汕头市区2003年性病流行病学分析

目的：分析汕头市2003年性传播疾病(STD)流行病学特征，为政府部门制订预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法：对汕头市STD年报资料及人151数据进行统计分析。结果：汕头市2003年STD报告数为2163例，较2002年增长15．24％，年报告总发病率为158．38／10万。非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)发病数仍最高，尖锐湿疣、淋病仍居STD第二、第三位。结论：非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)、尖锐湿疣(CA)的增长呈明显上升趋势，HIV／AIDS、先天梅毒的形势较严峻，应引起重视。     

甘肃省庆阳市2010-2014年性病/艾滋病流行病学分析

目的分析庆阳市性病/艾滋病疫情资料,为"十三五"制定性病防控策略提供科学依据。方法对庆阳市2010-2014年网络直报的五种主要性病及艾滋病疫情资料进行流行病学描述性分析。结果 5年共报告2 869例性病病例,男女性别比为0.82∶1,女性发病率(28.07/10万)高于男性(22.28/10万),差异有统计学意义(P0.01);性病疫情年均发病率为28.56/10万,2014年发病率是2010年的2.07倍。疫情总体呈上升趋势(P0.01),除淋病外,梅毒、尖锐湿疣、HIV/AIDS病例数也呈现上升趋势(P0.01);年龄以20~39岁为主,占58.73%,50岁以上病例构成总体呈上升趋势;职业以农民为主,占70.93%;排前三位的性病为梅毒、淋病、尖锐湿疣,构成分别为56.71%,18.86%和17.32%,同时它们的发病率也居前三位。结论庆阳市性病疫情总体呈上升趋势,以梅毒、淋病、尖锐湿疣为主,HIV/AIDS发现人数也呈现增长趋势。     

广东省江门市新会区2000～2004年性病流行病学分析

目的：分析2000～2004年江门市新会区性病的流行情况。方法：对来自新会区2000～2004年每月上报的性病疫情数据，采用回顾性分析方法。结果：新会区2000～2004年登记上报性病病例7125例，平均年发病率166．95／10万，明显高于全省平均水平，但自2002年起发病率呈逐年下降趋势；男性发病一直高于女性，男：女为2．31：1；病种构成以非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)、淋病和尖锐湿疣为优势病种；HIV感染者也首次在性病高危人群中被发现。结论：新会区性病发病率近年虽呈下降趋势，但发病率仍明显高于全省水平，应进一步加大性病防治和控制工作力度，切实控制性病的蔓延。     

欢迎订阅《中华皮肤科杂志》（国内邮发代号28—30、国外MO 0344） 欢迎订阅《国外医学皮肤性病学分册》（邮发代号28-6）

及时发现和早期诊断是预防艾滋病(AIDS)传播的重要措施。我们于1997年6月至2002年11月，对我院内科和外科住院及性病门诊患者作了HIV抗体检测，以了解低流行区综合性医院就诊患者的人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染和艾滋病发病情况，探讨综合性医院对HIV／AIDS的筛查和预防措施。     

9675例特定人群HIV／STD监测结果分析

近几年我市STD的发病率呈逐年上升趋势，已连续数年位居全省前列。到目前为止虽然尚未发现HIV感染者，但周边地区均有HIV感染者及AIDS的病例报告。为掌握铜陵市特定人群的性病发病状况，尽早发现HIV感染者，及时调整防治对策，有效遏制STD的流行，我市于1997年7月至1999年12月开展了对全市特定人群的性病、艾滋病主动监测工作，现将9675例特定人群HIV／STD监测结果分析如下。……     

深圳市1995～2000年性传播疾病流行趋势分析

目的:了解深圳市1995－2000年性病艾滋病流行动态特征,为政府制订预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:对深圳市1995－2000年性病年报资料及人口数据进行统计分析。结果:①深圳市1995－2000年性病流行处在一个相对平稳的阶段,报告年发病率在196．67－327．76/10万,最高最低发病率之间不超过2倍。②1998年以前,深圳市性病年发病率一直呈上升趋势,之后发病有所下降,至2000年降低至196.67/10万最低水平。③深圳市1995－2000年度性病报告发病率仍高于全国平均发病水平,但与全国性病发病率呈持续上升趋势有所不同,深圳市性病发病率上升势头有所减缓,初步显现稳中有降的良好态势。④淋病虽为优势病种,但构成比逐年下降,梅毒发病率及构成增长最快,艾滋病病毒感染者近年呈快速上升趋势。⑤患者来源外地人群平均占59．62%;传播方式以非婚性接触占大多数。结论:深圳市性病总的上升势头得到控制,但梅毒艾滋病流行仍呈上升趋势,预防和控制工作力度仍应加强。     

中国性病的流行特点

目的 了解我国性病流行趋势及流行特点，为制定控制对策提供科学依据。方法 对1991—2002年我国各省、自治区和直辖市的性病疫情报告资料进行流行病学分析。结果 ①流行趋势：1991～2000年全国性病发病呈增长趋势，由1991年的175528例(报告发病率为15．48／10万)，增至2000年的859040例(报告发病率为68．91／10万)，年均增长19．30％(增长幅度范围2．59％—36．88％)。但在2001年和2002年全国性病报告病例数出现轻度下降。②地区分布：不同省份甚至同一省份的不同地区性病发病率相差很大，城市高于农村，经济发达和交通便利的地区高于经济落后的地区，全国性病发病较高的地区为珠江三角洲(如广东、海南、广西)、长江三角洲(如上海、江苏、浙江)、闽江地区(福建)、东北三省(辽宁、黑龙江、吉林)、京津地区、重庆地区，1997年后这些地区发病率普遍高于50～100／10万；发病较低的地区为华北与中原地区(河北、山西、河南、内蒙)、西北部分地区(陕西)和西南部分地区(四川、云南和贵州)，其报告发病率一般低于30～50／10万。③人群分布：男女性病病例的比例逐渐缩小，由90年代早期的1．60：1～1．69：1缩小至90年代后期的1．35：1～1．40：1；以20～29岁年龄组发病率最高，其次为30～39岁和40～39岁，10～14岁组最低，20～39岁约占全部性病病例数的80～85％以上。结论 全国性病流行形势日益严峻，应引起足够重视。     

2004～2007年HIV^＋／AIDS病例分析

目的分析HIV^＋／AIDS的流行病学特点，为预防和控制HIV^＋／AIDS的流行和曼延提供科学依据。方法采用隆阳区疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治科2004～2007年新发现的HIV感染者及AIDS病人的有关资料进行流行病学统计分析。结果4年间全区共报告HIV^＋／AIDS病例608例，总发病率为17.68／10万；其中男性358例，女性250例；发病主要集中在（25～34）岁年龄段，占总发病数的45．34％；传播途径主要是异性性行为传播，占总发病数的46.2％。结论隆阳区HIV^＋／AIDS的流行趋势十分严峻，异性性行为是主要的传播方式，对青少年和女性的危害日趋严重，应采取有效措施预防和控制HIV^＋／AIDS在青少年和妇女中的传播。     

HIV/AIDS流行特征和发现方式分析

目的分析性病监测区1997～2006年HIV/AIDS的就诊原因和流行特征,为今后制定防治策略提供依据。方法①整理并调查医院报告及高危人群监测资料;②应用描述流行病学,分析10年HIV/AIDS发病率变化和就诊原因,使用SPSS12.0处理数据。结果10年监测资料显示,本地区艾滋病处于低感染阶段,经cox-stuart检验,发病呈上升趋势(z=-2.619,n=5,P=0.009),年均增幅达4.6%;HIV/AIDS与梅毒增长呈高度正相关(r=0.936);流动人口对本地区HIV/AIDS流行影响非常突出。AIDS以去消化内科就诊被发现者最多(56.52%),HIV感染者主要因术前检查和综合监测发现(57.58%)。结论强化防治策略,加强血源安全管理和高危人群干预活动,阻断HIV通过桥梁人群向一般人群的传播流行,有效控制性病特别是梅毒的发病率对于控制艾滋病的流行有着重要意义。     

综合性医院HIV/AIDS的筛查

及时发现和早期诊断是预防艾滋病(AIDS)传播的重要措施。我们于1997年6月至2002年11月,对我院内科和外科住院及性病门诊患者作了HIV抗体检测,以了解低流行区综合性医院就诊患者的人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染和艾滋病发病情况,探讨综合性医院对HIV/AIDS的筛查和预防措施。     

深圳市性滥妇女性传播感染调查分析

目的：了解深圳市公安局收容教育所性滥妇女性传播感染(STI)情况。方法：收集整理1998～2002年10月深圳市某监测点性滥妇女体检资料及实验室检测资料，并作流行病学分析。结果：在6673例性滥妇女中，共检出性病1396例，检出率为20．92％。其中梅毒检出例数最多，尖锐湿疣、NGU、淋病等次之。结论：性滥妇女性病检出率高，是性病传播的主要传染源，也是性病防治的重点人群，梅毒是当前该地区应重点监控的病种。     

美国疾病控制中心最新性传播疾病诊断标准与治疗方案介绍

介绍美国疾病控制中心2002年性传播疾病中以尿道炎和宫颈炎为特征的疾病，非淋菌性尿道炎、粘液脓性宫颈炎、衣原体感染、淋球菌感染的诊断标准和治疗方案，以供临床医生在STD诊治中参考。     

Oral sex as a risk factor for Chlamydia-negative ureaplasma-negative nongonococcal urethritis

We present a case-control study that evaluated the association of Chlamydia-negative, Ureaplasma-negative nongonococcal urethritis with oral and/or anal sex. The study population was composed of 120 patients diagnosed as having nongonococcal urethritis in the Diagnostic Center for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) of the Medical School of Seville. Cases were 56 men suffering from nonogonococcal urethritis from whom neither Chlamydia trachomatis nor Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated; the remaining 64 males with cultures positive for these agents were considered as controls. Insertive genital-oral intercourse significantly increased the risk of Chlamydia-negative, Ureaplasma-negative nongonococcal urethritis (odds ratio, 11.400; 95% confidence interval, 2.357-75.057). This association was still very strong (odds ratio, 8.882) after adjustment for homosexuality. Insertive anal intercourse appears not to increase the risk of Chlamydia-negative, Ureaplasma-negative nongonococcal urethritis. We conclude that insertive oral sex can be an important risk factor in the development of nongonnococcal urethritis in which the microbial agent is still unknown.     

Comparative rates of sexually transmitted diseases among heterosexual men, homosexual men, and heterosexual women

The prevalences of several sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among patients attending a public STD clinic were determined in a prospective study. Rates of gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, nongonococcal urethritis, pediculosis pubis, scabies, and venereal warts were ascertained according to sex, sexual preference, and race. Numbers of cases of diseases not routinely reported to most public health agencies exceeded numbers of cases of diseases that are routinely reported. Rates of gonorrhea were higher among men than among women and higher among blacks than among whites. Syphilis was most common among homosexual men. Trichomoniasis was three times more frequent among blacks than among whites. Rates of nongonococcal urethritis among heterosexual men were almost twice those among homosexual men. Whites were more likely than blacks to have pediculosis pubis, scabies, and venereal warts. STD not routinely reported to most public health agencies are commonly seen in public clinics, and rates vary according to sex, sexual preference, and race.     

儿童性病63例临床分析

目的 了解儿童性病的构成传播途径。方法 使用病原体培养、抗原检测、5%冰醋酸发白试验、病理、RPP、TPHA结合临床诊断，并进行详细分析。结果 63例患者中NGU27例，GU21例，淋菌性眼炎4例，GU合并NGU1例，CA8例，GH1例，SY1例，以女性儿童多见，主要由家庭成人传染。结论 儿童性病主要病种是NGU、GU、CA，与成人性病构成相近；控制成人是预防儿童性病的关键。     

Susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis to antibiotics in vitro and in vivo.

The susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis to antibiotics was studied in vitro and in patients with nongonococcal urethritis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, erythromycin, pivampicillin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, which were the most effective drugs, were 10, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. The clinical observations suggested that of the antibiotics studied, doxycycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were effective for treatment of chlamydial infection and nongonococcal urethritis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole seemed less efficient for treatment of patients with nongonococcal urethritis whose cultures were chlamydia-negative. Pivampicillin, although it was active in vitro against C. trachomatis, did not produce a satisfactory clinical response. Untreated patients had symptoms of urethritis and chlamydial infection for three weeks. Incubation periods of a week or less were recorded for about half of the patients who had nongonococcal urethritis, both those whose cultures were chlamydia-positive and those whose cultures were chlamydia-negative. However, a few patients in both groups reported incubation periods of four weeks or more.     

Sexually transmitted diseases of older persons in Washington State

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in persons older than 50 years are rarely studied because STDs are more common in young people. Understanding the epidemiology of STDs in older persons is important for reducing STD morbidity and for improving STD care. GOAL: To understand the epidemiology of STDs in older persons. METHODS: Washington State's STD surveillance data from 1992 to 1998 were analyzed to describe the burden of STDs and source of care for these diseases in older persons. RESULTS: From 1992 to 1998, 1535 episodes of STDs were reported for 50- to 80-year-olds in Washington State, accounting for 1.3% of all reported STDs. The most common STDs were nongonococcal urethritis in men and genital herpes in women. As compared with younger persons, older individuals more frequently sought care at private clinics and had symptoms at the time of the clinic visit. CONCLUSIONS: Sexually transmitted diseases are reported among older persons, although at lower rates than among younger persons. Services for STD and counseling regarding safe sex should be available to persons of all ages.     

Association of Mycoplasma genitalium persistence in the urethra with recurrence of nongonococcal urethritis

BACKGROUND: Most patients with recurrent symptomatic nongonococcal urethritis receive negative test results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and the cause of such recurrence usually is unknown. GOAL: To assess the association of Mycoplasma genitalium with recurrent nongonococcal urethritis. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, 72 men with nongonococcal urethritis were treated with levofloxacin. Before and after treatment, symptoms and signs were assessed and first-pass urine was examined for C trachomatis, M genitalium, U urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis by polymerase chain reaction-based assays. RESULTS: In 6 of 45 men who had no symptoms and no evidence of inflammation after treatment, nongonococcal urethritis recurred. Of these 6 men, 5 had positive test results for M genitalium before levofloxacin treatment, which remained positive afterward. After the second treatment for recurrent nongonococcal urethritis, one man was still had a positive test result for the mycoplasma and experienced a subsequent recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the persistence of M genitalium in the urethra may be associated with recurrence of nongonococcal urethritis.     

Predicting subsequent infection in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics

OBJECTIVE/GOAL: The objective of this study was to identify characteristics associated with subsequent infection in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. STUDY DESIGN: Records were retrospectively reviewed for patients from public STD clinics in 4 cities for 12 months after their initial visit to assess subsequent infection with gonorrhea, chlamydia, mucopurulent cervicitis, nongonococcal urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, primary or secondary syphilis, or trichomoniasis. RESULTS: Among 64,463 patients, 33.9% had an initial STD and 7.0% had a subsequent STD. Patients with an initial STD had significantly higher probability of a subsequent STD than patients without (12.0% vs. 4.4%). A subsequent STD was significantly more likely for both sexes for those with an initial STD, who were symptomatic at initial visit, reporting exchange of sex, or under age 20 as well as for men reporting sex with men. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an initial STD were more likely to return with a subsequent STD. Routinely collected information such as initial diagnosis or age can help identify patients at increased risk of a subsequent STD.