外阴Pinkus纤维上皮瘤

报告1例外阴Pinkus纤维上皮瘤。患者女，71岁。左大阴唇外侧斑块10余年。皮肤科检查见左大阴唇外侧一2cm×2cm灰黑色浸润性斑块．质地中等，边缘清楚，表面散在红色点状糜烂面，无明显渗液。皮损组织病理检查：棘层下方大量基底样细胞增生．增生的细胞呈条索状嵌入真皮增生的纤维间质中，彼此吻合形成网状，基底细胞胞核大而深染，胞质少，呈嗜碱性，表皮基膜完整，真皮内有以淋巴细胞为主的大量炎性细胞浸润。诊断：外阴Pinkus纤维上皮瘤。     

红皮病120例病因分析

目的：探讨红皮病的病因及并发感染的情况。方法：回顾性分析120例红皮病患者的临床资料。结果：120例患者中73．3％红皮病继发于原有皮肤病，其他致病原因依次为药物过敏、肿瘤，部分原因不明。28．3％并发感染的红皮病患者中，41～60岁组和〉60岁年龄组的感染率高于≤40岁年龄组，差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）；血浆白蛋白降低组患者感染率高于血浆白蛋白正常组患者，差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：红皮病病因多种多样，不能忽视非常见病因的存在。随着年龄的增长和血浆白蛋白的降低，红皮病患者的感染率增加，应注意皮肤护理及早期支持治疗。     

953株支原体药敏试验结果分析

目的：分析深圳地区支原体对抗生素的敏感性，为临床治疗提供实验室依据。方法：采用法国梅里埃液体培养法进行解脲脲原体和人型支原体培养鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果：953例支原体阳性标本中，Uu阳性635例、Mh阳性55例、Uu＋Mh合并阳性263例。单独解脲脲原体阳性者对环丙沙星耐药率最高为87％，而单独人型支原体阳性或两者混合感染者对红霉素耐药率最高，分别为94．6％和85.16％。结论：支原体的药物敏感度检测，对于掌握支原体的流行状况和耐药程度，临床选择用药有重要的参考意义。     

3种抗真菌药治疗甲真菌病疗效对比观察

应用伊曲康唑、特比萘芬、氟康唑３种不同抗真菌药物治疗１２０例甲真菌病患者,并作疗效对比观察,结果显示,３种药物均有较艰的抗真菌疗效,特比萘芬疗效优于伊曲康唑及氟康唑,伊曲康唑疗效优于所经康唑。３种药物近、中、远期临床治愈率及真菌学阴转率,复发率Ｐ值均〉０．０５,无统计学意义。     

二期梅毒41例免疫组化特征分析

【摘要】 目的 探索梅毒螺旋体在二期梅毒皮疹中的分布特点及其与组织病理的相关性。方法 选取2008年1月至2018年12月在北京协和医院皮肤性病科通过组织病理检查，并根据临床表现和血清学检查确诊的二期梅毒患者41例，分析皮损组织切片的免疫组化结果，并以此为分组依据，分析不同组间临床及组织病理特点的差异。对连续数据使用t检验或Kruskal-Wallis检验评估两组间差异；对分类数据使用卡方或Fisher精确检验来评估组间差异。结果 免疫组化检查显示，42份二期梅毒皮损切片中，68.3%存在梅毒螺旋体，主要分布于表皮下部及真皮浅中层。以斑疹为主的二期梅毒疹的梅毒螺旋体阳性率［80%（16/20）］较以丘疹为主的二期梅毒疹［50%（11/22）］高（P < 0.05）。在10种病理特征中，免疫组化阳性组较阴性组更常表现出皮突延长（P < 0.05）、基底细胞液化变性（P < 0.05）、角质层中性粒细胞浸润（P < 0.05）、苔藓样浸润模式（P < 0.05）、点状角质形成细胞坏死（P < 0.05）。免疫组化显示有较多数量梅毒螺旋体的切片表现出更多病理特征（H = 17.914，P < 0.001）。梅毒螺旋体免疫组化染色显示有大量（8份）、中量（14份）及少量（5份）梅毒螺旋体的切片分别平均有8种、7种及6种梅毒特异性组织病理特征；15份梅毒螺旋体免疫组化阴性的组织切片平均只有4种病理特征。 结论 免疫组化可以显示梅毒螺旋体在二期梅毒皮疹中的分布，梅毒螺旋体含量较多的组织切片显示更多的梅毒特异性病理特征。     

银屑病并发症的研究进展

银屑病以及银屑病的治疗可能会导致多器官和系统损害，如：代谢综合征、心血管疾病、精神疾病、感染、肿瘤、消化系统疾病、肾脏疾病、关节炎等。本文对银屑病并发症的研究进展进行了综述。     

天疱疮合并症的研究进展

天疱疮是一种以表皮内棘层松解为特征的自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病。天疱疮可以合并银屑病、神经系统疾病、血液系统疾病、其他自身免疫性疾病以及肿瘤等。近年来有关天疱疮合并症的报道越来越多,本文对天疱疮合并症的研究进展作一综述。     

Spatial analysis of choice of place of delivery in Nigeria

ObjectiveAccess to quality healthcare during childbirth is a crucial factor for taming maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Increasing this access in developing countries depends on understanding the factors influencing maternal healthcare decision at a geographical location. This study analyzes spatial pattern in choice of place of delivery in Nigeria.MethodData analyzed came from Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey data set. The choice of place delivery was considered a multi-categorical response and a multinomial logistic regression model used to evaluate spatial variations in choosing a particular place to deliver against home delivery.ResultsResults show a north–south divide in choosing health facilities against homes for delivery. The likelihood of institutional delivery was significantly lower for women residing in Bayelsa and the majority of the states in northern Nigeria. As women advance in age, they have more likelihood of having institutional deliveries. Other contributing factors that favor institutional deliveries include use of antenatal care services, urban dwelling, mass media and parity.ConclusionUsage of mass media to campaign for institutional deliveries particularly in northern Nigeria, among younger women and those of higher parity; encouraging the use of antenatal services and even distribution of health facilities making them easily accessible to rural women are important for enhancing chances of institutional deliveries. Also, state-specific policies in this regard are indispensable.     

泼尼松治疗麻风神经炎疗效评价

目的：评价泼尼松治疗麻风神经炎的疗效.方法：对麻风急性神经炎32例和无痛性神经炎28例,共60例患者给予泼尼松顿服治疗6个月,定期评价神经功能变化.结果：急性神经炎患者痊愈率65.3%,总有效率为95.7%;无痛性神经炎患者痊愈率35.1%,总有效率为78.4%.结论：泼尼松治疗对急性神经炎患者疗效显著,6个月内的无痛性神经炎患者也有较好的疗效,可作为治疗麻风神经炎首选药物.     

A review of the mechanisms of action of dimethylfumarate in the treatment of psoriasis

Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) such as dimethylfumarate (DMF) are used for the treatment of adults with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. The mode of action of FAEs is complex. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature to describe the molecular mechanisms by which DMF and its active metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF) exert their anti‐inflammatory and immune modulatory effects. MMF can bind to the hydroxy‐carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) on the cell surface and both DMF and MMF react with intracellular glutathione following cell penetration. DMF and to some extent also MMF modulate the activity of certain cellular signalling proteins such as the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (Nf‐κB) and the cellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Some studies show that DMF can also affect the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α). These actions seem to be responsible for i) the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and ii) an overall shift from a proinflammatory Th1/Th17 response to an anti‐inflammatory/regulatory Th2 response. Both steps are necessary for the amelioration of psoriatic inflammation, although additional mechanisms have been proposed. There is a growing body of evidence to support the notion that DMF/MMF may also exert effects on granulocytes and non‐immune cell lineages including keratinocytes and endothelial cells. A better understanding of the multiple molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular action of FAEs will help to adapt and further improve the use of such small molecules for the treatment of psoriasis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.     

综合疗法治疗复发性念珠菌性包皮龟头炎

目的探讨口服氟康唑胶囊、外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏联合包皮环切术防治复发性念珠菌包皮龟头炎的疗效。方法采用随机分组法,治疗组(46例)给予氟康唑胶囊200mg,1次/d,连服3d,外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏,早、晚各1次,2周为1个疗程,炎症控制后行包皮环切术。对照组(40例)给予氟康唑胶囊连服6d,曲安奈德益康唑乳膏外用2周。治疗后2周及2,4和6个月时随访。结果 2周后,两组痊愈率分别为89.13%和85.00%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组有效率分别为100.00%和95.00%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2,4,6个月治疗组复发率分别为4.88%,9.76%和9.76%,对照组复发率分别为23.53%,38.24%和50.00%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论综合疗法治疗复发性念珠菌包皮龟头炎安全有效,并能有效减少复发。     

Treatment of hemangiomas of infancy

Hemangiomas of infancy are the most common tumors of childhood. They are clinically heterogeneous and as such require individualized treatment plans. Although there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents for treatment of hemangiomas of infancy, there are many widely used therapeutic options available. This review highlights the treatments currently in use and the factors that direct treatment.     

28例皮肤转移性肿瘤临床病理分析

对28例皮肤转移性肿瘤的临床及病理特征进行了分析。男性21例，女性7例，平均64例，临床表现为皮肤结节，病程平均为9个月，转移距原发瘤手术的时间平均13．6个月，有14例皮肤转移灶为首发症状。转移部位以胸，腹壁为多，其余为四肢，腰及颈部，原发部位包括乳房，肺，消化道，前列腺及膀胱。有8例原发部位不明。组织学类型以腺癌（46％）和鳞癌（25％）常见。患者多在1年内死亡，1例存活9年以上。     

两种切口的顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭的并发症对比分析

目的采用"W"形切口(A组)及"1"字形腋窝皱襞切口(B组)的顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭,统计分析两组患者术后并发症的发生率。方法回顾分析2011年5月-2013年12月采用两种切口的顶泌汗腺修剪术治疗腋臭163例,其中A组84例,B组79例,对其术后的并发症进行对比分析。结果 A组术后发生血肿5例、皮瓣坏死3例,切口裂开11例,局部瘢痕增生13例,异味残留3例;B组术后发生血肿4例,皮瓣坏死2例,切口裂开3例,局部瘢痕增生4例,异味残留4例。A、B组在切口裂开、局部瘢痕增生的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 "1"字形腋窝皱襞切口较"W"形切口的顶泌汗腺修剪术在一定程度上可减轻腋臭术后并发症。     

青斑样血管病64例皮损特点分析

【摘要】 目的 分析青斑样血管病网状青斑和紫癜性皮损的特点、分布规律。方法 回顾中国医学科学院皮肤病医院2017年7月至2020年10月诊治的64例青斑样血管病患者的临床资料。结果 64例中男23例,女41例;年龄13 ~ 54岁,发病年龄7 ~ 51岁,48例25岁前发病;病程6个月至10年。49例夏季发病或病情加重,皮损基本表现为坏死性不规则紫癜、紫癜性皮病样红斑、不规则溃疡、网状青斑、毛细血管扩张、不规则的白色萎缩性瘢痕和色素沉着。64例溃疡和坏死性紫癜多为不规则形,发生于足背和踝关节周围。40例有紫癜性皮病样的皮损表现,其中32例表现为色素性紫癜,8例表现为毛细血管扩张性紫癜。4例出现麻木刺痛等神经末梢受损的症状。结论 青斑样血管病的皮损表现多样,对于出现广泛网状青斑、紫癜样皮病样皮损、麻木等症状的患者,需做好鉴别诊断。     

先天性皮肤缺损12例临床分析

先天性皮肤缺损（ＣＡＳ）是一种少见的出生时皮肤局限或广泛缺损的疾病，以一定部位的皮肤缺损为特征，伴随多种异常、若干异常综合征及遗传方式。报告１２例ＣＡＳ，均有典型的皮肤症状，其中４例伴有其他异常：大疱性表皮松解症，趾甲缺损，胫腓骨远端细小畸形及二胫骨长短不一。     

Comparison of the potency of antihistamines

ABSTRACT: First- and second-generation antihistamines have proven effective in the management of patients with urticaria and allergic rhinitis; however, the efficacy of first-generation antihistamines has been compromised by undesirable side effects such as sedation, dry mouth, and blurred vision. Second-generation antihistamines, on the other hand, are less sedating and have fewer side effects than first-generation agents. Recently second-generation agents have been compared for their pharmacologic activities using an epicutaneous histamine-induced wheal and flare model in normal volunteers. Cetirizine was found to be superior to epinastine, ebastine, fexofenadine, terfenadine, loratadine, and placebo in inhibiting the wheal and flare response. Epinastine had the fastest onset of action at 30 minutes and terfenadine proved to be superior to its metabolite fexofenadine.     

麻风免疫学研究进展

麻风是由麻风分枝杆菌引起的慢性传染性疾病,发病与机体免疫密切相关。本文就麻风细胞免疫、体液免疫、免疫逃逸及遗传易感性等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

脉冲强光系统治疗太田痣临床疗效观察

目的：观察全波长脉冲强光系统（PhotoDerm)治疗太田痣的临床疗效。方法：74例太田痣患应用全波长脉冲强光治疗系统（PhotoDerm)进行治疗。选用645nm滤光器、能量密度318J/cm^2至42J／cm^2、三脉冲、脉宽为2.5ms至3．0ms、脉冲间歇30ms至50ms，治疗间隔3个月－6个月。结果：1次治疗后有效率（治愈＋显效＋有效）为43．2％，2次治疗后有效率为80％，3次治疗后有效率为97．6％，4次治疗后有效率为100％，5次治疗后显效率为100％。治疗次数和疗效（有效率）呈正相关（R＝1，P＜0．001）。有4例患获得治愈。结论：PhotoDerm治疗系统治疗太田痣有较好的临床疗效。