医学免疫学“OSBCM”与“TBL”相结合的教学模式在临床卓越医生班的探索

正本校为教育部、卫生部第一批卓越医生教育培养计划项目"五年制临床医学专业人才培养模式改革"试点高校,本院2013年正式招收临床专业"卓越医生班"。"医学免疫学"作为基础与临床相结合的一门桥梁学科,与各门基础医学课程密切相关,涉及器官组织、细胞、分子、基因等多个层面的内容,并     

云班课在局部解剖学导学式教学中的应用

正人体局部解剖学是一门连结基础医学和临床医学的桥梁课程,对于医学生进入临床学习乃至以后的工作至关重要。近年来,智能手机和平板电脑在学生中广泛普及,网络与课堂相融合的教学方法应运而生,本校在局部解剖学的教学中将蓝墨云班课与导学式教学方法相结合,在提高课堂效率、完善考核机制、培养学生自主学习习惯、鼓励学生自主思考问题和解决问题方面取得了较好的效果。1导学式教学方法     

基于成果导向教育理念的局部解剖学教学改革与实践*

局部解剖学是基础医学与临床医学的桥梁课程,是临床医学专业学生的基础必修课程之一.传统的局部解剖学多采用教师"讲授式"和学生"验证性学习"的教学模式,导致学生的主观能动性及其主体作用被忽略[1],在教育部关于建设一流本科课程的背景下,如何加强课程建设、提高课程质量,寻找局部解剖学教学的新理念迫在眉睫.成果导向教育(outcome based education,OBE)是20世纪80年代由美国著名学者斯派迪?怀特提出的一种教育模式,强调以学生为中心,关注学生能力和综合素质的提升[2].该教育模式应用于多个领域,并取得广泛认可.探讨基于OBE理念,以本校临床医学专业局部解剖学课程为载体,以提升岗位胜任力为导向,从教学内容、教学方法和课程考核评价体系等方面进行初步改革,构建以知识、能力和素质相融合的课程体系.     

八年制局部解剖学整合教学的改革与实践

<正>本校2004年开始招收八年制临床医学生,已探索且建立了适合国情、校情的八年制人体局部解剖学教学模式~([1])。自2011年起,本校在学习国内外先进经验的基础上,遵循高等医学教育和军事教育基本规律,结合国际临床医学专业认证标准、国家临床医学专业本科教学基本要求、国家执业医师和军事医学考试大纲,以强军目标为统领,以"器官一系统一疾病"为纽带进行教学改革,构建了八年制医学教育5个系列的新型基础医学整合     

局部解剖学实验操作教学初探

局部解剖学是介于基础医学与临床医学之间的一门桥梁课程,是医学中的重要基础科目,与医学其它各学科有着密切的联系,并具有很强的实际应用意义.由于局部解剖学的实践性很强,所以实验课在局部解剖学教学中占有举足轻重的地位,加强局部解剖学实验课的教学,对于培养学生的实践能力和创新精神具有特殊意义.为了提高临床医学专业学牛的教学质量,近几年来,我们通过不断探索,将传统的教师操作、学生观察的实验教学方法改为由教师指导,学生亲自动手进行操作的"局部解剖学实验模式".教学质量得到了明显提高.     

学生局解后数目完整残留骨制作骨架的方法

解剖学教学需要大量尸体,而尸体来源越来越困难,教学标本尸材的紧缺已成为解剖学教学值得关注的重大问题。为充分利用局部解剖教学后残余的骨骼标本资源,提高学生的实践能力,节省教学开支[1],本校2008级临床医学本科班（含麻醉方向）学生组成了大学生自主创新性实验项目小组,在老师的指导下,对局部解剖教学后尸体残余的骨骼进行处理,     

局部解剖学开课时间对教学质量的影响

局部解剖学是介于基础医学与临床医学之间的一门桥梁课程,是学习其他基础医学和临床医学课程的基础[1-2],是在系统解剖学的基础上,研究人体局部的层次结构、器官的位置、毗邻关系及其临床应用的一门学科.也是临床医学,特别是外科学等手术学科和影像医学与核医学的主要基础课,具有很强的临床实际应用意义[3].目前在国内的医学院校均对临床医学等专业开设了局部解剖学课程,部分院校将其放在第二学年的第一学期(即第3学期),还有部分学校将局部解剖学设置在第三学年的第一学期(即第5学期),或者将系统解剖学和局部解剖学合二为一展开[4].我们对此进行了调整,具体情况如下.     

器官系统教学模式下的解剖学课程教学模式的探索

正建立在生物医学模式下的以疾病为中心的课程体系,应用了100余年,已经不能适应今天的医学生培养的要求~([1])。教育部和国家卫计委联合实施的卓越医师培养计划,正积极推动着临床医学专业教学理念、教学模式、教学方法的全面改革。以学生为中心、以自主学习为引导、早临床、多临床、反复临床的教学理念已得到推广和普及~([2])。许多医学院校已开设教改班,试行多学科整合课程模式教学改革~([3-4])。在此背景下,本校于2013年首次在五年制本科开设卓越医生班,整合基础医学和生物学     

对临床医学五年制局部解剖学教材编写的几点建议

局部解剖学是按照人体的局部分区,研究各区域内器官和结构的形态、位置、层次和毗邻关系的学科.它要求学生在学习掌握系统解剖学知识的基础上,通过尸体解剖和观察,巩固系统解剖学知识,进一步掌握相关人体器官构造,为进一步学习临床课程和临床实践奠定良好基础.自2000年至今,全国已有200余种局部解剖学教材出版.各高校使用的教材不尽相同,中南大学湘雅医学院临床医学专业五年制使用的是曾志成主编的五年制《局部解剖学》,学生课后参阅人卫、高教出版的几本教材作为补充.作为五年制临床医学专业的学生,笔者总结并比较各本教材在思路阐述、侧重点以及具体表述内容等方面的异同,浅谈以下几点拙见.     

人体局部解剖学的信息化教学初探

<正>局部解剖学是联系基础医学和临床医学的重要桥梁学科,主要的学习任务是通过对模型和标本的观察与解剖,熟悉和掌握人体器官的位置和毗邻关系以及局部的层次结构,对于临床医学生来说是至关重要的学科。传统的局部解剖学的学习是学生在课堂外以教材和图谱为主,课上由少数学生解剖大体标本,其他学生进行观摩,部分缺乏理论功底的学生,在解剖时要么无     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Recovery of responsiveness of cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

1. Recovery of responsiveness of single cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat has been determined in both P and I cells. There are three types of recovery curve among P cells; (a) early recovery, (b) early partial recovery followed by depression and then complete recovery, (c) prolonged depression followed by cyclic recovery. Type (c) is by far the commonest recovery curve. In contrast to the spike in a P cell, the synaptic potential recovers to its full amplitude in about 20 msec. All I cells exhibit similar rapid recovery curves after a prolonged depression.2. Conditioning stimuli applied to visual cortex also produce a prolonged depression in most P cells but I cells can be re-excited at short intervals from cortex. Decortication does not prevent the prolonged depression of the multineuronal response produced by optic nerve stimulation.3. A neuronal model is proposed to explain these observations. It is supposed that I cells (interneurones) are innervated by axon collaterals of the P cells (principal cells, projecting to visual cortex) and that the I cells exert an inhibitory influence on the P cells.     

Analysis of two types of dopaminergic responses of neurons of the spinal ganglia of rats

It was established, in experiments on isolated spinal ganglia of adult rats in concluons of intracellular recording, that dopamine (1 M/liter) elicits depolarized responses in 61% of neurons, hyperpolarized in 20% of neurons, and depolarized-hyperpolarized in 19% of neurons. The depolarized responses are associated with the activation of D₁ dopamine receptors, and are governed by the shift of cAMP-dependent cation (sodium) channels to the conducting state. The hyperpolarized responses are triggered by the activation of D₂ dopamine receptors, which by means of HTP-binding protein convert the potassium channels to the conducting state. The change in the polarization of neurons with the action of dopamine influences their electrical excitability variously.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 739–745, June, 1990.