男男性接触者HIV／STD感染状况及其影响因素

男男性接触者是指与其他男性进行性行为的男性。有研究表明，在男男性接触者人群中HIV和STD感染率分别为9％～29％和27．0％～32．0％，HIV感染率在不同的国家、地区以及不同年龄和种族中存在差异，在STD中以淋病和梅毒最为常见。影响男男性接触者感染HIV／STD的因素主要包括个人危险意识差，安全套使用率低，不了解自己和性伴的感染状况以及社会歧视等。     

男男性行为艾滋病毒感染者梅毒感染的影响因素分析

目的:了解男男性行为(MSM)艾滋病毒感染者之梅毒感染的影响因素,为医师制定合适的行为介入和卫教宣导干预方案提供指导。方法:本研究于2014年1月至2015年6月期间,以自填问卷的方式,对我院建档复诊的MSM艾滋病毒感染者进行问卷调查,问卷调查内容主要包括人口学基本资料、健康状况及服药情况、性行为模式三大部分。结果:263例MSM艾滋病毒感染者中,48.7%出现梅毒感染,单因素分析发现,职业、病程、CD4 T细胞数量、病毒载量、是否使用HAART药物、主要性伴侣是否为HIV感染者、是否有非主要性伴侣、有无使用娱乐性药物8个因素是艾滋病毒感染者之梅毒感染的相关变项。多因素分析发现,教师/军人/公职人员(OR=0.20)是梅毒感染的保护因素,使用HAART药物(OR=4.67)、主要性伴侣是/有的是有的不是HIV感染者(OR=3.41)、有非主要性伴侣(OR=2.19)以及使用娱乐性药物(OR=2.14)是梅毒感染的危险因素。结论:MSM艾滋病感染者之后感染梅毒的情况较为普遍,在后续的追踪管理中应结合危险因素加强对高危人员的行为介入和卫教宣导,减少其梅毒感染几率。     

成都市男男性行为HIV阳性感染者拒绝接受抗病毒药物治疗的质性研究

目的 了解并分析成都市男男性行为HIV阳性(MSM-HIV)感染者拒绝接受抗病毒药物治疗的原因，为帮助拒绝抗病毒药物治疗的MSM-HIV个体尽早启动治疗给予改善策略与建议。方法 采用描述性质性研究方法对成都市16例MSM-HIV阳性感染者进行半结构化访谈，运用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析，将访谈内容进行深入分析、整理并提炼主题。结果 根据16例MSM-HIV受访者的访谈结果，共提炼出8个主题，其中包括支持缺乏12例、认为自己没有感染HIV 5例、知识缺乏8例、药物不良反应5例、歧视感知13例、心理应对不良10例、信任缺乏5例、隐私暴露5例。结论 MSM-HIV感染者拒绝接受抗病毒药物治疗的原因多样，改善大众对感染人群态度，提高社会认可与接纳度，提升感染者自我身份认同与疾病认知，疏导感染者心理压力，加强患者隐私保护，可达到帮助MSM-HIV阳性感染者尽早启动抗病毒药物治疗的目的。     

男男性接触者HIV/STD感染状况及其影响因素

男男性接触者是指与其他男性进行性行为的男性。有研究表明,在男男性接触者人群中HIV和STD感染率分别为9%~29%和27·0%~32·0%,HIV感染率在不同的国家、地区以及不同年龄和种族中存在差异,在STD中以淋病和梅毒最为常见。影响男男性接触者感染HIV/STD的因素主要包括个人危险意识差,安全套使用率低,不了解自己和性伴的感染状况以及社会歧视等。     

男男性接触HIV感染者患有多种性病1例

由于我们开展了重点人群预防艾滋病宣传教育,一年来不断从男男性接触人群中查出艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者,但从1例HIV感染者中查出患有多种性病还属首次,现报道如下。临床资料患者男,26岁,未婚。2005年8月与1位同性性伴来门诊就诊,主诉外生殖器有赘生物,自己经常用手掐除,现越来越     

男男性行为性病患者性行为特征分析

目的: 分析近一年曾患性传播感染(STI)的男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)性行为特征及感染STI的影响因素.方法: 对近一年曾患STI者的性行为及STI相关因素进行分析,并与未患STI者进行比较.结果: 近一年曾患STI的MSM同性性伴数、与同性性伴间的高危行为、网络寻找性伴并与网友发生性行为等方面均高于对照组.多因素分析,从事男男性工作和性交时出血与近一年患STI关系密切.结论: 应继续加强对MSM人群进行安全性行为健康教育,以降低STI和HIV感染风险.     

南宁市男男性行为者HIV感染确诊前后性行为变化及其影响因素分析

目的了解南宁市男男性行为人群(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/患者确诊前后与固定同性性伴发生性行为的变化特征及其影响因素。方法 2016年5月-12月间匿名调查的124例HIV阳性MSM病例作为研究对象,对其调查结果进行分析。结果 124例研究对象平均年龄(28.40±9.90)岁,以未婚(72.58%)、汉族(61.29%)、大专及以上学历(50.81%)为主,78.23%通过互联网寻找同性伴侣;确诊前与固定同性性伴的安全套坚持使用率仅为17.31%,而确诊后与固定同性性伴的无保护性行为均减少(P0.001),且固定同性性伴数减少(P0.001)。固定同性性伴为阳性的比例分别从确诊前的24.04%上升到50.85%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,确诊HIV阳性后发生无保护性行为的危险因素有:确诊前与固定同性性伴是否发生无保护性行为(OR=2.906,95%CI:1.675～5.962,P=0.017)、确诊后固定同性性伴数(OR=1.511,95%CI:1.232～1.978,P=0.014)。结论 MSM人群HIV感染者在确诊后无保护性肛交和多性伴性行为明显减少,但部分仍保持高危性行为,应进一步开展扩大检测和抗病毒治疗等干预措施,尽早发现感染者,控制HIV在该人群中的流行及"二代传播"。     

广州市男男性行为人群STD/HIV相关高危行为特征及就诊延误影响因素调查分析

目的:了解广州市男男性行为(MSM)人群STD/HIV相关高危行为特征和就诊延误影响因素,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法:2014年10月至2015年9月期间,对参加STD/HIV自愿咨询检测且已经出现疑似STD/HIV感染相关症状、近2年内发生过同性性行为的MSM进行面对面问卷调查,采集静脉血检测HIV和梅毒。结果:共调查313名MSM,38.02%近2年内与异性发生过性行为,40.89%拥有固定的同性性伴,肛交性行为中每次都使用安全套的比例为47.04%。本次病程中80.51%发生就诊延误,首次就诊间隔时间平均为30天,影响就诊延误的因素主要包括职业、对同性恋的态度、近2年是否发生异性性行为、是否曾患其它非梅毒性病、就诊频次、是否暂停性生活。血清学监测结果 HIV感染率为20.77%,现症梅毒感染率为6.39%,同时感染HIV和梅毒的比例为4.79%,就诊延误发生者的HIV感染率和梅毒感染率均高于未发生就诊延误者,差异有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论:广州市MSM人群HIV感染率高,高危行为普遍存在,就诊延误发生率高,防控形势严峻,应加大宣传教育、提高医疗服务可及性和服务质量以减少就诊延误的发生。     

兰州市男男性接触人群HIV流行影响因素分析

目的了解兰州市男男性接触人群(MSM)HIV流行影响因素,为制定艾滋病防治策略和干预措施提供科学依据。方法 2006-2010年连续5年采用MSM志愿者"滚雪球"的方法对出入酒吧和洗浴场所的男男性接触者进行问卷调查及血清学检测,并进行卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共调查889人,检出HIV抗体阳性53例,阳性率为5.96%;HIV阳性率呈逐年上升趋势(P=0.006);年龄大(>30岁,OR=3.458,95%CI1.421～8.702)、双性恋(OR=2.047,95%CI1.264～3.123)、首次同性性行为>35岁(OR=2.542,95%CI1.113～5.948)、同性性行为(OR=2.081,95%CI1.014～3.621)、多性伴(OR=3.754,95%CI1.876～7.423)是感染HIV的危险因素;文化程度高(大专及以上文化,OR=0.374,95%CI0.198～0.654)、艾滋病知识(OR=0.549,95%CI0.338～0.910)是感染HIV的保护因素。结论兰州市MSM人群感染及传播HIV的危险行为普遍存在,且具备了艾滋病流行的条件,应采取有效措施加以控制。     

乌鲁木齐市男男性行为人群HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况分析

近几年,我国艾滋病感染者中通过男男性行为传播的比例迅速增长,梅毒感染率更是呈现出快速增长势头,形势十分严峻。为了解乌鲁木齐市男男性行为人群（MSM）HIV、梅毒及丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染状况,以及人口学、基本知识、行为学特征。2009年7～9月,在知情同意的前提下,对MSM人群进行面对面的问卷调查及血清学检测。     

Regional variation in percutaneous absorption in man: measurement by the stripping method

Summary The influence of anatomic site on the relationship between total penetration of a molecule and its quantities present in the stratum corneum (SC) 30 min after application was quantified in an in vivo study. For each site, six male volunteers received two symmetrical applications of 1,000 nmol benzoic acid ¹⁴C to an area of 1 cm² for 30 min. The first application permitted measurement of total absorption of benzoic acid within 4 days (urinary excretion method), while the second enabled determination of the quantity of benzoic acid in the SC at the end of the application time. Total penetration according to site is: back < arm < chest < thigh < abdomen < forehead, (with the forehead being three times more permeable than the back). Whatever the sites and the origin of the differences observed, the results show that the single measurement of the amounts of a compound present in the SC at 30 min postapplication appears sufficient to predict its total penetration, these two parameters being linearly correlated (r=0.97, P<0.001).     

Measurement of low level carbon-14 in biologic specimens by wet ashing

Summary Pharmacokinetic studies of animal and human skin are often advantageously performed with low levels of C-14. We detail an efficient wet ashing method capable of detecting 20 dpm per sample, equivalent to twice the background level, thus permitting complete kinetic assays with 1 Ci or less of C-14 per subject.     

Hypochlorite sensitivity in man

Observation of an individual with immediate-type reaction following exaggerated dermal exposure lo hypochlorite-containing cleaning products prompted review of similar hypersensitivity reactions attributed to hypochlorite or other highly reactive chemicals. This review confirms isolated incidences of hypochlorite sensitivity of the delayed type (allergic contact dermatitis), as well as immediate-type reactions from inhalation or topical challenge of sensitized individuals. We conclude that it is possible that excessive and prolonged exposure to hypochlorite may in some cases result in irritation and damage to the skin. This potentially gives rise to altered proteins which in rare cases may cause hypersensitivity. This reaction is common to other reactive small molecules with a strong irritant action.     

Comparative evaporimetry in man

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements are frequently used; the most widely utilized instrument has been the open chamber device. Traditional open-chamber systems for measuring TEWL have limitations related to ambient and body-induced airflows near the probe, probe size, measurement site and angles. Recent technology provides a portable and battery-operated closed chamber Evaporimeter. It is presumably less affected by external factors such as room- or body-induced airflows, breathing or heating of the probe by the operators' hand. This study compares this commercial instrument, a closed chamber device, with a traditional open-chamber device. METHODS: Two open chamber devices and one closed chamber device were used in such a way that each instrument could simultaneously measure TEWL in an identical experimental environment with known relative humidity and temperature values. TEWL values of seven locations on healthy volunteers were measured simultaneously with each instrument in the same room according to the guidelines of the standardization group of the European society of contact dermatitis. RESULTS: For TEWL values of all forearm locations, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values measured by all three instruments. For TEWL values of forehead locations, there was a significant difference between the mean values of open chamber device and closed chamber device. For the forehead, values from closed chamber device were higher than the open one. CONCLUSION: The TEWL values measured by all instruments were constant with small standard deviations. These instruments appear sufficiently robust that a standardization group could document similarities and differences with in vitro models. We suspect that both techniques will continue to be used and that the closed method will find increasing use because of its ease of use.