右美托咪定腹横肌平面阻滞对腹腔镜结肠根治术后恢复的影响

目的观察腹腔镜下结肠根治术后右美托咪定超声引导下腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞的镇痛效果,及其对早期恢复的影响。方法腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术患者40 例均分为右美托咪定组(DEX组)和对照组(CON组)。手术结束后在超声引导下行TAP阻滞。DEX组予右美托咪定1 μg/kg+0.25%罗哌卡因至20 ml,CON组予0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml。记录术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h静息状态、咳嗽时疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Ramsay 评分,记录最高感觉阻滞平面、感觉阻滞维持时间、术后首次镇痛泵按压时间和术后第一天总按压次数和舒芬太尼用量,患者术后首次排气时间、进食时间和住院时间。结果术后2 h、6 h、12 h,DEX组VAS 评分显著低于CON 组(P<0.001),Ramsay 评分明显高于CON 组(P<0.01);DEX 组较CON 组感觉阻滞维持时间显著延长(P<0.001),首次镇痛泵按压时间显著较晚(P<0.001),镇痛泵按压次数显著减少(P<0.001),舒芬太尼用量显著减少(P<0.001);DEX组术后首次排气时间、进食时间和出院时间显著早于CON组(P<0.001)。结论右美托咪定能显著增强罗哌卡因的TAP阻滞效果,减轻术后疼痛,促进术后恢复。     

罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞复合右美托咪定在低位直肠癌根治术患者中的麻醉效果

目的：分析罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞复合右美托咪定在低位直肠癌根治术患者中的麻醉效果。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月~2020年8月行低位直肠癌根治术的62例患者临床资料,采用罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞麻醉的31例患者纳入对照组,采用罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞复合右美托咪定麻醉的31例患者纳入观察组。对比两组麻醉持续时间、气管拔除时间、完全清醒时间,阻滞6 h、12 h以及24 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分,不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组麻醉持续时间、完全清醒时间、气管拔除时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与阻滞后6 h相比,两组阻滞后12 h、24 h VAS评分逐渐升高,但观察组阻滞后12 h、24 hVAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞复合右美托咪定在低位直肠癌根治术中麻醉效果较好,可减轻患者疼痛。     

右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因在小儿腹股沟疝修补术后镇痛的效果观察

目的探讨右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因在小儿腹股沟疝修补术后镇痛的效果。方法选取腹股沟疝修补术患儿80例,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组患儿给予单纯的罗哌卡因阻滞,观察组给予右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因阻滞。比较2组术后4、8、12、24、48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、镇静(Ramsay)评分。比较2组术后不良反应发生率及患儿的镇痛满意度。结果 2组术后8、12、24、48 h的VAS评分均显著高于同组术后4 h的VAS评分,对照组术后8、12、24、48 h的Ramsay评分均显著低于术后4 h的Ramsay评分,且观察组术后8、12、24、48 h的VAS评分、Ramsay评分均显著优于对照组(P 0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为10.00%,与对照组的15.00%比较无显著差异(P 0.05)。观察组镇痛总满意度为97.50%,显著高于对照组的80.00%(P 0.05)。结论相比于单纯罗哌卡因阻滞,右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因阻滞的镇痛、镇静效果更好,安全性也较高。     

右美托咪定腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊手术麻醉恢复的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定(DEX)腹横肌(TAP)阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊手术患者术后麻醉恢复的影响。方法 选取全麻下行择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为CON组、TAP组及DEX组各20例。气管插管后,TAP组在B超引导下应用0.25%罗哌卡因40ml,行双侧TAP阻滞。手术结束前30min,DEX组及TAP组均以0.5μg/kg的剂量,静脉泵注右美托咪定15min,CON组则静脉泵注等量生理盐水。记录三组用药时、拔管时、拔管后15min生命体征,比较各组麻醉苏醒时间、气管拔管时间、离开PACU时间、镇静评分、VAS评分及不良反应发生情况。结果 麻醉前,三组患者生命体征、麻醉趋势指数、麻醉效果评分比较,无显著差异(P0.05);拔管时及拔管后15min,TAP组生命体征变化、麻醉趋势指数、麻醉效果评分与CON组、DEX组比较,差异显著(PO.05)。三组苏醒时间、拔管时间、离开PACU时间与CON组、DEX组比较,差异显著(P0.05)。TAP组不良反应发生率与CON组、DEX组比较,差异显著(P0.05)。术后2h,DEX组患者Ramsay评分高于其他两组(P0.05),余时间点无明显差异;术后2h、6h、12h,DEX组与TAP组患者VAS评分均低于CON组(P0.05)。结论 在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中,右美托咪定腹横肌阻滞能更好的抑制腹腔镜手术的应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定,抗击炎性反应,减轻疼痛,减少谵妄发生,促进患者术后更好地麻醉恢复,安全性高。     

右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞用于膝关节镜术后镇痛的临床研究

目的对比观察右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因用于膝关节镜术后镇痛的临床效果。方法拟行膝关节镜手术的患者60例,随机分为罗哌卡因组(A组,n=30)和右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因组(B组,n=30)。两组患者在喉罩全麻后,分别在超声引导下行单次股神经阻滞,A组注入0.25%罗哌卡因注射液30 ml,B组注入0.25%罗哌卡因及100μg右美托咪定混合液30 ml。观察两组患者术后4 h(T0),8 h(T1),12 h(T2)及24 h(T3)的视觉模拟评分(VAS),当VAS评分大于5分时,静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg。结果两组间在T0、T1、T2时间点的VAS评分分布无统计学差异(P0.05)。B组在T3时间点的VAS评分分布优于A组,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组氟比洛芬酯的用量(68.33±35.92 mg)明显高于B组(18.33±30.75 mg),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因较单纯罗哌卡因行单次股神经阻滞镇痛时间长,术后辅助氟比洛芬酯镇痛剂量小。     

不同剂量右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的阻滞效果和不良反应

目的探讨两种不同剂量的右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的效果和不良反应。方法 40例行单侧上肢/手部手术的患者随机分为两组,即0.5μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR1组)和1μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR2组)。比较2组患者阻滞起效时间,阻滞后4、6、8、10、12和14 h的静息和运动阻滞效果,术后血流动力学改变和镇静等不良反应。结果 DR1组患者感觉和运动阻滞开始恢复和完全恢复的时间均显著早于DR2组患者(P0.01);DR2组在6 h活动疼痛评分和术后8、10、12和14 h的静息和活动疼痛评分均显著优于DR1组(P0.05)。结论 1μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因较0.5μg/kg右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,可以增强臂丛神经阻滞效果且不增加不良反应。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因骶管麻醉在小儿手术中的应用效果观察

探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因骶管麻醉在小儿手术中麻醉效果。选择接受手术治疗的91例患儿,随机分为对照组和观察组,两组均行骶管穿刺阻滞,对照组给予0.25%罗哌卡因,观察组给予0.25%罗哌卡因+右美托咪定;记录两组手术时间、阻滞起效时间、镇痛持续时间和苏醒时间,采用婴幼儿镇痛评分量表(CHIPPS)分别在术后1h和3h评价镇痛效果。两组在手术时间和术后1h CHIPPS评分方面差异无统计学意义;观察组阻滞起效时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),观察组镇痛持续时间、苏醒时间及术后3h CHIPPS评分显著长于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后不良反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。小儿手术中应用右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因骶管麻醉,具有镇痛效果好、术后不良反应少的优点,值得临床借鉴。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹股沟疝修补术中的临床效果

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹股沟疝修补术中的临床应用效果。方法选取2018年5月～2019年7月在我院接受腹股沟疝修补术的患者82例,随机分为对照组和观察组各41例。两组患者术前均在超声引导下进行腹横肌平面阻滞,对照组采用0.45%罗哌卡因30ml,观察组在对照组的基础上复合1μg/kg右美托咪定,观察分析两组患者的临床指标,比较两组血流动力学状况:心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心脏排血指数(CI)、每搏量(SV)。结果观察组的苏醒时间、喉罩拔除时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后即刻的MAP、CI、SV水平均较对照组高,且HR、CVP水平较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞可有效促使腹股沟疝修补术患者的血流动力学处于相对稳定的状态,对患者的术后恢复起到了促进作用。     

右美托咪定复合重比重罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉效果研究

选择择期行下肢手术的病人80例,ASA I~III级,随机分为两组。对照组(n=40)0.5%的重比重罗哌卡因(罗哌卡因1.5ml1%+10%葡萄糖1.5ml)+0.5ml的生理盐水,右美托咪定组(n=40)0.5%的重比重罗哌卡因(罗哌卡因1.5ml1%+10%葡萄糖1.5ml)+5μg右美托咪定(0.5ml)行蛛网膜下腔阻滞。观察记录麻醉效果、不良反应以及术后镇静评分和VAS评分的差异。结果与对照组相比,右美托咪定组阻滞平面消退时间显著延长,术后VAS最高评分显著下降,差异具有统计学意义。(P<0.05)。两组间最高阻滞平面、平面固定时间、不良反应以及镇静评分无显著差异。5μg右美托咪定可以显著延长重比重罗哌卡因的痛觉神经阻滞时间,有利于延长患者术后镇痛时间并且不增加不良反应。     

罗哌卡因联合右美托咪啶腹腔喷洒对腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术术后疼痛的影响

目的观察罗哌卡因联合右美托咪啶腹腔喷洒对腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术术后疼痛的影响。方法前瞻性研究,将2016年1月至2017年8月期间拟行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的患者40例采用信封法随机分为罗哌卡因组(L组,n=20)和罗哌卡因联合右美托咪啶组(LY组,n=20),两组患者分别在手术结束前腹腔镜直视下腹腔内喷洒0.25%罗哌卡因50 ml(L组)和0.25%罗哌卡因和1μg/kg的右美托咪啶混合液50 ml(LY组),观察比较两组患者拔管后(T_0)、术后2 h(T_1)、术后4 h(T_2)、术后24 h(T_3)的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS),术后第一次辅助镇痛药物(曲马多)时间、曲马多总量和不良反应情况。结果 L组在各时间点VAS评分均高于LY组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。L组术后第一次辅助镇痛药物时间[(90.75±36.10)min]明显短于LY组[(759.00±277.54)min],P0.05。L组曲马多总用量[(222.50±86.56)mg]明显高于LY组[(77.50±54.95)mg],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论罗哌卡因联合右美托咪啶腹腔喷洒可有效降低腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术术后24 h内的VAS评分,延长术后第一次辅助镇痛药物的时间,减少辅助镇痛药物用量。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.