Colonic motility diagnosis based on colonic pressure

Manometry of the alimentary tract is a valuable and widely used means to evaluate and diagnose the function of the alimentary tract. However, the measurement can be inconvenient due to the invasive method used, and the many factors affecting results. Research on colonic pressure data is even more insufficient. This paper deals with colonic pressure data via an improved method ensuring that pressure data of the whole colon is available. The data is analysed based on the learning vector quantization (LVQ) method. Testing results show that this method distinguishes the normal data and the abnormal data, consistently with the original diagnoses. This method can serve as an assistant diagnosis of colonic motility and contributes to further research on colonic motility based on pressure data.     

一种基于结肠压力的结肠动力性能诊断方法的研究

消化道测压是其他检查手段不可替代的，广泛使用的评价消化道运动功能的检查手段，对消化道运动障碍型疾病的诊断有较高的价值。但由于测量压力均是介人性检查，实施起来很不方便，且影响因素较多，所以对结果的分析还需要不断积累经验。结肠压力测量的研究更是如此。本研究对实际采集的结肠压力信号进行特征提取，采用学习矢量量化的方法进行结肠压力信号的识别。学习结果表明，这种方法可以将结肠压力信号分为正常和异常两组，与初始的医疗诊断相符合，为进一步根据结肠压力信号识别肠道的动力性能奠定了基础。     

肠道压力数据的分形分析

结肠测压是广泛使用的评价消化道功能的检查手段,对结肠运动障碍疾病的诊断有较高的价值,是其他检查手段不可替代的.本文对肠道压力数据进行分形特性的分析.通过对结肠压力数据进行预处理,采用Higuchi算法计算正常受试者和异常受试者结肠压力数据的分形维数.结果表明,该方法能够区分正常的和异常的结肠压力信号,可以作为判断肠道动力性能的辅助手段.     

肠道压力数据的盒维数分形分析

结肠测压是广泛使用的评价消化道功能的检查手段,对结肠运动障碍疾病的诊断有较高的价值,是其他检查手段不可替代的。本研究对肠道压力数据进行分形特性的分析。首先对结肠压力数据进行预处理,采用截止频率为0.4Hz的低通滤波器滤除结肠压力信号中的高频干扰成分。采用盒维数计算正常受试者和异常受试者结肠压力数据的分形维数。计算盒维数的基本原理为利用待分析曲线的积分和差分的四分位偏差值来计算分形维数。结果表明,正常的结肠压力信号的分形维数值大且随时间的变化小而异常的结肠压力信号正好相反,采用分形维数可以作为判断肠道动力性能的辅助手段。     

人体结肠压力信号的时频分析

结肠测压对结肠运动障碍疾病的诊断有较高的价值.但是由于现有资料中对结肠运动功能的认识还比较欠缺,因此对测压结果的分析还需要不断地积累经验.对实际采集的结肠压力信号进行时频分析,并与结肠基本功能相对照.结果表明,这种方法对正常和异常的结肠压力信号的区分有明显的作用.和传统的时域观察或者频域分析相比,本方法可以使噪声信号很好的局域化,具有较好的时频分辨率,适于分析结肠压力这一非平稳的信号.     

结肠压力信号的功率谱分析

结肠测压是广泛使用的评价消化道功能的检查手段，对结肠运动障碍疾病的诊断有较高的价值，是其他检查手段不可替代的。但是由于测量肠道压力都是介入性检查，实施起来很不方便，且影响因素较多，所以对结果的分析还需要不断积累经验。本文对实际采集的结肠压力信号进行功率谱密度分析，并与结肠的基本功能相对照。分析结果表明，结肠压力信号中包含着与结肠动力性能相对应的重要特征信息，将为进一步根据结肠压力信号确定其动力性能研究奠定基础。     

人体结肠压力信号的HHT分析

结肠测压技术可以提供结肠动力活动的信息.是广泛使用的评价消化道功能的检查手段.但是人体结肠压力信号具有明显的非平稳性,并且测量时难以避免外界的高频干扰,传统的时域观察或者频域分析很难对测压结果进行准确的分析.本文采用希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)对临床采集的28例结肠压力信呼进行分析.先将人体结肠压力信号通过经验模式分解(EMD)方法分解为一系列自适应的固有模式函数(IMF),然后判断并提取出其中主要的分量c3,对其进行Hilbert变换,得出时间-频率-幅值(能量)表示的三维Hilbert时频谱及其边际谱,真实准确地反映出结肠压力信号蕴含的特征信息.依据来自于医学上现有的结肠动力理论进行分析判断,结果表明,这种分析方法对于区分出正常(5例)和异常(23例)人体结肠压力信号有明显的作用.结果符合现有理论,说明HHT是一种分析结肠压力信号的有效方法.     

Central orexin-A increases colonic motility in conscious rats

Increasing evidence has indicated that brain orexin plays a vital role in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology such as gastric secretion, gastric motility and pancreatic secretion. However, little is known whether orexin in the brain is involved in the physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was therefore to elucidate whether orexin-A in the brain is involved in the regulation of colonic motility. In this study, we measured fecal pellet output and recorded intraluminal colonic pressure waves in freely moving conscious rats to evaluate the effects of central orexin-A on colonic motor functions. Intracisternal but not intraperitoneal injection of orexin-A dose-dependently (1-10 μg) increased fecal pellet output. Findings obtained from manometric recordings revealed that intracisternal administration of orexin-A at a dose of 10 μg significantly enhanced colonic motor contractions. These results suggest for the first time that orexin-A acts centrally in the brain to enhance fecal pellet output and stimulate colonic motility in conscious rats. The present study would furthermore support our hypothesis that orexin-A in the brain may be an important candidate as a mediator of the cephalic phase gut stimulation including stimulated colonic motility in addition to well known physiological response such as stimulation of gastric acid and pancreatic acid secretion, and gastric motility.     

Intraluminal administration of zingerol, a non-pungent analogue of zingerone, inhibits colonic motility in rats

Zingerone, a pungent component of ginger, may exert beneficial therapeutic effects on hypermotility-induced diarrhea because it has the ability to inhibit contractions of colonic smooth muscles. However, the pungency is undesirable for possible therapeutic use. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of zingerol, a non-pungent analogue of zingerone, in rats. Colonic motility in vivo was evaluated by measuring intraluminal pressure changes and expelled fluid volume from the colon in anesthetized rats. Mechanical contractile activities of isolated colonic segments were also recorded. Intracolonic administration of zingerol attenuated colonic motility in vivo without affecting blood pressure and heart rate in a manner similar to that of zingerone. Zingerol also inhibited spontaneous contractile movements in isolated colonic segments, suggesting that zingerol directly acts on the colon. Zingerol had no effect on jejunal motility, although zingerone showed an inhibitory effect to the jejunum. These findings suggest that zingerol can inhibit colonic motility without adverse effects on small intestinal motility and the cardiovascular system. The non-pungent property of zingerol will be useful as an oral or suppository medicine for treating diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders.     

消化道内窥镜机器人新型微驱动机构的研究

基于仿生学原理及人体消化道特性，研制出一种电磁型索状蠕动式内窥镜机器人微驱动机构。阐明了微驱动机构的驱动原理，提出了该微驱动机构适合的结构形式及驱动方式，分析了该微驱动机构的驱动性能及其消化道适应性。结果表明，该新型微驱动机构结构简单，控制方便灵活，可以有效实现在消化道的全方位驱动。     

Antagonistic changes of gastric and colonic motility during selective thermal stimulation of thoracic and lumbosacral cords in anesthetized dogs

Changes in gastric and distal colonic motility evoked by thermal stimulation of the thoracic and lumbosacral cords, either individually or simultaneously, were investigated in spinal-intact dogs and in dogs spinalized at the cervical level.Simultaneous cooling of the thoracic and lumbosacral cords increased both gastric and colonic motility before and after spinalization. The direction of the responses evoked by simultaneous heating was the opposite, but only the decrease in gastric activity in the spinal-intact dog was significant.Selective cooling of the thoracic cord increased gastric motility, but decreased colonic motility before and after spinalization. Selective heating decreased gastric motility before and after spinalization, and increased colonic motility before spinalization.Selective cooling of the lumbosacral cord decreased gastric motility and increased colonic motility in spinal-intact dogs. No significant responses could be observed during selective heating in spinal-intact dogs. However, in spinalized dogs, the selective cooling and heating increased and decreased colonic motility respectively, while no significant change was observed in gastric motility during the cooling and the heating.It is concluded from the results that thermal stimulation of the spinal cord directly affects spinal functions which control gastrointestinal motility, and that there exists a mutual inhibitory interaction between the thoracic and lumbosacral innervation of the gastrointestinal tract.     

消化道恶性肿瘤患者手术后血清CEA与PET／CT检查结果的对比分析

目的：探讨血清CEA检测和PET／CT检查对监测消化道恶性肿瘤术后复发及转移的价值。方法：所有48例消化道恶性肿瘤术后患者均进行血清CEA检测及PET／CT检查,并进行为期（3-6）个月的随访。结果：CEA对消化道恶性肿瘤术后复发和转移监测的准确率为75％,灵敏度为83．8％,特异度为58．8％,阳性预测值（PPV）为78．7％,阴性预测值（NPV）为66．7％。PET／CT检查对消化道恶性肿瘤术后复发和转移监测的准确率为91．7％,灵敏度为90．3％,特异度为94．1％,PPV为96．6％,NPV为84．2％。两组数据经统计学处理有显著意义。结论：PET／CT对消化道恶性肿瘤术后监测优于血清CEA检测,两者联检可作为消化道恶性肿瘤术后监测的首选方法。     

Study on gastric interdigestive pressure activity based on phase space reconstruction and FastICA algorithm

To investigate the features of the gastric interdigestive pressure activity under normal physiological conditions, we have developed the wireless radiotelemetry capsule based on a telemetry technique. Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this study. Pressure activity data which are an important index of gastric motility can be obtained from the wireless radiotelemetry capsule. But the capsule only records single-dimensional pressure time series which may contain a few interdependent components simultaneously. Automated embedding phase space reconstruction algorithm is employed to reconstruct multi-dimensional phase space. Then the dominant and separated component of the gastric contractions is identified using FastICA algorithm. Finally the use of Hilbert Huang transform method for analyzing the characters of gastric motility is investigated. The results show that the proposed method is an effective approach for the analysis of the gastric pressure series.     

Colonic pressure data processing based on independent component analysis

The Colonic manometry is an important technique to evaluate human colonic motor functions, which are critical for doctors to understand the pathology of intestinal diseases like slow transit constipation (STC) and colonic inertia (CI). However, in the obtained pressure signals, several patterns of colonic motor activities as well as noises mixed together, which made it difficult to observe the information people really needed. In this article, a new method was proposed to extract patterns of colonic motility from the mixed signals, so that researchers could study them thoroughly. Colonic pressure recordings from 26 volunteers were obtained by the water-perfused manometry catheters. Then independent component analysis (ICA) was introduced, which successfully separated colonic motility patterns and noises into four independent components. And according to the rhythm of contractions examined by ICA, subjects' colonic motility could be divided into three types: regular rhythm (12 subjects), slow rhythm (8 subjects) and disordered (6 subjects), which exactly accorded with their original diagnosis.     

Model of motor and secretory activities of the gastrointestinal tract

The model of motor and secretory activity was created using modified rheographer, and pharmacological analysis of the mechanisms activating alimentary motility of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out.     

Asymptomatic tubular duplication of the transverse colon in an adult

Colonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly of the alimentary tract. In most cases, symptomatic duplications of the colon are recognized and treated by childhood. It is uncommon for these lesions to be detected in the adulthood since they present with vague symptoms if at all. We experienced a case of asymptomatic tubular duplication of the transverse colon in a 40-year-old female. Barium enema revealed a tubular duplication of the transverse colon. The duplicated segment arose from the mid ascending colon and incorporated just proximal to the splenic flexure, running parallel to the transverse colon and communicating with it at both ends. Colonoscopy demonstrated a normal colonic mucosa in the duplicated segment. The diameter of its lumen gradually narrowed proximally and the colonoscope could not be passed through the proximal opening of the segment. The patient did not need any treatment. Duplications of the alimentary tract can be found at any age. The possibility of congenital lesions in the adult population should not be overlooked.     

Effect of substance P on colonic mechanoreceptors, motility, and sympathetic neurons

Intracellular recording techniques were used in vitro to analyze the effects of substance P (SP) on synaptic transmission and electrical properties of sympathetic neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) of the guinea pig. Intraluminal pressure-recording techniques were used to study the effects of SP on colonic motility. Superfusion of the ganglia with SP (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) depolarized the cell soma (2--12 mV) and increased cell input resistance (8--11 M omega). These effects converted synchronous excitatory postsynaptic potentials, in response to electrical stimulation of preganglionic nerves, and asynchronous excitatory postsynaptic potentials, in response to activation of colonic mechanoreceptors, to action potentials. Administration of SP to only the colon increased basal intraluminal pressure and the frequency and amplitude of phasic changes in intraluminal pressure. These changes increased mechanoreceptor synaptic input to neurons in the IMG. We conclude that SP facilitates synaptic transmission along noradrenergic pathways and increases colonic motility.     

Hardware-software co-design of portable functional gastrointestinal stimulator system

In the recent years, functional electrical stimulation has been applied to restore impaired motility in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike other methods of electrical stimulation of the gut, microprocessor-controlled, sequential electrical stimulation has been shown to induce peristalsis and enhance emptying in acute canine gastric and colonic models. This study aims at completing the development of a portable microprocessor-based functional stimulator system consisting of a microelectronic stimulator, patient-specific computer-based real-time software and a programming interfacing device. The ultimate goals of the design are to ensure that (1) the portable stimulator can be efficiently utilized in chronic animal experiments; and (2) the device can be further miniaturized into an implantable version. The designed portable stimulator generates four channel sequential bipolar rectangular pulse trains with programmable parameters within the stimulation requirements obtained from a previously developed computer model. Real-time simulation of colonic peristalsis and a case-specific stimulation model were implemented using patient-specific computer-based software. A chronic canine case study confirmed the feasibility of this microprocessor-controlled stimulation method for future clinical applications in humans.     

Colonic Motility in the Cat IV. Peripheral Pathways Mediating the Effects Induced by Hypothalamic and Mesencephalic Stimulation

Rostad , H. Colonic motility in the cat. IV. Peripheral pathways mediating the effects induced by hypothalamic and mesencephalic stimulation. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 154–168. The peripheral pathways by which the hypothalamus and mesencephalon influence the motility of the colon have been studied by combining brain stimulation and peripheral nerve sectioning, and by use of autonomic blocking agents. Excitatory colonic effects induced from the hypothalamic sympatho-inhibitory area with concomitant blood pressure falls were found to be mediated through the sympathetic lumbar colonic nerves, whereas excitatory responses with associated blood pressure rises were conveyed through the latter as well as through the parasympathetic pelvic nerves. On the other hand, the augmentatory colonic effects usually associated with blood pressure rise evoked from the mesencephalon were conveyed through the lumbar colonic nerves only. The responses through the lumbar colonic and pelvic nerves were blocked by guanethidine and atropine, respectively. The augmentatory colonic responses from the hypothalamic sympatho-inhibitory area were blocked by the beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol, whereas the effects from the other responsive hypothalamic areas, transmitted through the lumbar colonic nerves, were blocked by alpha-blocker (phenoxybenzaminc), but not by propranolol. This finding support the presence of alpha-excitatory receptors in the colonic wall. Inhibition of colonic motility induced by hypothalamic and mesencephalic stimulation, weir found to be mediated through the lumbar colonic as well as through the splanchnic nerves. The effects were blocked by guanethidine, and those from the responsive hypothalamic zones were also blocked by propranolol.     

消化道应用微磁囊定位系统抗地磁干扰的补偿方法

本研究介绍了一种应用于消化道微磁囊磁定位中的补偿地磁场干扰的方法.该方法通过设置补偿值来标记地磁场的干扰水平,并且用测量值减去补偿值来达到补偿干扰的目的.通过实验表明,该方法可以准确地确定定位背心所处的地磁场干扰水平;三维跟踪轨迹表明,该方法很大程度提高了微磁囊在消化道中定位的准确度.