基于压力波的人体脉搏波传播速度无创检测研究

脉搏波传播速度的变化往往是血管弹性程度发生变化的最早体征,因此脉搏波速度的检测对动脉硬化等疾病的诊断有较高的参考价值,其检测精度主要取决于波速参考点的提取算法。在分析实际采集的脉搏压力波信号特征的基础上,对波峰、波足等特征点进行了识别,并提出了一种根据脉搏波前沿内斜率最大值点的个数和位置确定惟一波速参考点的新算法。临床实验证明,新方法能够有效地提取脉搏波速度,有助于动脉血管弹性程度的辅助诊断。     

一种基于几何特征的ECG波形识别算法

目的 ECG自动分析系统由两部分组成:波形识别和智能诊断。在实际应用中,心电波形识别是该系统的关键。波形识别的精确性和可靠性决定了心脏病诊断的可靠性。为提高波形识别的速率及准确度,本文提出一种基于几何特征的ECG波形识别算法。方法首先利用数字滤波算法对信号进行预处理,提高信号的信噪比,然后通过改进的二阶导数计算出数据的几何特征:点的斜率和运动趋势,并在此基础上,结合ECG波形的实际物理特征,利用算法实现T波、P波、QRS波群的起点、终点以及波峰波谷的自动识别。结果统计分析结果表明,本算法能够快速高效地识别ECG波形。同时将该算法与其他当前各种ECG波形识别算法进行对比,该识别算法在识别的精确性与阳性预测值方面具有更好的性能。结论本文提出的基于几何特征的ECG波形识别算法可以进一步提高当前ECG波形识别算法的性能。     

基于波形时域特征和动态差分阈值的脉搏波传导时间检测算法EI北大核心CSCD

针对传统脉搏波传导时间(PTT)检测方法对脉搏波(PPG)信号幅值变化敏感、计算量大等问题,提出了一种综合波形时域特征和动态差分阈值的PTT检测算法。采用动态差分阈值检测心电(ECG)信号R波,根据波形时域特征缩短脉搏波信号主波检测区间,利用R波检测脉搏波信号主波,从而计算PTT。利用美国麻省理工学院MIMIC数据库和实验室实测数据对上述算法进行验证。结果表明,该方法能够准确地提取特征点并检测出PTT,对实测和数据库样本的PTT检测准确率分别为99.1%和97.5%,效果优于传统检测方法。     

基于波形时域特征和动态差分阈值的脉搏波传导时间检测算法

针对传统脉搏波传导时间(PTT)检测方法对脉搏波(PPG)信号幅值变化敏感、计算量大等问题,提出了一种综合波形时域特征和动态差分阈值的PTT检测算法。采用动态差分阈值检测心电(ECG)信号R波,根据波形时域特征缩短脉搏波信号主波检测区间,利用R波检测脉搏波信号主波,从而计算PTT。利用美国麻省理工学院MIMIC数据库和实验室实测数据对上述算法进行验证。结果表明,该方法能够准确地提取特征点并检测出PTT,对实测和数据库样本的PTT检测准确率分别为99.1%和97.5%,效果优于传统检测方法。     

基于混合特征卷积神经网络的血压建模方法研究

传统使用脉搏波测量血压的方法存在准确率较低和特征点难以提取的问题。针对这些问题,本研究首先提出脉搏波分解算法,将脉搏波分解为三个钟型波复合的形式,由此获取到准确的脉搏波传播时间;之后提出混合特征卷积神经网络模型ABP-net,该模型将脉搏波传播时间特征和使用一维卷积自动提取的脉搏波波形特征相结合对动脉血压进行预测。最后使用ABP-net对MIMIC Ⅲ中15个患者的血压进行预测。实验结果表明,ABP-net能够有效地提取脉搏波波形特征而且对血压的预测精度更高。     

基于重搏波谷点的脉搏波波形特征量分析

目的 脉搏波包含许多重要的血流动力学信息.罗志昌教授前期研究,曾提出一个以脉图面积变化为基础的脉搏波波形特征量K.但是在长期的实验中发现相同的K值有着不同的脉搏波波形.方法 在脉搏波波形特征量K的基础上提出以重搏波谷为界将脉搏波波形分为两部分,相应地波形特征量也分为K1,和K2.结果 脉搏波波形特征量K1和K2的变化能够反映人体心脏、血管、血压、微循环功能的变化.结论 脉搏波波形特征量K值分为K1和K2后,解决了原来相同K值而生理状态不同的问题.     

基于光电容积脉搏波的心房颤动识别方法

为了能够简便快捷地检测心房颤动，提出一种基于光电容积脉搏波描记法（PPG）对心房颤动进行识别的方法。首先，将已确诊为心房颤动状态脉搏波与健康状态脉搏波数据进行对比分析；其次，基于分析结果，从脉搏波数据中提取与心房颤动相关的6类特征参数作为分类器的输入；最后，使用支持向量机（SVM）、BP神经网络、随机森林算法3种分类器建立心房颤动识别模型，其识别心房颤动的准确率分别可达89.1%、92.3%、95.2%。实验结果表明，基于PPG的心房颤动识别方法具有很高的识别准确率，尤其在使用随机森林算法作为分类器时，识别准确率达到最优。同时该检测方法简便快捷，是一种可以替代传统心电图检测识别心房颤动的方法，对心房颤动患者的长期观察监测具有临床价值。     

基于差分方法的QRS波检测

我们提出了一种基于差分方法的QRS波检测方法.该方法通过计算心电信号的差分函数,消除或减弱P波T波以及其它干扰信号对QRS波检测的影响,解决了传统检测方法检测准确率低和小波检测算法复杂,计算量大的问题.在对多组来自MIT-BIH数据库数据的实验结果表明,该方法对于各种病态波形具有很好的适应性.在我们研制的"十二导心电图PC系统"中,该方法已得到了临床应用,检测准确率达到99%以上.     

基于心电-脉搏波的心血管疾病识别研究

为实现心血管疾病的早期筛查,降低心血管疾病临床检测的成本。本研究基于上肢脉搏波传导速度（PWV）及脉搏波相关血液动力学基础理论,采集了总计51人的脉搏波与心电信号数据,提取了包括3种PWV和脉搏波特征参数总计16个特征参数,将不同的PWV与脉搏波特征组成3个样本特征数据集,分别建立了基于K近邻学习（KNN）和支持向量机（SVM）的心血管疾病识别模型。KNN模型分类准确率为66.28%,SVM模型分类准确率为84.3%,并通过对比不同PWV对模型性能的影响,确定了用于血管评估的最优脉搏波传导速度pwvm。研究表明基于SVM建立的分类模型对心血管疾病识别有一定可靠性,为低成本的心血管疾病早期筛查提供了新思路,也为穿戴式心血管系统监测提供了基础。     

基于光电容积脉搏波波形分析的运动负荷评价

目的能量消耗是衡量运动负荷最直接的指标。本文的研究目的是利用脉搏波波形来衡量运动负荷,从而为基于可穿戴设备的运动负荷评价技术提供基础。方法招募32名年龄为18~60岁的正常人作为受试者,采用指夹式光电容积脉搏波传感器对受试者的脉搏波进行采集,使用K4b2心肺功能测试仪获取的能量消耗作为金标准进行功率自行车实验,从而获得脉搏波波形特征与能量消耗之间的关系。结果在静息状态下,脉搏波周期、主波峰值、脉搏波面积的数值较为稳定;而在功率车运动状态下,脉搏波波形周期平均值、主波峰值、脉搏波面积的平均值变小,三者标准差则增大。实验结果表明,脉搏波波形幅值对时间的积分J与能量消耗E在静止、功率车运动状态下皆呈线性关系,两者拟合直线的斜率之比为常数。结论使用光电容积脉搏波波形对运动负荷进行评估是可行的。利用脉搏波波形特征,可以较为准确地拟合出运动中的能量消耗,从而评价运动负荷。     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Studien zur humoralen Regulation des erythropoetischen Proliferationsspeichers beim Menschen

Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung der Erythroblasten-Proliferation durch das Mikromilieu wurde in vitro mittels Auswertung durch Differential- und Mitosezählungen und Signifikanzberechnung vieler Versuchsreihen auch unter verschiedenen pathologischen Bedingungen getestet.Sowohl die Mitosehäufigkeit wie die Ausreifung waren positiv mit dem Erythropoetingehalt des Medium korreliert. Der Effekt wurde durch Folsäure, Ätiocholanolon und cAMP verstärkt. Cobalt stimulierte ebenso wie Testosteron und Methenolon in vitro unabhängig von der Erythropoetinkonzentration im Medium die Erythroblastenproliferation. Ein vermindertes Eisenangebot störte die endgültige Ausreifung der Erythroblasten zu Retikulozyten und bewirkte dadurch eine Ineffektivität der Erythorpoese. Anhaltspunkte für ein Erythrozyten-Chalon oder einen Erythropoetinhemmkörper ließen sich aus unserem Versuchsansatz nicht gewinnen, weil er die Transformation der pluripotenten in die erythropoetin-sensible Stammzelle nicht einschließt. Als Nebenbefund ergab sich eine Stimulation des granulozytopoetischen Proliferationsspeichers durch Serumzusatz zum Medium von Patienten nach akutem Blutverlust und bei Polycythämia vera.Unterstützt durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

Aymara people has been a relatively homogeneous group since Spanish Conquest by 1,532 CE, even if previously represented a group of various cultural defined populations who gave rise to them. They were and are established in Andean Altiplano around Titikaka Lake (Bolivia, Peru), Argentina and Chile neighborhood, speak Aymara language and have been maintained after Europeans arrival at a lower social status than Quechua (Inca) speaking people. However, both Aymara and Quechua populations acknowledge Titikaka Lake as center of their origins; both languages are also related. Specific high frequencies of HLA-A*02, -A*24 and -A*68, HLA-B*35, -B*39 and -B*48, HLA-DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*09:01, and -DRB1*14:02, and HLA-DQB1*04:02, -DQB1*03:02 and -DQB1*03:01 alleles are found in Aymaras and HLA class II haplotypes common to Andean Amerindians (DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 and DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02), like Quechua, Aymara, Uros, Lamas and Mapuche are also found in Easter and other Pacific Islands. Giant human head stone statues at Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) are also found at Easter Island. Thus, it is possible a gene and cultural flow between Andean Amerindians and Easter and other Pacific Islands, as it was demonstrated by Thor Heyerdahl in his Kon-Tiki expedition which reached Pacific Islands sailing from El Callao Harbour (Lima, Peru).     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Lipid composition of metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis and lipid changes during growth

A lipid analysis was performed on developing metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis removed from the livers of rats at times varying from 3 to 35 weeks post infection. Lipid accounted for 7–21% of the dry weight of the parasites. The highest proportions were found at the earlier stages. The distribution was as follows; neutral lipid 27–45%; glycolipid 5–11%; and phospholipid 50–61%. The major neutral lipid was cholesterol, and minor neutral lipids were sterol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. Hydrocarbons were present throughout development, but in the highest amounts at the earlier stages. Five different glycolipids were found, all of which were identified as glycosphingolipids. An increase in the proportion of more complex glycolipids was noted as parasites grew older. Ten different phospholipids were identified, with the major components being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Other phospholipids were: lysophosphatides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and an unknown phospholipid component. Changes in the relative amounts of the two major phospholipids were found when the early and late stages were compared. Two lipids found throughout development were identified as glycosylated dolichol phosphates, and they comprised between 1 and 3% of the total phospholipid fraction. Nineteen fatty acids were detected, and the fatty acid distribution for each lipid class at each stage was determined. Seven major fatty acids were common to each. These were: hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosanoic, and docosahexaenoic.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Simple Serological Assays for Detecting Rice Tungro Viruses

An attempt was made to produce sensitive and specific polyclonal antisera against the viruses causing rice tungro disease, and to assess their potential for use in simple diagnostic tests. Using a multiple, sequential injection procedure, seven batches of polyclonal antisera against rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) were produced. These were characterized for their sensitivity and specificity using ring-interface precipitin test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Thirty-one weeks after the first immunization, antiserum batch B6b for RTBV showed the highest ring interface titer (DEP = 1:1920). For RTSV, batches S3, S4b and S5b all had similar titres (DEP = 1:640). In DAS-ELISA, however, significant differences among purified antisera (IgG) batches were observed only at IgG dilution of 10^-3. At that dilution, IgGB4b showed the greatest sensitivity, while IgGS3 showed greatest sensitivity for RTSV. When all IgG batches were tested against 11 tungro field isolates (dual RTBV-RTSV infections) at sample dilution of 1:10, IgGB4b and IgGB6b for RTBV and IgGS3 and IgGS6b for RTSV performed equally well. However, after cross adsorption with healthy plant extracts in a specially prepared healthy plant-Sepharose affinity column, only IgGB6b could be used specifically to detect RTBV in a simple tissue-print assay.     

Is it worthy to take full-course immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis? About efficacy biomarker of allergen immunotherapy

Nowadays, people pay more attention to biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. As the only recognized aetiological treatment, the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been proved by many studies. However, treatment success depends on compliance and persistence greatly, which can be impaired by the lengthy duration of AIT and socioeconomic status of patients. Besides, ineffectiveness is another factor that accounts for non-adherence. If the clinical efficacy can be predicted in the early stage of immunotherapy, it can help patients choose appropriate treatment plans, increase patient compliance and optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper mainly focuses on five candidate biomarkers, the sIgE/tIgE ratio before treatment, serum inhibitory activity for IgE, decreased basophil activation, upregulation of Tregs and tolerogenic DCs, reviews the time when potential biomarkers can predict or monitor the efficacy of AIT, discusses the reason why these indicators could serve as efficacy biomarkers and interactions among potential biomarkers.     

Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen

Neurotransmitters are not only involved in brain function but are also important signaling molecules for many diverse cell types. Neurotransmitters are widely conserved, from evolutionarily ancient organisms lacking nervous systems through man. Here, results are reported from a loss‐ and gain‐of‐function survey, using pharmacological modulators of several neurotransmitter pathways to examine possible roles for these pathways in normal embryogenesis. Applying reagents targeting the glutamatergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways to embryos of Xenopus laevis from gastrulation to organogenesis stages, we observed and quantified numerous malformations, including craniofacial defects, hyperpigmentation, muscle mispatterning and miscoiling of the gut. These data implicate several key neurotransmitters in new embryonic patterning roles, reveal novel earlier stages for processes involved in eye development, suggest new targets for subsequent molecular‐genetic investigation, and highlight the necessity for in‐depth toxicology studies of psychoactive compounds to which human embryos might be exposed during pregnancy.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.