有氧运动对乳腺癌患者生活质量的影响

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一.全世界每年新发病人数130万,死亡人数近40万[1].我国从1999～2004年,乳腺癌发病率从17/10万增加到52/10万,上升超过3倍[2].     

乳腺癌

正1流行病学特点乳腺癌在全球范围内是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是引起女性死亡的重要病因。根据目前乳腺癌的发病趋势,预计到2030年,乳腺癌的发病人数和死亡人数将分别达到264万和170万。在发达国家的年龄标准化发病率为66.4/10万,发展中国家为27.3/10万。数据显示,全球乳腺癌的发病呈较快增长趋势,发病率在近30年内增长了57.8%,且以每年0.5%的速度增长。     

乳腺癌患者辅助治疗后体质量增加的研究进展

<正>乳腺癌是世界范围内女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,是女性癌症死亡的首要原因。全球每年新发乳腺癌病例达138万例,占全球女性恶性肿瘤发病率的23%,病死率的14%[1]。由于经济增长、人口老龄化以及生活方式改变等的影响,我国乳腺癌发病数和死亡数均呈上升趋势。2011年全国肿瘤登记地区女性乳腺癌发病率为47.64例次/10万,高发人群为40~70岁女性,城市发病率比农村高1.6     

乳腺癌362例治疗分析

乳腺癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，欧美国家发病率高。在美国发病率高达12／10万，每年发病率达120万，死亡约40万人。近年来我国发病率明显上升，占女性恶性肿瘤第一或第二位。上海地区发病率，1972年至1992年从18．3／10万上升到37／10万。天津市1981至1992年从18．3／10万上升到24．92／10万。因此，乳腺癌早期诊断和合理综合治疗，是     

致密乳腺与乳腺癌的相关性研究进展

乳腺癌已成为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤[1]。2008年,全球女性新发乳腺癌138万例,占女性恶性肿瘤患者的22.9%,死亡46万例,占女性恶性肿瘤死亡患者的13.7%[2]。美国癌症协会（American Cancer Society,ACS）每年推出一份统计报告预估全美在未来一年的新发乳腺癌症病例以及因乳腺癌死亡的人数,预计2013年将有大约296 980例新发乳腺癌病例被确诊,因乳腺癌死亡的美国妇女将达到39 620人。     

超声光散射乳腺成像技术在乳腺病变诊断中的应用

2000 年全球女性乳腺癌新发病例100 万,标化发病率35.66 /10 万,标化死亡率12.51 /10 万.从世界范围看,乳腺癌已成为全球妇女高发的恶性肿瘤[1].我国女性乳腺癌的发病、死亡均呈持续上升趋势,乳腺癌将是近年来增长幅度最大的恶性肿瘤之一.乳腺癌发现的早晚和诊断时的分期是影响预后的重要因素,如何早期发现、早期诊断已成为本学科的研究方向.     

糖链抗原15-3检测在乳腺癌中的临床应用评价

乳腺癌在全世界范围内是妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤,每年全球约有120万妇女患乳腺癌,50万妇女死于乳腺癌.在亚洲死亡人数占全球33.9%,中国占11.2%.在中国上海、北京、天津,乳腺癌发病率已跃居女性恶性肿瘤之首,并以每年4%的幅度递增[1].     

乳腺癌诊治现状

乳腺癌是妇女中最常见的恶性肿瘤，发病率正逐步上升。美国的发病率已达120／10万，每8位妇女中有1位患乳腺癌。目前我国尚无发病率的确切报告，一些沿海大城市的报告已达40／10万左右，随着经济水平提高、生活方式的改变，发病率还会逐步上升，故该病已得到普遍重视。另一方面，根据美国SEER报告，近30年来乳腺癌的死亡率在美国已呈下降趋势，主要归功于肿瘤的早期发现及综合治疗的改进。     

乳腺癌的治疗现状

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,据统计,全球每年乳腺癌的发病人数约有120万人,约50万人死于乳腺癌.在西欧、北美等发达国家,乳腺癌的发病率占女性恶性肿瘤的首位,近年来我国许多大城市(如上海、北京、天津等地区)乳腺癌的发病率呈不断上升趋势[1-3].乳腺癌已严重威胁着女性的健康和生命安全.这要求广大医务工作者努力提...     

乳腺癌放疗患者放射性皮肤损伤的护理进展

乳腺癌是危害妇女健康的主要恶性肿瘤,全世界每年约有120万妇女发生乳腺癌,有50万妇女死于乳腺癌[1] .在我国发病率为23/10万,占全国恶性肿瘤的7%～10%.近年来乳腺癌的发病率在增高,已超过宫颈癌,成为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤[2].我国虽是乳腺癌的低发地区,但其发病率正逐年上升.以上海为例,1972年乳腺癌的发病率为20.1/10万,1998年则为28/10万,是女性恶性肿瘤中的第2位.乳腺癌的治疗方法已从原先的单一治疗发展为多种疗法相结合的综合治疗,放射治疗是其中重要的组成部分,其疗效已被证实,但由其引起的放射性皮肤损伤也逐渐引起关注.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.