下调宫颈癌细胞FAM111B表达对增殖、周期和凋亡的影响

目的观察下调FAM111B对宫颈癌细胞系C-33A和HeLa增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响及其可能机制。方法应用慢病毒载体siRNA-FAM111B及Null,分别感染C-33A和HeLa细胞。实时定量PCR方法(qRTPCR)和Western blot方法分别检查各组细胞FAM111B基因与蛋白的表达。应用CCK-8方法检测FAM111B对细胞增殖能力的影响。流式细胞术PI染色细胞周期检测各组细胞周期变化。流式细胞术Annexin V/PI双染方法检测各组细胞的凋亡情况。Western blot法检测p53及下游Bax和Bcl-2的表达。结果成功转染C-33A和HeLa细胞,FAM111B基因与蛋白表达水平均下调。转染siR-FAM111B能抑制宫颈癌细胞的增殖,C-33A和HeLa细胞发生G1期阻滞。下调FAM111B诱导宫颈癌细胞凋亡,促进p53蛋白表达,进而上调Bax蛋白和下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结论下调FAM111B抑制宫颈癌细胞的增殖,促使细胞周期G1期阻滞,诱导细胞凋亡,与调节p53蛋白进而激活下游相关信号通路相关。     

HPV与宫颈癌关系及疫苗研究进展

流行病学和病原学研究表明,人乳头瘤病毒(HV)感染是妇女发生宫颈癌重要的原因之一.HPV是无包膜的小型双链环状DNA病毒,不同基因型病毒对细胞的转化能力不同,其中HPV-16、18与子宫颈癌关系最密切.HPV诱发官颈癌的主要机制,是其E6和E7蛋白基因在宫颈细胞中的表达增加,产生的E6和E7蛋白两个癌蛋白分别与抑癌蛋白p53和pRb结合而诱导后两者降解.HPV疫苗包括预防性疫苗和治疗性疫苗两大类.本文对HPV感染与宫颈癌发生的关系、疫苗研究进展进行了系统的阐述.     

HPV与宫颈癌关系及疫苗研究进展

流行病学和病原学研究表明,人乳头瘤病毒（HV）感染是妇女发生宫颈癌重要的原因之一.HPV是无包膜的小型双链环状DNA病毒,不同基因型病毒对细胞的转化能力不同,其中HPV-16、18与子宫颈癌关系最密切.HPV诱发官颈癌的主要机制,是其E6和E7蛋白基因在宫颈细胞中的表达增加,产生的E6和E7蛋白两个癌蛋白分别与抑癌蛋白p53和pRb结合而诱导后两者降解.HPV疫苗包括预防性疫苗和治疗性疫苗两大类.本文对HPV感染与宫颈癌发生的关系、疫苗研究进展进行了系统的阐述.     

特异siRNA抑制宫颈癌细胞中人乳头状瘤病毒16型E6表达的研究

目的 优化HPV-16 E6癌基因特异的U6质粒表达的siRNA，抑制HPV癌基因表达及其对子宫颈癌细胞生长繁殖的影响。方法 选择4个分别针对HPV-16 E6 mRNA外显子和内含子序列为靶序列，合成DNA链，构建表达HPV-16 E6短发卡样dsRNA的重组pSilencer1．0-U6载体，导入HPV-16DNA阳性的宫颈癌细胞株CaSki中，观察该细胞中HPV-16 E6、E7基因表达水平及其蛋白含量的变化，并观察细胞生长被抑制的情况。结果 4种HPV-16 E6 siRNA均能降低宫颈癌细胞CaSki的生长速率。通过细胞生长曲线观察到HPV-16 E6 shRNA表达质粒导入细胞0-96h内，可降低细胞生长速度。荧光定量RT-PCR检测HPV-16 E6 siRNA可使宫颈癌细胞株CaSki中HPV-16 E6、E7基因转录的mRNA水平降低，其中针对E6 mRNA内含子的重组shRNA只抑制E6基因的表达水平。Western blot分析表明，4个HPV-16 E6 siRNA作用72h后，未能检测到宫颈癌细胞中HPV-16 E6蛋白。结论 HPV-16 E6 siRNA能使宫颈癌细胞CaSki生长缓慢；选择针对E6内含子的siRNA作用位点，特异性抑制E6表达；而针对E6外显子的siRNA作用位点，可抑制E6和E7基因的表达，是用于治疗HPV阳性宫颈癌细胞的理想靶位。     

E6-p53和E7-pRb模式在人乳头瘤病毒致癌过程中的作用

在全球范围特别是发展中国家，宫颈癌的发病率居女性恶性肿瘤的第二位。目前认为人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是宫颈癌的主要致病因子，而早期基因E6、E7是HPV致癌机制研究中的重点。体内体外实验均表明E6、E7是细胞转化所必需的，尤其是在高危型HPV感染机体时，E6结合并灭活肿瘤抑制因子p53、E7结合并降解抑制蛋白pRb，最终导致细胞无限分裂而不发生凋亡。E6、E7分别与抑癌蛋白p53、pRb相互作用的模式为人乳头瘤病毒致癌机制的进一步研究提供了基本的理论基础。     

HPV16E7在宫颈癌组织中表达升高并促进宫颈癌细胞系HeLa和C33A的增殖

目的研究乳头瘤病毒HPV16E7在宫颈癌中表达水平及其在宫颈癌细胞系He La和C33A中的作用机制。方法 RT-qPCR和免疫组织化学染色检测宫颈癌患者组织及其对照组中HPV16E7、CEA和CA125 mRNA和蛋白水平,并分析3者之间的关系。RT-qPCR和ELISA检测宫颈癌患者及其对照组血清中HPV16E7、CEA和CA125水平变化。Western blot、MTT法、集落形成实验、流式细胞计量术探究HPV16E7在HPV阴性细胞系C33A及HPV阳性细胞系He La中发挥的作用。结果 HPV16E7、CEA和CA125 mRNA及蛋白水平在宫颈癌患者组织和血清中是高表达的(P0. 05)。HPV16E7与CEA和CA125具有正相关的关系(P0. 05)。HPV16E7在C33A细胞中不表达,在He La细胞中高表达。HPV16E7能够促进宫颈癌细胞系C33A和He La的增殖能力,促进细胞周期进程,并能够抑制细胞凋亡。结论 HPV16E7能够促进宫颈癌细胞的恶性行为,其表达水平在宫颈癌患者血清和组织中显著升高,并与CEA和CA125呈正相关的关系。     

宫颈癌组织APOBEC3A蛋白的表达与高危型HPV感染的相关性研究

 目的： 探讨宫颈癌组织中载脂蛋白 B mRNA 编辑酶催化多肽样蛋白3A（APOBEC3A）表达与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的关系。方法： 采用免疫组化法检测26例宫颈癌、27例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）I～III和22例正常宫颈组织APOBEC3A蛋白的表达,同时使用凯普分型检测试剂盒对3组样品分别进行高危HPV16/HPV18分型检测。以脂质体法转染APOBEC3A质粒进入HeLa细胞,RT-qPCR与Western blotting验证APOBEC3A对高危型HPV18 E6 mRNA以及蛋白表达的影响。结果：宫颈癌组织、CIN组织以及正常宫颈组织中APOBEC3A蛋白表达的阳性率分别为46.2%、92.6%和86.4%,宫颈癌组织中APOBEC3A蛋白表达较正常宫颈组织明显下降（P<0.01）。宫颈癌组织、CIN及正常宫颈组织中HPV16感染阳性率分别为92.3%、77.8%和54.5%; HPV18感染阳性率分别为80.8%、51.8%和68.2%;APOBEC3A蛋白表达与HPV18感染阳性率呈负相关(P<0.05)。增加HeLa细胞中APOBEC3A的表达明显降低了HPV18 E6 mRNA以及蛋白的表达。结论：在宫颈癌组织中APOBEC3A高表达可以对抗HPV18感染,并抑制HPV18 E6的转录和表达。     

miR-199a-5p下调NF-κB信号通路激活水平抑制宫颈癌细胞恶性生物学行为

目的探讨miR-199a-5p对宫颈癌细胞生长、侵袭和迁移的影响和机制。方法 Real-time PCR测定miR-199a-5p在宫颈癌HeLa、HCC94、Ca Ski细胞和正常宫颈Ect1/E6E7细胞中的表达差异。在宫颈癌细胞中转染miR-199a-5p mimics,real-time PCR检测过表达效果,MTT检测增殖,克隆形成实验测定克隆形成能力,Transwell小室测定侵袭和迁移能力,Westernblot检测细胞中p-p65、p-IκB蛋白表达变化。使用核因子-κB(NF-κB)激活剂PMA处理转染miR-199a-5p mimics后的宫颈癌细胞,同样使用上述方法测定细胞生长、克隆、侵袭和迁移能力变化。结果 miR-199a-5p在宫颈癌HeLa、HCC94、CaSki细胞中的表达水平低于正常宫颈Ect1/E6E7细胞。miR-199a-5p mimics提高宫颈癌细胞中miR-199a-5p表达水平,降低细胞增殖、克隆、侵袭和迁移能力,减少细胞中p-p65、p-IκB蛋白表达。NF-κB激活剂PMA可以逆转miR-199a-5p对宫颈癌细胞增殖、克隆、侵袭和迁移能力的抑制作用。结论 miR-199a-5p通过下调NF-κB信号通路激活水平抑制宫颈癌细胞生长、侵袭和迁移。     

cyclin E、pl6ink4、ki67在宫颈脱落细胞中的表达及其与HPV16／18感染的相关性

目的研究cyclin E、p16ink4、ki67在宫颈脱落细胞中的表达水平及其与HPV16/18感染的相关性,探讨其对宫颈癌高危人群筛查的意义.方法采用免疫组织化学方法对78例官颈脱落细胞标本进行cyclin E、p16ink4、ki67检测,同时应用多重引物PCR技术检测HPV16/18.结果cyclin E、p16ink4、ki67在宫颈癌细胞中的表达水平均较鳞状上皮非典型增生(ASCUS)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005);各级宫颈癌细胞中HPV16的阳性率均较ASCUS差异有统计学意义(x2=25.27,P＜0.005),且随着宫颈上皮细胞损伤程度加重阳性率升高,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01).p16ink4和ki67在宫颈癌细胞中的表达水平与HPV16高度相关(rs=1.0,P＜0.05);而cyclin E的表达与HPV16相关性较小(rs=0.4,P＜0.05).HPV18阳性例数较少,在各项分析中差异均无统计学意义(x2=3.68,P＞0.05).结论官颈癌细胞中cyclin E、p16ink4及ki67的高度表达与HPV16感染有关;它们均可能作为有价值的诊断指标应用于宫颈癌高危人群筛查,且cyclin E对宫颈癌的早期诊断意义更大.     

TGF-β1通过激活NOX4/ROS通路促进宫颈癌细胞的侵袭和迁移

目的探讨转化生长因子β1/尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶/活性氧(TGF-β1/NOX4/ROS)信号通路在宫颈癌细胞侵袭和迁移中的作用。方法采用5 ng/mL TGF-β1处理培养的SiHa、 CaSki、 HeLa、 C4-I和C33A宫颈癌细胞4 h或8 h, 2′, 7′-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)染色结合流式细胞术检测处理前后SiHa、 CaSki、 HeLa、 C4-I和C33A宫颈癌细胞ROS水平;转染NOX4小干扰RNA(NOX4-siRNA)或加入NOX4信号通路抑制剂二亚苯基碘氯化物(DPI), Western blot法检测宫颈癌HeLa细胞NOX4蛋白水平, Transwell~(TM)侵袭和迁移实验检测TGF-β1对宫颈癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响。结果 TGF-β1显著上调HPV阳性SiHa、 CaSki、 HeLa和C4-I宫颈癌细胞NOX4蛋白表达,促进ROS产生,并增强宫颈癌细胞的侵袭和迁移性;敲低NOX4基因或使用NOX4通路抑制剂DPI可逆转这种作用。结论 TGF-β1激活NOX4/ROS信号通路增强宫颈癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。     

宫颈癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒16型E7蛋白致癌机理初探

目的 研究宫颈癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）１６－Ｅ７蛋白对视网膜母细胞瘤基因（Ｒｅｔｉｎｏｂｌａｓｔｏｍａ）Ｒｂ蛋白及Ｅ２Ｆ－１的作用的机制,探讨ＨＰＶ１６－Ｅ７蛋白与宫颈癌发生的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应检测宫颈癌及正常宫颈组织中ＨＰＶ１６感染等,用蛋白印迹技术对ＨＰＶ１６ ＤＮＡ阳性的宫颈癌组织中是否存在ＨＰＶ１６－Ｅ７蛋白和Ｒ６蛋白－Ｅ２Ｆ－１形成的复合物进行检测。正常宫颈组织作为对照,     

PreTect HPV-Proofer: real-time detection and typing of E6/E7 mRNA from carcinogenic human papillomaviruses

Monitoring human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA expression may provide an accurate and informative diagnostic approach for detection of oncogene activity related to the development of severe dysplasia or cervical carcinoma. A multiplex nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) assay, utilizing molecular beacon probes for real-time detection was developed for the identification of E6/E7 mRNA from HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45. The assay is called PreTect HPV-Proofer and this report describes the development and the analytical performance of the assay. The reproducibility of PreTect HPV-Proofer with regard to a positive result was found to be between 96 and 100%, depending on HPV type. The melting temperature for the different molecular beacons was in the range of 48-55 degrees C, indicating conformational stability, i.e. the molecular beacons will not get activated by the 41 degrees C annealing temperature, but will be activated by the annealing to the target itself. The limit of detection for HPV 16 was ten SiHa or CaSki cells and for HPV 18 one HeLa cell. No cross reactivity was observed with E6/E7 mRNA from the other tested HPV types. mRNA from cervical cells was also successfully amplified after more than one year of storage. In conclusion, the PreTect HPV-Proofer assay, individually identifying E6/E7 mRNA expression from five carcinogenic HPV types, is a reproducible assay that may serve as a valuable tool in monitoring HPV infections producing proteins with a transforming potential.     

Use of multiple displacement amplification in the investigation of human papillomavirus physical status

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The investigation of human papillomavirus (HPV) physical status in pre-invasive cervical lesions has been restricted by the small amounts of tissue available for study. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA), a phi29 DNA polymerase based whole genome amplification technique, has the potential to help resolve this problem by yielding large amounts of high molecular weight DNA from tiny starting quantities. METHODS: Firstly, a comparison was made of restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of DNA from seven different HPV types and corresponding MDA products. Secondly, E6/E7 and LCR sequencing data from HPV16 recombinant plasmid and MDA copy DNA were correlated. Thirdly, DNA and MDA products from cervical cell lines (CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa that contain integrated HPV) and an invasive cervical carcinoma were analysed by Southern blot hybridisation. Fourthly, MDA product from CaSki cell DNA mixed with HPV18-plasmid DNA was tested for the demonstration of both episomal and integrated HPV. Finally, MDA products from HPV16 positive abnormal cervical cytological samples were assayed for integration by Southern blot hybridisation. RESULTS: DNA templates and MDA products yielded analogous data. Episomal and integrated HPV DNA were successfully detected by Southern blot assay of the cell line/HPV-plasmid model, and in MDA products of clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that MDA has considerable potential to assist in the investigation of HPV physical status; abundant (>40 microg) DNA can be generated with high fidelity from minuscule (50 ng) starting quantities, and both episomal and integrated HPV DNA are distinguishable in MDA products from solid tumours and cytological materials.     

乳头瘤病毒16型E6,P53,RB,PCNA在宫颈癌中的表达…

应用核酸原位杂交和免疫组织化学技术，检测人子宫颈癌中人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）１６型Ｅ６ＲＦ与抑癌基因产物Ｐ５３，ＲＢ和增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）。在４４例宫颈癌石蜡切片中，原位杂交检测出ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ６ＯＲＦ阳性２７例（６１．３６％），其中免疫组化检测出Ｐ５３、ＲＢ、ＰＣＮＡ一分别为８例（２９．６３＃），１４例（５２．８５％）、２０例（７４．０７％），而在１７例ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ６阴性 本中Ｐ５３、ＲＢ、Ｐ     

Overexpression of p16 and p14ARF is associated with human papillomavirus infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia

The CDKN2 gene encodes two structurally different proteins: a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p16, which regulates retinoblastoma protein (pRb)-dependent G1 arrest, and a cell cycle inhibitor, p14ARF, which blocks MDM2-induced p53 degradation resulting in an increase in p53 levels that leads to cell cycle arrest. Recent studies have revealed that expression of p16 and p14ARF is influenced markedly by the status of pRb and p53, and p16 overexpression has been demonstrated in cervical neoplasia because of functional inactivation of pRb by the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein. To clarify the p14ARF status and the relationship between p16/p14ARF and other cell cycle molecules in cervical carcinogenesis, immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p14ARF, p53 and MDM2 was performed on 65 samples of cervical and genital condylomatous and neoplastic lesions, including nine HPV-negative tumors. In most cervical cancers and preneoplastic lesions with HPV infection of high and intermediate risk, a marked overexpression of p14ARF as well as the p16 protein (i.e. dotted nuclear immunostaining) was observed. All condyloma acuminata except one and low-grade dysplasia with HPV infection of low risk, such as HPV 6, immunohistochemically showed completely negative staining for p14ARF, also seen in non-neoplastic and mesenchymal cells. Our results clearly show that the mode of p14ARF overexpression in cervical neoplastic cells with HPV association differs from that in cancers of other organs without HPV association, and the p14ARF overexpression may be attributable to a negative feedback result in the functional inactivation of the pRb and p53 proteins by HPV oncoproteins.     

Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in lung carcinomas: a study of 218 cases.

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are largely implicated in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinomas. Their role in bronchopulmonary carcinomas is still unclear. In the present study, we have explored 218 fresh frozen lung tumours for the presence of HPV with the Roche line blot assay and for the expression of mRNAs encoding E6 oncoprotein in HPV positive tumours. Only four samples were positive for HPV detection, one poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and three large cell carcinomas. E6 mRNA was undetectable in these four samples. Our data confirm the low prevalence of HPV in lung carcinomas in Western European countries and do not plead in favour of a carcinogenic role for HPV in these carcinomas.