为美国宇航局设计的手提式生理参数监护仪

手提式生理参数监护仪是一种采用混台式集成电路技术的小型化装置。它能显示体温、心率、呼吸率。通过外电路的处理还能显示收缩压和舒张压。它的主要元件是液晶显示器,四道二端输入数字开关和六个新的混合电路,包括:体温监护器;心电放大器;阻抗呼吸描记器和呼吸率信号调节器;心率/呼吸率处理机;液晶显示激励器相同步脉冲电路。重新设计了通用电路,取消了大的电容器和电位计,并减少了定标调节的数量。提高了显示方式的适应性,各个电路都能独立应用于其他用途。从三个胸壁电极和一个温度监视热敏电阻引出信息输入到电路中去。胸壁电极信号同时馈送至心电放大器和呼吸信号调节器。在心电电路内的信号被放大、滤波并用来作为标准     

多参数中央监护系统的研制

本文介绍了一个多参数中央监护系统，可同时监护１－８个床位。系统可显示病人的心电、呼吸、脉搏波形，及心率、呼吸率、血氧饱和度、无创血压、体温等多项生理参数。     

基于心电和脉搏波数据融合的呼吸率估计

本研究提出了一种通过心电和脉搏波提取呼吸信号并基于卡尔曼滤波的多路数据融合估计呼吸率的算法。算法分别从心电的RR间期、R波的绝对高度和脉搏波搏动周期中提取呼吸信号,利用AR模型估计呼吸率,根据信号波形、节律和频谱特征获得反映信号质量高低的质量指数,然后基于信号质量指数和卡尔曼滤波残差进行数据融合,获得融合呼吸率。14名志愿者参加了实验。结果表明,融合呼吸率比单独从心电或脉搏信号提取的呼吸率更好地反映了呼吸率的变化。与压阻式呼吸传感器提供的参考呼吸率相比,融合呼吸率误差为(-0.03±2.78)次/min,而从心电RR间期、R波的绝对高度和脉搏法提取的呼吸率的误差分别为(0.62±3.30)、(0.42±3.47)和(-0.17±2.69)次/min。总体认为,基于多路数据融合的方法可以有效避免干扰的影响,较准确地估计呼吸率。     

基于ARM的多通信方式的监护仪设计与实现

设计一种基于ARM的具有多种通信方式的多参数监护仪.以ARM9芯片S3C2440为控制核心,设计了生理信号采集电路、人机交互电路和通信接口电路,实现了心电、呼吸、血压、脉搏、体温和血氧饱和度的监测,并通过WiFi、GPRS和DM9000的接口设计,实现不同环境和条件下的有线和无线通信功能.软件采用Linux+QT平台编写,实现监护参数的分析处理、结果显示、记录和远程通信功能.对30位受试者,采用本监护仪和国产监护仪进行生理参数测量和比较.结果表明,本监护仪的测量验证的平均准确率为92.2％,可满足临床生理参数监护的使用要求,而且多种通信方式方便建立局域网和Internet网络连接,为远程医疗和家庭医疗提供条件.     

基于薄膜压力传感器的脉搏信号测试系统

人体脉搏信号携带有丰富的与健康相关的生理信息.为了方便脉搏信号的采集和研究,本文设计出一种采用轻触式薄膜按键面板工艺的自制脉搏压力传感器,并使用了常见的555和V-f转换器件将传感器压力信号转换为电信号,再通过后续设计的滤波、陷波放大电路以及电路的干扰抑制处理,系统就可以获取高质量的脉搏波信号.传感器的性能测试以及示波器的应用结果表明,基于薄膜压力传感器的脉搏信号测试系统工作性能稳定,并通过示波器的串口通信扩展模块或者LABVIEW采集卡可以在计算机上显示出采集的脉搏信号,此测试系统可用于脉象信息的采集与研究.     

基于光电容积脉搏波的呼吸监测系统研究

通过研究人体指端光电容积脉搏波(PPG)的物理特性,以朗伯比尔定律为基本原理,通过设计硬件电路,实现对人体PPG的无创采集。对采集到的PPG信号进行滤波和放大处理,通过特征选择和提取等方式识别出比较完整的脉搏波信号;将得到的脉搏波信号进行经验模态分解,选择具有适当频率的本征模函数重构出待测的呼吸波信号,并在显示屏上显示出来。在采集脉搏波的同时利用迈瑞公司的PM-9000 Express病人监护仪对人体的呼吸信号进行采集。本系统采集了10例志愿者数据。将本系统得到的呼吸波信号与病人监护仪测得呼吸波进行频谱分析,并对相关参数进行比较,发现两种呼吸波具有较好的相关性。本文最终结果表明利用经验模态分解方法提取人体PPG中包含的呼吸信号具有较好的准确性和可行性。实验结果表明这种方法可以从PPG中提取呼吸信号。     

JD-3同步呼吸机故障一例的检修

故障现象:呼吸方式置“控制”档时,机器不工作,而其它方式工作正常。该机在“控制方式”的工作原理:当病人呼吸能力衰竭,吸气负压不够-8mm水柱时,信号盒不动作,无同步信号产生。转换电路中振荡方波经比较电路和控制呼吸信号一同使与门开启,经功放电路起动电磁阀,完成由同步呼吸自动转换到控制呼吸的自动转换作用,其原理框图如下:     

小波变换结合快速傅里叶变换从PPG中提取呼吸率

从光电容积脉搏波描记法(PPG)信号中提取呼吸率是一种简便、高效、成本低的呼吸检测方法。本文用多道生理记录仪同时采集由温度传感器和透射式光电脉搏传感器获得的人体呼吸波和PPG信号,应用小波变换对PPG信号进行9层分解,将第9层细节信号和第8层细节信号分解得到的近似信号重建后相加得到呼吸波,然后用改进的快速傅里叶变换频率估计方法从该呼吸波信号中提取呼吸率。用该法从30个PPG样本中提取呼吸率,并将所提取的呼吸率与温度传感器获得的呼吸率用Bland-Altman法进行对比,得到了两者具有良好一致性的结论。     

一种同时消除脉搏波信号中呼吸基线漂移和高频噪声的方法

目的：基于光电容积脉搏波可以实现血氧饱和度等人体生理参数的无创检测。基于光电容积脉搏波测量时,由于信号采集过程中存在人体呼吸和仪器本身热噪声等干扰,脉搏波信号中存在着呼吸基线漂移和高频噪声,影响最终的人体生理参数测量精度。方法：因此提出一种在经验模式分解的过程中结合小波变换的方法,来同时消除呼吸基线漂移和高频噪声的影响。首先通过经验模态分解将脉搏波信号分解为若干内在模式分量,并分别判断出含有呼吸基线漂移和代表高频噪声的分量,对于代表高频噪声的分量采用类似小波变换的方法进行滤波,利用小波变换将含有呼吸基线漂移的分量分解,将代表呼吸基线漂移的小波细节置零,信号重构后就达到了同时消除呼吸基线和高频噪声的目的。利用自行研制的测量装置采集的脉搏波信号进行实验验证,并采用信号交直流比R和信号的频谱进行效果评价。结果：有效地同时消除了呼吸基线漂移和高频噪声。结论：该方法将有利于血氧饱和度等人体生理参数无创检测精度的提高。     

基于容积血流脉搏波的心血管血流参数监护模块的研制

为解决临床血流参数的实时、连续监护的难题,研制了一种基于容积血流脉搏波的心血管血流参数监护模块.该模块利用容积血流脉搏波可以无创、连续、实时地获得心排出量、心脏指数、外周阻力等重要的心血管血流参数.模块由光电容积脉搏波传感器获得容积血流脉搏波,经信号调理电路放大滤波后,通过A/D转换进入单片机进行实时处理,得到相应的参数.本模块的检测方法简便、无创,除可用于临床监护外,还可以用于社区或家庭检测心血管血流参数;如结合网络技术,还可实现远程医疗,为心血管血流参数的监测提供了简便易行的方法.     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Recovery of responsiveness of cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

1. Recovery of responsiveness of single cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat has been determined in both P and I cells. There are three types of recovery curve among P cells; (a) early recovery, (b) early partial recovery followed by depression and then complete recovery, (c) prolonged depression followed by cyclic recovery. Type (c) is by far the commonest recovery curve. In contrast to the spike in a P cell, the synaptic potential recovers to its full amplitude in about 20 msec. All I cells exhibit similar rapid recovery curves after a prolonged depression.2. Conditioning stimuli applied to visual cortex also produce a prolonged depression in most P cells but I cells can be re-excited at short intervals from cortex. Decortication does not prevent the prolonged depression of the multineuronal response produced by optic nerve stimulation.3. A neuronal model is proposed to explain these observations. It is supposed that I cells (interneurones) are innervated by axon collaterals of the P cells (principal cells, projecting to visual cortex) and that the I cells exert an inhibitory influence on the P cells.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Analysis of two types of dopaminergic responses of neurons of the spinal ganglia of rats

It was established, in experiments on isolated spinal ganglia of adult rats in concluons of intracellular recording, that dopamine (1 M/liter) elicits depolarized responses in 61% of neurons, hyperpolarized in 20% of neurons, and depolarized-hyperpolarized in 19% of neurons. The depolarized responses are associated with the activation of D₁ dopamine receptors, and are governed by the shift of cAMP-dependent cation (sodium) channels to the conducting state. The hyperpolarized responses are triggered by the activation of D₂ dopamine receptors, which by means of HTP-binding protein convert the potassium channels to the conducting state. The change in the polarization of neurons with the action of dopamine influences their electrical excitability variously.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 739–745, June, 1990.