腰屈伸等速向心收缩肌力测试的效度研究

目的：研究腰屈伸的等速肌力测试效度,研究合适的角速度测试。方法：由同一个测试人员对30例正常无腰痛的自愿者、60例普通慢性腰痛患者及30例运动员慢性腰痛患者进行腰屈伸的等速肌力测试,并同步采用表面肌电图对相关肌群进行检测,对腰屈伸的等速肌力以三种不同角速度测试进行效度分析。结果：60°/s和90°/s的效度满意;180°/s的效度不理想[普通腰痛组中绝大多数患者腰屈曲和腰伸展时的峰力矩（PT）、总功（TW）和平均功率（AP）均为0,呈典型的“地板效应”]。结论： 对正常人进行腰屈伸的等速肌力测试时可以使用     

慢性下腰痛患者腰屈伸肌的等速肌力评价

目的：通过对慢性下腰痛患者腰屈伸肌进行等速向心、离心肌力测试,定量评价患者腰屈伸肌肌力的变化,为慢性下腰痛患者腰屈伸肌肌肉功能的康复训练提供依据。方法：运用Ｃｙｂｅｘ － ６０００ 型等速测力系统分别对３０ 例慢性下腰痛患者及３０ 例正常人在慢速（３０°／ｓ） 和中速（９０°／ｓ） 条件下进行腰屈伸肌的等速向心和离心肌力测试,评价屈肌与伸肌的峰力矩／ 体重比值,以及腰屈伸肌向心与离心的峰力矩／ 体重比值。结果：两种测试速度下,患者组与正常组相比,腰屈肌向心测试和屈、伸肌离心测试的峰力矩／ 体重值降低,伸肌向心测试的峰力矩／ 体重值较正常组显著下降（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ;向心测试屈、伸肌峰力矩与体重比值显著增大（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,离心测试屈、伸肌峰力矩与体重比值增大;屈肌向心、离心测试的峰力矩与体重的比值降低,伸肌向心、离心测试的峰力矩与体重的比值显著降低（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：慢性下腰痛患者腰屈伸肌存在屈伸肌力的下降及失衡,需针对性地进行屈伸肌肌力训练,以恢复屈伸肌对腰椎主动稳定和功能性活动的作用,避免肌源性下腰痛的反复发作和牵延难愈     

躯干屈伸肌等长与等速向心收缩肌力测试的相关研究

目的探讨躯干屈伸肌等长与等速向心收缩肌力测试结果的相关性。方法对50例健康受试者分别进行躯干肌屈曲、伸展等长收缩与等速向心收缩肌力测试,将二种方法测试的屈曲、伸展峰力矩(peak torque,PT)和屈曲、伸展峰力矩之比(F/E)进行相关与回归分析。结果躯干屈伸肌等长收缩、等速向心收缩肌力测试中PT值呈显著正相关(r伸=0.827,P=0.000<0.05,r屈=0.873,P=0.000<0.05);等长收缩和等速向心收缩肌力测试获得的屈曲、伸展PT值建立的回归方程式分别为y^=8.158+1.097x和y^=-12.375+0.781x,经检验成立并有统计学意义(P<0.05);而屈曲、伸展峰力矩之比(F/E)无相关性(r=0.18,P=0.208>0.05),二者差异有统计学意义(t=-7.588,P=0.000<0.05)。结论躯干屈伸肌等长收缩肌力测试能准确地反映躯干肌肌力的变化,并且用中立位等长收缩肌力测试的F/E比值反映躯干的稳定性更合理。     

不同角速度下等速躯干屈伸训练对腰痛患者核心肌群的影响

目的观察不同角速度等速肌力训练对腰痛患者的腰背部核心肌群的训练效果,探讨改善慢性腰痛的更优角速度。方法 2016年1月至2018年6月,本院男性慢性腰痛患者60例,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组20例。A组行常规康复治疗手段;B组、C组分别在常规康复治疗基础上,选取角速度为30°/s和90°/s的等速肌力训练,每周3次,共训练4周。训练前后进行等速肌力测试,记录峰力矩和平均功率。结果训练后,B组和C组屈、伸肌峰力矩及功率均大于A组(P 0.05),C组屈、伸肌峰力矩小于B组(P 0.05),屈、伸肌功率与B组无显著性差异(P 0.05)。训练后,B组、C组VAS评分均明显降低(t 4.098,P 0.01),且均低于A组(P 0.05),C组和B组间无显著性差异(P 0.05)。结论等速肌力训练可提高腰痛患者的躯干屈、伸肌群的峰力矩和功率,低角速度(30°/s)等速训练效果更佳。     

青年慢性非特异性腰痛患者腰部本体感觉及其与肌力的相关性

目的:对比青年慢性非特异性腰痛(CNLBP)患者和正常健康青年腰部本体感觉及肌力的差异,并分析腰部本体感觉与肌力的相关性。方法:选取25例青年CNLBP患者纳入腰痛组,25例正常健康青年纳入对照组。采用CON-TREX等速系统测试其腰部本体感觉及腰部屈肌、伸肌肌群在60°/s角速度下的等速向心肌力。以被动复位绝对误差角度(AE)作为个体本体感觉评价指标,以各肌群的峰值力矩(PT)、峰力矩体重比(PT/BW)及屈/伸肌峰值力矩比(F/E)作为等速向心肌力观察的主要指标。并分析CNLBP患者腰部本体感觉与腰部肌力的相关性。结果:(1)腰痛组患者腰部前屈、后伸的AE值均高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);(2)腰痛组患者伸肌肌群的PT及PT/BW与对照组相比均有降低,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);腰痛组患者屈肌肌群的PT及PT/BW与对照组相比,差异无显著性意义(P0.05);同时腰痛组F/E与对照组相比,差异无显著性意义(P0.05);(3)腰痛组腰部AE值与PT、PT/BW及F/E之间均无相关性(P0.05)。结论:青年CNLBP患者的腰部本体感觉及腰部伸肌肌群肌力均较正常健康青年有所减弱,且青年CNLBP患者的腰部本体感觉与腰部肌力之间无相关性。     

躯干等速肌力训练与腰腹肌功能锻炼治疗非特异性腰痛的疗效对比研究

目的:对比分析躯干等速肌力训练与腰腹肌功能锻炼对非特异性腰痛(NLBP)的治疗作用,以寻求NLBP防治的最佳力量训练方法,为NLBP的防治提供理论参考。方法:将40例确诊的NLBP患者随机分为躯干等速肌力训练组(实验组)和腰腹肌功能锻炼组(对照组),分别采用躯干等速肌力训练法和腰腹肌功能锻炼法进行治疗。治疗前后对疼痛视觉类比评分(VAS)、指地距离(FFD)、Oswestry腰痛功能障碍量表(OSW)以及躯干屈、伸肌群峰力矩(PT)及相对峰力矩(PT/BW)进行比较分析。结果:治疗后两组VAS、OSW积分指数及FFD指标均降低(P0.05);治疗后两组在60°/s和90°/s角速度下躯干屈、伸肌群峰力矩(PT)及相对峰力矩(PT/BW)显著升高(P0.05);但两组在VAS、OSW积分指数、FFD及PT、PT/BW指标上比较不具显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:躯干等速肌力训练与腰腹肌功能锻炼对治疗NLBP均具有显著疗效,等速肌力训练与腰腹肌功能锻炼在疗效上比较不具显著差异。     

躯干肌屈曲、伸展等长收缩肌力测试的信度研究

目的:探讨躯干肌屈曲、伸展等长收缩肌力测试的信度,为临床应用提供可靠依据。方法:20例健康受试者,在1周内采用BiodexⅡAP型多关节等速测试系统对每位受试者进行了2次躯干肌屈曲、伸展等长收缩肌力测试,获得躯干肌屈曲、伸展最大平均力矩、最大重复做功、总做功和平均功率等结果,并采用组内相关系数进行信度分析。结果:躯干肌屈曲、伸展2次等长收缩肌力测试的各指标高度相关(ICC>0.90),呈现良好的稳定性。结论:躯干肌屈曲、伸展等长收缩肌力测试在反映躯干肌肌力的变化方面具有较高的信度,测试指标稳定可靠。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者腰屈伸肌的功能变化

目的：通过对腰椎间盘突出症患者及正常人的腰屈伸肌进行等速肌力测试，观察腰椎间盘突出症对患者腰屈、伸肌肌力等的影响。方法：运用Ｃｙｂｅｘ－６０００型等速测力系统分别对２４名患者及正常人在慢速（３０°／ｓ）和中速（９０°／ｓ）条件下进行峰力矩、最大单次作功量、力矩加速能及平均功率的测定。结果：两种测试速度下，患者腰屈肌峰力矩值与正常人相比分别降低５．７５％和１４．４３％，但无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；而腰伸肌峰力矩值分别降低２５．６８％和２７．９２％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。患者屈肌和伸肌的力矩加速能、最大单次作功量、平均功率均较正常人显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。患者屈肌／伸肌峰力矩比值较正常人显著增大。结论：腰椎间盘突出症患者腰屈伸肌功能同时受到一定影响，且腰伸肌肌力的下降甚于屈肌。提示患者康复过程中需加强腰屈伸肌肌肉功能的训练，尤其应强调腰伸肌的训炼     

骨质疏松患者疼痛与下肢肌力及生理功能间的相关性分析

目的研究原发性骨质疏松或骨量低下患者疼痛与下肢肌力、生理功能间的相关性,为制订科学康复方案提供参考依据。 方法共选取57例绝经期骨量低下或原发性骨质疏松患者,采用多关节等速测试系统检测患者下肢肌力,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评定下肢及腰背部疼痛,选用汉化版SF-36健康调查问卷对患者生理功能进行评定。 结果经相关性分析发现,入选患者腰痛及腿痛均与生理功能具有显著负相关性（P＜0.05）;且腿痛与生理功能的相关性大于腰痛;下肢在慢速及中速运动时,腿痛与优势腿伸肌群肌力均具有显著负相关性（均P＜0.05）;与优势腿屈肌群肌力均无明显相关性（均P＞0.05）。 结论原发性骨质疏松或骨量低下患者疼痛与其生理功能间具有显著负相关性,其中腿痛与生理功能的相关性大于腰痛;在肢体慢速及中速运动时,腿痛与优势腿伸肌群肌力具有显著负相关性,与屈肌群肌力无明显相关性。     

膝骨关节炎患者股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性

目的应用表面肌电图和等速肌力测定方法比较膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性改变。方法34例膝骨关节炎患者和34名膝关节健康者在膝关节屈曲10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式下,进行股内侧肌(VM)、股直肌(RF)和股外侧肌(VL)的表面肌电图和股四头肌肌力的评测,包括肌肉激活启动顺序和VM/VL神经肌电比值。结果与正常人对比,膝骨关节炎患者在等速180°/s伸膝运动时VM相对于VL启动延迟（P＜0.05）;在膝屈10°等长伸膝运动时,VM/VL神经肌电比值降低（P＜0.05）。结论膝骨关节炎患者患侧股四头肌的协调性减退。     

创伤高血糖与感染和MODS早期诊断和干预

本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。     

腹膜后纤维化与肾积水发生关系的临床研究

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化（RPF）导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法：回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果：（1）RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛（69.2%）;（2）红细胞沉降率（ESR）增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影（IVP）和CT尿路成像（CTU）表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例（37.5%）,优于超声检查;（3）输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;（4）特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论：影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。     

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions

Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.     

Migraine and genetic and acquired vasculopathies

It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.     

Physician and Nurse Practitioner Teamwork and Job Satisfaction: Gender and Profession

Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.     

Telemedicine and teleradiology technologies and applications

Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.     

妊娠合并血小板减少症与心、肝、肾脏器损伤

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少症伴随重要脏器的损伤情况。方法前瞻性研究我院及北华大学附属医院2004年10月至2005年5月妊娠合并血小板减少症的临床资料，对41例妊娠合并血小板减少症者尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（CREA）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的测定及妊娠期高血压疾病与血小板计数（PLT），血小板平均体积（MPV）和血小板体积分布宽度（PDW）参数的测定进行对比分析。结果妊娠合并血小板减少症患者心、肝、肾等重要脏器均有不同程度的改变，且随着血小板计数降低，损害程度加剧，差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。妊娠期高血压疾病，随着疾病程度的加重，血小板计数较正常孕妇明显减少，MPV、PDW明显升高，有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论血小板参数是判断疾病的重要参考指标，肝、肾、心脏器损伤程度与血小板计数具有相关性。     

Literature and poetry: Pleasure and practice

The value of a humanities perspective in the initial and continuing education of practising nurses and midwives is discussed briefly. It is suggested that nursing requires a blend of both science and sensitivity and that empirical knowledge alone is insufficient for one who cares for others. The value of literature in relation to the notions of catharsis, vicarious experience and insight into the lives of patients will be discussed. Some examples of literature that may be used to help nurses gain insight into aspects of death and dying, midwifery, physical disability and mental illness are presented.     

Migraine and stroke in childhood and adolescence

Over 3 years we evaluated two patients, an adolescent and a child, with migraine-like headache and ischemic stroke. Based on our clinical observations and on liter: review of migraine and stroke in the pediatric age group, we believe that the criteria of migrainous infarction outlined by the International Headache Society (IHS) could be occasionally too restrictive Therefore, we suggest subclassifying migrainous infarction into: (i) "definite", referring to the patient: ischemic stroke fulfills all the IHS criteria, (ii) "possible", referring to ischemic strokes which I 1 some, but not all, criteria. This subclassification of migrainous infarction may be relevant in cal practice and in human research studies.