after treatment increased. Thus, a better understanding of sonographic halo findings helps determine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in HCC patients.