Th17/Treg在中性粒细胞哮喘发病中的作用及临床意义

目的:分析Th17/Treg在中性粒细胞哮喘发病中的作用及临床意义.方法:选择2021年3月至2022年3月于医院治疗的支气管中性粒细胞哮喘患者50例,记为观察组.另选择同期于本院进行体检的健康志愿者50例,记为对照组.检测支气管哮喘患者缓解期、急性期及对照组Th17细胞、Treg细胞及其相关细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-22、IL-21、IL-17、IL-10、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平,并计算Th17/Treg.比较两组患者Treg细胞、Th17细胞、Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子水平.比较支气管哮喘患者缓解期、急性期Treg细胞、Th17细胞、Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子水平.评估观察组哮喘控制情况(ACQ),分析中性粒细胞哮喘患者ACQ评分与Treg细胞、Th17细胞、Th17/Treg的相关性.结果:观察组Th17细胞、Th17/Treg、IL-22、IL-21、IL-17水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组Treg细胞、IL-10、TGF-β1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05).支气管哮喘患者急性期Th17细胞、Th17/Treg、IL-22、IL-21、IL-17水平显著高于缓解期(P<0.05),支气管哮喘患者急性期Treg细胞、IL-10、TGF-β1水平显著低于缓解期(P<0.05).支气管哮喘患者ACQ评分与Th17细胞、Th17/Treg呈正相关(P<0.05),与Treg细胞呈负相关(P<0.05).结论:在健康人群、中性粒细胞哮喘急性期及缓解期中Treg细胞、Th17细胞、Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子存在差异,可作为中性粒细胞哮喘诊断、病情判断指标,为临床诊疗提供参考.     

Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子在结肠癌中的表达并与肿瘤分期的相关性

研究结肠癌患者肿瘤组织中Th17细胞、Treg细胞及患者外周血中相关细胞因子的表达水平,探讨其表达与肿瘤分期的相关性及可能机制。运用流式细胞分析(FACS)技术检测30例结肠癌肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织中Th17细胞及Treg细胞的比例;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术(RT-PCR)检测20例结肠癌患者外周血中Th17、Treg相关细胞因子IL-23和IL-10的表达水平。结果显示结肠癌肿瘤组织中Th17细胞和Treg细胞的比例明显高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),进展期肿瘤组织中Treg细胞的比例高于早期(P<0.05),而Th17细胞的比例较早期无明显差异(P>0.05),进展期肿瘤组织中Th17/Treg细胞的比例比早期偏低(P<0.05)。结肠癌患者外周血中IL-23、IL-10的mRNA水平升高,与健康对照组差异明显(P<0.05),且进展期与早期结肠癌IL-10mRNA的表达水平差异显著(P<0.05),而IL-23mRNA在两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。随着结肠癌病程的进展,肿瘤组织内Th17细胞及Treg细胞的比例逐渐升高,且Treg细胞比Th17细胞升高更加明显。相关细胞因子IL-23和IL-10在患者外周血中的变化趋势和Th17、Treg细胞在肿瘤组织中的变化趋势相一致,提示Th17、Treg细胞在结肠癌的表达可能与肿瘤免疫微环境中相关的细胞因子调节有关。     

Th17/Treg失衡在重症肺炎中的作用及其意义

目的：探讨Th17/Treg在评估重症肺炎病情和预后中作用。方法收集2011年6月至2013年6月我院确诊并住院治疗的重症肺炎患者400例,正常对照者200例。流式细胞术分析重症肺炎组和对照组外周血Th17细胞和Treg细胞的百分率,酶联免疫吸附实验( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测各组外周血细胞因子IL-17和IL-10的表达水平。结果重症肺炎患者外周血Th17和Treg的百分率及细胞因子IL-17较对照组均明显升高,而IL-10表达水平明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义( P<0．05)。进一步分析显示重症肺炎中继发多器官功能衰竭综合症( multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS)组患者Th17和Treg的百分率,外周血IL-17表达水平均明显高于非MODS组,外周血IL-10表达水平明显低于非MODS组,差异均具有统计学意义( P<0．05)。死亡患者Th17和Treg的百分率,外周血IL-17表达水平均明显高于存活组,外周血IL-10表达水平明显低于存活组,差异均具有统计学意义( P<0．05)。结论 Th17/Treg失衡参与了重症肺炎的发生发展,检测外周血Th17和Treg的百分率及其相应细胞因子水平对评估重症肺炎的病情和预后有重要的临床意义。     

肺结核患者外周血Th17/Treg的表达及其病理意义

为探讨肺结核患者外周血Th17与Treg的表达及其病理意义,收集2017年1月至2018年6月青海省第四人民医院收治的80例肺结核患者作为结核组,同期收集80例健康成人作为对照组。观察两组外周血Th17与Treg及其细胞因子的表达情况,同时分析Th17与Treg及其细胞因子与肺结核患者病情严重程度的相关性。结果显示,与对照组比较,结核组Th17降低[(2.69±0.93)%vs(1.94±0.91)%,P=0.000],Treg升高[(7.88±2.65)%vs(9.60±2.59)%,P=0.000],IL-17降低[(32.89±8.92) pg/mL vs(25.72±9.62) pg/mL,P=0.000],IL-10升高[(22.80±6.81) pg/mL vs(26.61±7.62) pg/mL,P=0.001]。肺结核患者病灶数目、直径总和与Th17、IL-17呈显著负相关(P0.05),与Treg、IL-10呈显著正相关(P0.05)。与无空洞形成的患者比较,空洞形成的患者Th17降低[(2.06±0.62)%vs(1.76±0.68)%,P=0.045],Treg升高[(8.79±2.12)%vs(10.81±2.41)%,P=0.000],IL-17和IL-10差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。提示外周血中Th17与Treg在肺结核患者中表达异常,与结核病情严重度相关。     

Th17/Treg失衡在包虫所致过敏反应中作用的研究进展

包虫病是一种由T细胞亚群参与,以Treg介导的免疫抑制作用为主的慢性寄生虫感染性疾病。Treg和Th17被定义为2个不同的亚群,在自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的发病过程中发挥相反作用。Th17/Treg平衡对控制炎症以及介导免疫逃逸起重要作用。研究指出,囊性包虫病患者外周血Treg数量、相关细胞因子(IL-10和TGF-β)及转录因子(Foxp3)水平均显著升高,而Th17数量、相关细胞因子(IL-17和IL-23)及转录因子(RORγt)水平则显著降低,提示棘球蚴寄生过程中Th17/Treg相关细胞因子失衡可能也参与肝包虫所致免疫逃逸。免疫逃逸与过敏反应息息相关,文章结合目前情况就Th17/Treg失衡在包虫所致过敏反应中的作用展开综述。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者血清IL-37水平与免疫失衡的相关性

目的 观察血清白细胞介素-37(IL-37)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者中表达情况,分析IL-37与患者免疫失衡的关系.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年12月本院收治的67例AECOPD患者,设为AECOPD组;另选取同期医院接收的67例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者,设为COPD稳定期组;调查员询问并记录患者基线资料,于患者入院时检测血清IL-37水平及免疫失衡评估相关指标[辅助性T细胞17(Th17)、调节性T细胞(Treg)、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞水平等],分析AECOPD患者血清IL-37水平与免疫失衡的关系.结果 AECOPD组患者血清IL-37水平高于COPD稳定期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AECOPD组患者外周血CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞水平、Treg水平低于COPD稳定期组,CD8+T淋巴细胞水平、Th17、Th17/Treg高于COPD稳定期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相关性检验发现,AECOPD患者血清IL-37水平与CD3+、CD4+、Treg水平呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),与CD8+、Th17、Th17/Treg水平呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05).结论 血清IL-37在AECOPD患者中过表达,IL-37过表达与患者免疫失衡存在一定联系.     

重症机械通气患者Th17/Treg细胞平衡与困难撤机结局的相关性

目的 观察重症机械通气(MV)患者辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)因子失衡与困难撤机结局的关系,以指导未来重症机械通气患者困难撤机结局的评估与干预.方法 选择我院2018年1月至2020年1月收治的214例重症患者作为研究对象,患者有不同程度的自主呼吸困难,均接受MV治疗,对达到撤机标准的患者进行自主呼吸试验(SBT),通过试验者行拔管,观察48h,记录撤机结局.比较不同撤机结局患者的炎症因子[降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)]水平,Th17细胞因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)及γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)]水平及Treg细胞因子[转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)]水平,并探讨Th17/Treg细胞平衡状况,分析Th17/Treg细胞失衡对撤机结局的预测价值.结果 214例重症MV患者,有89例发生困难撤机结局,发生率为41.59％;困难撤机组IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ水平均高于撤机成功组,TGF-β、IL-4及IL-10水平均低于撤机成功组(P<0.05);撤机困难组Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg高于撤机成功组,Treg细胞比例低于撤机成功组(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析结果 显示,IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ高水平,TGF-β、IL-4及IL-10低水平,Th17细胞高比例,Treg细胞低比例及Th17/Treg高比值是重症MV患者困难撤机结局发生的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线发现,Th17细胞比例、Treg细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值用于重症MV患者困难撤机结局风险预测的AUC均>0.80,有一定预测价值,且以Th17/Treg比值的预测价值高;当各细胞cut-off值取分别取4.180％、4.860％、0.779％时,可得到最佳预测价值.结论 重症MV患者Th17/Treg细胞平衡与困难撤机结局密切相关,Th17/Treg细胞高比例可导致困难撤机发生,可将Th17/Treg细胞作为困难撤机结局的有效预测因子.     

新风胶囊通过调节SOCS1/STAT3/miR326改善类风湿关节炎患者Th17/Treg失衡状态

目的观察治疗前后RA患者Th17/Treg相关血清细胞因子、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子(SOCS1)、信号传导转录激活因子3(STAT3)、微小非编码RNA326的表达以及中医症候积分等的变化及相关性分析,探讨新风胶囊调节RA患者Th17/Treg的机制。方法将40例RA患者随机分为治疗组(新风胶囊)和对照组(来氟米特),每组各20例,采用问卷调查的方式观察RA患者关节症状、中医症状、生活质量、HAQ等积分;采用SPSS17.0统计软件分析2组RA患者治疗前后免疫炎症指标(ESR、hs-CRP、RF、CCP-AB、a1-AGP、Ig G、Ig A)、血清细胞因子(IL-10、IL-2、IL-17、TGF-β)、转录因子(Ets1、SOCS1、Ro Rγt、STAT3)、叉头型转录蛋白(Foxp3)、Treg细胞表面分子(CD4、CD25、Foxp3)、Th17细胞表面分子(CD3、CD8、IL-17)、Foxp3 m RNA、IL-17 m RNA、mi R326的变化,并进行相关性分析。结果与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后ESR、hs-CRP、a1-AGP明显降低,Th17/Treg降低明显,Foxp3升高明显;治疗组在调控Treg细胞表面分子CD4、CD25、Foxp3的表达方面优于对照组;治疗组治疗后SOCS1升高明显,在调控转录因子SOCS1方面优于对照组;治疗组治疗后Foxp3 m RNA明显升高,IL-17 m RNA、mi R326明显降低(P0.05)。结论新风胶囊能降低Th17/Treg的比值。其可能是通过下调Th17细胞相关因子IL-17的表达水平,升高Treg细胞表面分子Foxp3的表达来调控Th17/Treg失衡,同时也可能是通过调节转录因子SOCS1、STAT3、mi R326,进而调节Th17/Treg,改善RA炎症状态。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血Th17细胞/调节性T细胞比值变化的意义

目的测定慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)和CD4+IL-17+T细胞(Th17细胞)频率及其相关细胞因子的变化,并探讨Th17/Treg平衡在CHB发病过程中的作用。方法选取CHB住院患者(CHB组)60例,其中35例轻中度CHB患者(CHB-LM),25例慢性重型肝炎患者(CSHB),同时选取21位健康体检者作为正常对照组(HC)。流式细胞术检测外周血中Th17和Treg的细胞频数,双抗体夹心ELISA检测血清中IL-17、IL-23、IL-10及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的表达水平。结果与HC组相比,CHB患者外周血Th17细胞频率及其相关细胞因子IL-17、IL-23浓度明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Treg频率及其相关细胞因子IL-10及TGF-β1浓度明显增高。Th17/Treg比值变化显示,与HC组相比,在CHB组中该比例明显升高,具有显著性差异,且与CHSB组相比,在CHB-LM组中该比值明显降低。结论 Th17细胞/Treg的失衡是造成慢性乙型肝炎病程演变的重要因素,检测Th17细胞/Treg比值变化对疾病发展的早期预测有一定价值。     

ITP患者血清中可溶性Tim3/Galectin9水平及其临床意义

目的探讨原发免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)患者血清中可溶性Tim3(sTim3)、Galectin9及Th1(IFN-γ)、Th2(IL-4)、Th17(IL-17)、Treg(TGF-β)细胞因子表达水平变化在ITP患者发病中的作用及意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测35例ITP初诊患者和20例正常对照血清中sTim3、Galectin9及IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17、TGF-β的表达水平。结果与正常对照组比较,35例ITP患者血清中sTim3、Galectin9的表达水平升高(P0.001);血小板数量降低(P0.001);Th1和Th17相关细胞因子表达水平升高(均P0.05),Th2和Treg相关细胞因子表达水平降低(均P0.05);sTim3与IFN-γ、PLT呈相关性,sTim3与IL-4、IL-17、TGF-β无相关性;Galectin9与sTim3、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17、TGF-β、PLT无相关性。结论在ITP患者血清中sTim3和Galectin9表达水平升高,可能在ITP免疫失衡中发挥了一定作用。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.