双源CT低剂量扫描在肺磨玻璃结节筛查中的价值

<正>随着医学影像技术的不断更新和发展,近年来早期肺癌的阳性诊断率逐年提高。已有文献指出,肺磨玻璃结节(ground-glass nodules,GGN)为原发性肺腺癌患者早期诊断一个重要的CT表现[1-3]。但CT检查辐射剂量较高,因此常规CT扫描难以成为肺部的筛查手段。近年来胸部低剂量CT(low-dose CT,LDCT)筛查广泛应用于临床诊断及健康体检,肺部结节的阳性检出率逐年升高[4,5]。本研究旨在比较肺磨玻璃结节(ground-glass nodules,GGN)在双源CT低剂量与常规剂量扫描中的     

99Tcm-Tetrofosmin 胸部显像诊断肺部肿瘤的临床研究

目的评价 99Tcm-Tetrofosmin(TF)胸部显像在诊断肺部肿瘤及纵隔淋巴结转移中的临床应用价值.方法对33例肺部肿块患者(肺癌23例,肺部良性疾病10例)行胸部 99Tcm-TF显像和CT扫描,并对SPECT图像进行半定量分析,比较各组间结果.结果 99Tcm-TF胸部显像区分肺部原发性肿瘤良、恶性及其诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的灵敏度均高于CT(P<0.05).肺癌组的靶/非靶(T/N)值明显高于相应的肺部良性病变组T/N值(P<0.001);且肺癌组断层显像的T/N值明显高于平面显像(P<0.01).肺鳞癌组和肺腺癌组的T/N值均高于小细胞肺癌组(P<0.05);而2 h滞留分数(RI)肺腺癌组要高于肺鳞癌组(P<0.05).结论 99Tcm-TF能准确、有效地探测肺癌的原发灶和纵隔淋巴结转移灶,利用半定量方法能提高其准确性,还可能为肺癌的组织类型提供更多的信息,在肺癌的诊断和分期中具有重要的临床实用价值.     

胸部外伤低剂量CT扫描与X线胸片检查对照性研究

目前,胸部外伤患者常规摄X线胸片,但对于肺部隐蔽部位的创伤以及轻微创伤,X线胸片常易漏诊。曾有作者报道早期胸部CT扫描有助于明确重型颅脑创伤合并胸部损伤的诊断,从而降低肺部感染、ARDS、神经源性肺水肿的发生率,有助于缩短昏迷时间,提高救治效果。应用CT检查可以提高肺创伤的正确诊断率,但胸部CT传统检查对患者的辐射剂量大,CT球管损耗也大。     

多排螺旋CT低剂量非螺旋扫描筛查早期肺癌的应用探讨

目的：探讨多排螺旋CT采用非螺旋方式进行低剂量胸部扫描筛查早期肺癌的可行性。材料与方法：对60例胸片阴性患者和长期吸烟无症状志愿者分别行螺旋低剂量和非螺旋低剂量扫描。CT扫描机采用Toshiba 4排多层螺旋CT（Asteion 4）。螺旋扫描采用预设40mA,床进30mm（螺距1.5）,0.75s/圈,非螺旋扫描预设40mA,床进20mm（层厚＝层距）,0.48s/圈,其他扫描参数相同：120kV,准直0.5×4,DFOV 320mm,重建层厚5mm。在CT图像上,统计病变的检出例数,观察肺门部段支气管显示情况,并通过随机软件比较两者的有效放射剂量。结果：两种扫描方式均能清楚显示胸部的正常解剖结构、病变的特征及其细节。肺门部96％段支气管可显示;肺野显示3mm以上肺结节10例、纵隔淋巴增大2例、支气管扩张2例、肺气肿伴肺大泡3例、炎症5例及冠状动脉钙化8例。非螺旋扫描与螺旋扫描的有效放射剂量分别为（0.70±0.05）mSv和（0.93±0.03）mSv mGy。结论：非螺旋方式扫描与螺旋方式扫描在胸部低剂量检查中对于肺内病灶的发现及诊断无统计学差异,而非螺旋方式扫描的有效放射剂量更低,将其应用于筛查早期肺癌是可行的。     

肝癌肺转移瘤膈下动脉供血1例

患者男，64岁，因右上腹痛2个月余人院，入院前2个月，无明显诱因出现右上腹不适，后出现隐痛，持续性胀痛并逐渐加重而就诊，B超及CT提示：肝硬化，肝右叶巨大占位病变，提示原发性肝癌。胸部摄片提示右下肺块影（图1），结合病史提示转移瘤。患者有乙肝病史多年，甲胎蛋白升高，结合B超及CT及胸片，临床诊断为原发性肝癌伴右下肺转移。     

创伤性湿肺的平片与螺旋CT诊断

目的总结X线平片、螺旋cT胸部检查对创伤性湿肺的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经临床证实的创伤性湿肺患者52例，全部病例行胸部X线平片与CT检查。结果创伤性湿肺多出现在一侧和／或两侧中下肺野，表现为：①间质型（9例）：肺血管影增粗、模糊；②弥漫实变型（18例）：肺实质内散在斑点状、小片状稍高密度灶；③云雾型（17例）：呈磨砂玻璃样改变的云雾状稍高密度灶（即“面纱征”）；④节段实变型（8例）：大片状或呈叶、段分布的高密度灶；对病变的显示CT明显优于X线平片。结论胸部X平片与cT检查是目前诊断创伤性湿肺有效的检查手段，对临床疑为创伤性湿肺的患者首次建议行胸部X平片与CT检查，对确诊的患者行胸部X线监测。     

胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描在肺癌高危人群筛查中的应用

探察胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描在肺癌高危人群筛查中的应用价值,从而制定有效筛查方案。采取回顾式分析法,对已接受胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描及DR胸片检查的6050例肺癌高危人群影像学资料进行分析。6050例肺癌高危人群经胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描筛查出肺结节1305例,肺结节检出率为21.57%;经DR胸片检查共检出肺结节432例,肺结节检出率为7.14%,胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描肺结节检出率明显高于DR胸片(P0.01);胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描检出肺癌81例,肺癌总检出率为1.34%,DR胸片检查确诊肺癌30例,肺癌总检出率为0.50%,胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描肺癌总检出率明显高于DR胸片(P0.01)。胸部低剂量螺旋CT扫描在肺癌高危人群筛查中,具有较高的应用价值,提高肺内结节的检出率,对早期肺癌诊断有重要意义。     

低剂量胸部CT与癌胚抗原、Cyfra21-1水平在早期肺癌检查中的价值

  目的  探讨低剂量胸部CT扫描与癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原（Cyfra21-1）在早期肺癌检查中的价值。  方法  选取2019年1月~2021年1月在我院就诊的肺部亚实性结节患者108例，均给予低剂量CT扫描，经病理确诊为早期肺癌患者76例（其中原位癌34例，微浸润性癌22例，浸润性癌20例），非肺癌患者32例，比较肺癌和非肺癌患者血清CEA、Cyfra21-1水平差异，分析CT联合血清CEA、Cyfra21-1诊断早期肺癌的价值。  结果  肺癌患者血清CEA、Cyfra21-1明显高于非肺癌患者（P < 0.05）；CT联合血清CEA、Cyfra21-1诊断早期肺癌的敏感度和阴性预测值明显高于CT检查（P < 0.05）；浸润性癌病灶直径、CT值明显高于原位癌和微浸润性癌（P < 0.05）；原位癌、微浸润性癌和浸润性癌患者CEA、Cyfra21-1的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；病灶直径、CT值诊断浸润性癌的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.941和0.816（P < 0.05），截断值分别为15.86 mm和-422.52 Hu，敏感度分别为90.00%和65.00%，特异性分别为91.10%和89.30%。  结论  低剂量胸部CT与CEA、Cyfra21-1水平在早期肺癌诊断中有较好的价值，同时病灶直径及CT值在鉴别浸润性癌中有一定应用价值。      

脂肪栓塞综合征的肺部影像学

目的：探讨脂肪栓塞综合征(FES)的肺部影像学特点。材料与方法：回顾性分析临床证实的10例FES，其中行肺部影像检查者6例，全部6例作过胸部x线摄片，5例经CT扫描。结果：胸部x线摄片的6例中，3例两侧肺纹理增粗或散在斑片状影，1例双肺野弥漫病灶，2例无异常发现：CT检查的5例，均显示多灶性实变、磨玻璃影、结节及坠积现象。结论：影像学检查可为FES的肺部改变诊断提供直接的证据，疑有肺部FES者应尽早行胸部CT检查。     

四川大学华西医院刘伦旭教授成功开展国际首例双侧单孔胸腔镜手术同期治疗多原发肺癌

一女性患者，70岁，因右侧胸痛，CT检查发现双侧肺部有四个结节，右上肺有两个，左上肺、左下肺各一个，就诊我院胸外科，经医生分析判断，双侧四个都是原发性肺癌（同时性多原发肺癌，SMPLC）。     

Comparison of bone and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of bony metastases in lung cancer.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a proven accurate modality used for the detection of active malignant tumors. The performance of PET in detecting bony metastases, however, has not been adequately investigated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of bone and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET scans in evaluating bony metastases from lung cancer. PROCEDURE: This retrospective study evaluated 85 patients with lung cancer who underwent both FDG-PET and bone scans within three weeks of each other for initial staging or restaging. The number and sites of bony lesions on FDG-PET and bone scans were correlated. Concordant lesions between the two modalities were considered to be positive for malignancy; discordant lesions were compared with X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or follow-up findings. The mean follow-up interval was 7.9 months. RESULTS: Bone scans were positive for lesions in 24 patients and negative in 61 patients while FDG-PET was positive for bony lesions in 17 patients and negative in 65 patients. FDG-PET was indeterminate for rib involvement in three patients having an underlying lung cancer, whom were evaluated separately. A total of 88 and 41 bony lesions were identified on bone scans and FDG-PET, respectively. Correlation of bone scans with other imaging modalities and clinical follow-up findings revealed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 81%, 78%, 34%, and 93%, respectively and for FDG-PET 73% (P=0.81), 88% (P=0.03), 46% (P=0.5,) and 97% (P=0.04), respectively. Using bone scans, 10 patients were correctly diagnosed with bony metastases, 54 were correctly diagnosed free of bony metastases, 17 patients were falsely diagnosed with metastases, and metastases were missed in one patient. Using FDG-PET scans, eight patients were correctly diagnosed with bony metastases, 66 were correctly diagnosed free of bony metastases, seven patients were falsely diagnosed with metastases, and one patient had metastases which were missed. Of the three patients with lung cancer close to the chest wall in whom FDG-PET was indeterminate for rib involvement, the bone scans were truly positive for rib involvement in two of them, and truly negative in the remaining patient. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET scans demonstrated significantly higher specificity and negative predictive values than bone scans for evaluating bony metastases from lung cancer. On the other hand, bone scans are more sensitive with higher positive predictive values than FDG-PET scans, but the differences were not statistically significant.     

肝癌肺部转移的CT诊断

目的:分析总结原发性肝癌肺部转移的CT表现,为临床诊断提供可靠依据。材料与方法:回顾性分析近年来我院收治的52例肝癌肺部转移患者的临床资料。结果:肝癌肺部转移的CT表现为两侧肺内单发或多发结节状病灶,此表现最常见;肺内软组织团块影像,分叶状或有毛刺,约占15.4%;全肺的粟粒样结节影像,占21.2%;肺纹理呈现网状改变,或纹理间沿淋巴管分布的呈细小的结节状影像;HRCT表现小叶间隔变厚,细小结节影沿肺纹理分布,约占21.2%;同一患者可出现多种形态的转移征象。结论:CT对肝癌肺部转移小病灶的检出较敏感,临床应用价值较大。     

肺癌骨转移病灶18F-FDG PET/CT图像分析

目的：探讨成骨性和溶骨性骨转移癌18F-FDG摄取的差异,分析骨转移癌18F-FDG摄取与肺癌病理类型之间的关系。方法：肺癌骨转移的初诊患者60例,皆行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像。采用感兴趣区（ROI）技术计算转移灶的SUV,根据同机CT显示的密度改变确定骨转移灶为成骨性或溶骨性。结果：PET/CT显像检出骨转移病灶392个,其中PET表现为18F-FDG摄取增高的病灶为389个,18F-FDG摄取无明显增高而CT出现明显骨质密度改变的病灶3个,以上392个病灶均经临床随访证实。392个病灶中CT表现为溶骨性病灶201个（51.3%）、成骨性病灶75个（19.1%）,骨密度无明显改变者116个（29.6%）,这3组病灶的SUV分别为3.5±1.3、2.7±0.6、3.0±1.2,溶骨性骨转移癌的SUV高于后两者（P值均<0.01）,而后两组间的SUV无统计学差异（P>0.05）。腺癌组、鳞癌组、大细胞癌组、小细胞癌组的骨转移灶的SUV分别为3.4±1.3、3.1±1.4、3.3±1.1、2.5±0.6,小细胞肺癌组骨转移癌的SUV低于肺腺癌及大细胞癌组（P值均<0.01）,但与鳞癌组间无统计学差异;后3组骨转移癌的SUV无统计学差异（P值均>0.05）。结论：PET对肺癌骨转移的检出率明显高于同机CT,溶骨性骨转移灶的18F-FDG摄取较成骨性转移灶的高,CT与PET对于肺癌骨转移灶的检出优势互补。     

64例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的CT影像学特征分析

目的 通过分析2019冠状病毒肺炎（Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID 19）患者胸部薄层CT的影像表现,分析其演变过程,熟悉其肺部CT表现,了解其病程特点。方法 收集我院2020年1-3月核酸检测确诊为COVID 19的64例患者资料,分析胸部薄层CT表现,64例患者均进行5次胸部CT扫描,其中4例肺部CT未见异常,研究另60例患者CT演变特点。结果 COVID 19的CT表现多变,主要表现为双肺不对称分布胸膜下为主实变或磨玻璃密度影,最初铺路石征较多见,后来向模糊影、条索影变化,本组病例患者症状发作后的第1周和第2周肺部病变显著增加,随后肺部CT评分逐渐下降,双肺下叶CT评分较高,其次是右肺上叶,左肺上叶CT评分最低。结论 COVID 19大部分病例肺部病灶在28天左右可完全消失,但我们需要经过长期大样本随访观察肺部是否会遗留不可逆损伤。     

PET/CT、头部增强CT和头部增强MRI对肺癌脑转移瘤检出价值的对比

  目的  分析与探讨18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI几种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤的诊断价值与差异。  方法  回顾分析327例肺癌患者的临床资料，对比其18F-FDG PET/CT、头部增强CT及头部增强MRI影像资料，分析18F-FDG PET/CT联合头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT联合头部增强MRI对肺癌分期的影响；比较18F-FDG PET/CT、头部增强CT、头部增强MRI 3种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤检出价值；比较18F-FDG PET/CT与头部增强MRI，肺癌脑转移瘤漏诊组与未漏诊组囊变、水肿表现的差异。  结果  18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI这两种组合检查方法在检出肺癌脑转移瘤方面，对肺癌分期的影响差异有统计学意义（χ2=305.58，P < 0.01）；18F-FDG PET/CT、头部增强CT、头部增强MRI三种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤检出率分别为7.34%、12.23%、19.88%；3种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤检出情况比较差异具有统计学意义（χ2=22.867，P < 0.01）；肺癌脑转移瘤18F-FDG PET/CT与MRI比较漏诊组与未漏诊组发生囊变、水肿情况的差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.657，P > 0.05；χ2=0.023，P > 0.05）；漏诊组、未漏诊组出现囊变率为31.70%（13/41）、41.67%（10/24）；漏诊组、未漏诊组出现水肿率为56.09%（23/41）、54.17%（13/24）。  结论  18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI检查均能够提高肺癌脑转移瘤的检出率，对精确判断肺癌分期，掌握脑转移瘤详细情况，降低脑转移瘤的漏诊率有重要作用，检出价值最高的是18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI联合。      

动态CT扫描对周围型肺癌微血管密度的评价

目的：评价周围型肺癌 CT增强程度与微血管密度 (MVD)的关系。方法：对 40例周围型肺癌 (直径≤ 4cm)进行研究。在注射造影剂前后,对病灶进行一系列薄层扫描,计算出最大增强值。采用免疫组化方法,通过对病理标本的Ⅷ因子测定,检测癌灶的 MVD。对病灶的 CT增强值、 MVD、病理分级进行对照分析。结果： 40例肺癌增强值和 MVD的均数与标准差分别是 39. 7± 14. 63Hu和 51. 4± 14. 37。癌灶的增强值的变化与 MVD呈正相关,与病理分级呈负相关。结论：周围型肺癌 CT增强程度与 MVD密切相关。动态 CT扫描有助于对肺癌的血管密度和预后的评价。     

肺癌脑转移的MR表现与诊断

目的评价MRI对肺癌脑转移的诊断作用。方法回顾性分析45例经病理证实的肺癌脑转移的MR表现,所有病例均经平扫和增强扫描,增强造影剂(Gd-DTPA)用量40例为0.2mmol/kg;5例为0.1mmol/kg。结果肺癌脑转移可表现为单发或多发病灶,形态多为圆形或类圆形,灶周可有或无脑水肿。分布主要在幕上皮、髓质交界区,但幕下小脑半球出现的比例也不低。增强扫描不仅能发现平扫未能显示的病灶,且85%的病例发现了更多的病灶。结论MRI,特别是增强检查是诊断肺癌脑转移的好方法。     

CT analysis of postoperative tumor recurrence patterns in periampullary cancer

BACKGROUND: We analyzed postoperative tumor recurrence in periampullary cancer on computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Forty-six patients with tumor recurrence (16 pancreas head cancers, 19 distal common bile duct cancers, and 11 ampulla of Vater cancers) of 125 patients who underwent surgery for periampullary cancer were enrolled. Recurrence was diagnosed by CT findings plus elevated CA 19-9 (n = 28) or biopsy (n = 18). Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed 156 contrast-enhanced CT scans, with 7-mm slice thickness, obtained in our institution until the initial diagnosis of tumor recurrence. The modes of recurrence were classified as local recurrence, hepatic metastasis, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, or extraabdominal metastasis. We evaluated the time of recurrence, the frequency of each mode of recurrence, and the earliest mode of recurrence. The differences in tumor recurrence for the three types of periampullary cancer were evaluated. RESULTS: Half of the recurrences occurred within 6 months after surgery and 87% occurred within 12 months after surgery. Local recurrences (67%), hepatic metastases (72%), and lymph node metastases (61%) were common modes of tumor recurrence. Pancreas head cancers recurred earlier than the other types of periampullary cancer (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Periampullary cancer tends to recur early after surgery, usually as a local recurrence, hepatic metastasis, or lymph node metastasis.     

SPECT及CT对首诊肺癌患者骨转移的诊断价值

目的 探讨SPECT全身骨静态显像、胸部CT及二者联合对首诊肺癌患者骨转移的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析236例肺癌患者首诊时的SPECT全身骨静态显像及胸部CT资料,比较各自及两者联合对骨转移瘤的诊断价值。 结果 SPECT确诊骨转移38例,CT确诊32例,两者差异无统计学意义;综合分析确诊44例,显著减少了不确定病例数。经综合分析,共确诊172处转移病灶,128处(128/172,74.42％)位于CT扫描范围内,44处(44/172,25.58％)位于CT扫描范围外;CT扫描范围内的128处病灶中SPECT显示阳性123处(123/128,96.09%),CT显示阳性106处(106/128,82.81％),两者差异有统计学意义。 结论 SPECT全身骨静态显像及胸部CT均为诊断肺癌骨转移的有效方法,综合分析两种影像检查结果可有效提高诊断效能。     

Detection of metastases in patients with cutaneous melanoma using FDG-PET/CT

This study aimed to detect metastases in patients with stage III or IV cutaneous melanoma by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). Thirty-nine patients with clinically evident stage III or IV melanoma underwent whole-body FDG-PET/CT scans for metastatic disease and these results were compared with those of biopsy. Scans for 38 of the patients were evaluated; one patient's scan could not be evaluated. There were 11 true-positive, two false-positive, 24 true-negative and one false-negative scans for the detection of melanoma metastases, with sensitivity 91%, specificity 92%, accuracy 92%, and positive and negative predictive values 84% and 96%, respectively. False-positive FDG-PET/CT scans were due to sarcoidosis in the lung and infected cyst in the liver. It is concluded that FDG-PET/CT scanning has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting stage III or IV metastatic melanoma.