丁酸钠部分依赖CREB上调急性白血病细胞CD86分子

目的：观察丁酸钠（SB）对急性白血病细胞CD86分子表达的影响，并探讨其作用机制。方法：流式细胞术检测NB4、HL-60、U937细胞经SB处理前后的CD86分子表达变化，半定量RT-PCR检测SB对各组细胞CD86 mRNA表达变化，AUT凝胶电泳检测核心组蛋白乙酰化程度，pCREB试剂盒检测细胞核内pCREB含量变化。结果：SB处理各组细胞CD86分子表达与对照组比较均出现显著升高；CD86 mRNA水平表达也明显增高；AUT电泳显示经SB作用后，各组细胞组蛋白乙酰化程度明显增加；SB处理后细胞核内pCREB含量增多。结论：SB使NB4、HL-60、U937细胞核心组蛋白乙酰化程度增加，染色质重塑，有利于CREB等转录因子的活化并与DNA结合，促进CD86转录增强，表达增多。     

阿糖胞苷上调耐药白血病细胞共刺激分子表达及其分子机制研究

目的研究阿糖胞苷（Ara-c）对耐药白血病细胞共刺激分子表达的影响，并探讨其分子机制。方法以流式细胞术检测K562和K562／A02细胞经Ara-C处理后CD80、CD86分子的表达，进而用RT-PCR方法检测CDS0、CD86mRNA表达以及NF-κB、IAP家族基因表达。结果经Ara-C处理后，K562和K562／A02细胞的CD80、CD86分子表达较对照组明显升高，并且能够下调NF-κB、Survivin、XIAP（X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis）基因表达，而cIAP1、cIAP2（cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-1，2）基因表达变化不明显。结论Ara-C可上调耐药白血病细胞共刺激分子CD80、CD86，相关基因NF-κB、IAP家族为参与其上调CD80和CD86分子的重要基因。     

IL-37通过作用树突状细胞调节CD8~+T细胞功能

将小鼠骨髓细胞诱导分化为DC,用IL-37处理后,流式细胞术检测细胞表面共刺激分子(CD86、CD80),RT-PCR法检测TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-12和TGF-βmRNA的表达,多重液相蛋白定量CBA试剂盒及ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-12、IFN-γ、MCP-1和TGF-β蛋白的表达。Western blotting方法检测DC中磷酸化蛋白的表达。将DC与T细胞共培养,流式细胞术检测CD8+T细胞增殖及活化程度(CFSE、CD69)。结果显示,IL-37能够降低表达CD80+/CD86+的DC数量。促炎因子TNF-α、IL-12和IL-6的表达被明显抑制,而T淋巴细胞抑制因子TGF-β明显增高。IL-37预处理的DC明显降低T淋巴细胞的增殖和活化能力。IL-37能够降低DC中磷酸化ERK和NF-κB的表达。IL-37处理的DC对CD8+T细胞产生明显抑制作用。结果表明,IL-37能够通过影响ERK和NF-κB依赖的信号通路抑制DC的成熟和免疫反应,从而抑制CD8+T细胞的活化及增殖。     

PKCθ激活γδT细胞转录因子NF-κB的作用

目的:探讨经T细胞受体(TCR)途径激活人γδT细胞时,新型蛋白激酶PKCθ在促进转录因子NF-κB活化中的作用.方法:常规分离健康人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),用结核杆菌耐热性多肽抗原(MtbAg)诱导扩增,获得Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞富集的细胞群(MtbAT).PKCθ抑制剂(Rottlerin)预处理MtbAT,抗CD3单克隆抗体(mAb)刺激后收集细胞,通过电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)检测转录因子NF-κB活性变化;经流式细胞术(FCM)检测T细胞活化分子CD69的表达情况.结果:γδT细胞经抗CD3 mAb刺激,NF-κB活性增强;Rottlerin预处理使抗CD3 mAb诱导的NF-κB活化程度显著减弱,并抑制T细胞活化分子CD69的表达.结论:PKC0在人γδT细胞经TCR途径激活NF-κB过程中具有重要作用.     

人初始和记忆CD4+T细胞信使RNA基因芯片检测结果分析

目的探讨健康成人外周血初始和记忆CD4~+T细胞静息状态下表面分子、趋化因子受体、细胞因子和转录因子mRNA表达的差异。方法抽取健康成年人外周血,分离PBMC,染色后流式分选出CD45RO-的初始和CD45RO+的记忆CD4~+T细胞,裂解细胞,进行mRNA表达谱芯片检测。结果相比初始T细胞,静息状态下记忆CD4~+T细胞表达高水平的表面分子CTLA-4、PD-1、FAS、CD25,趋化因子受体CCR4、CCR6、CXCR3、CXCR5,细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-17和转录因子T-bet、EOMES、STAT4、GATA3和RORγt,并表达低水平的表面分子CD62L、CCR7、ICAM-I、CD40L,细胞因子IL-1β和转录因子NF-κB。结论静息状态下,与初始CD4~+T细胞相比,记忆CD4~+T细胞高表达某些活化分子、细胞因子、转录因子mRNA,可能是记忆CD4~+T细胞发生快速免疫应答的关键因素。     

阿糖胞苷增强K562细胞共刺激分子B7表达以及对T细胞的免疫应答

目的 探讨阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)对白血病细胞(K562)B7分子表达以及对T细胞免疫应答的影响.方法 用流式细胞术检测K562细胞经Ara-c处理后町分子的表达以及对T细胞表面标记的影响.MTT法检测不同效靶比的情况下,诱导后的K562细胞对外周血单个核细胞(PBMNC)的刺激作用,以及用RT-PCR法检测B7分子刺激PBMNC分泌细胞因子γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的测定.结果 Ara-c能刺激K562细胞B7分子的表达,呈时间依赖性.诱导后的K562细胞显著刺激PBMNC增殖并产生IFN-γ,并能检测到T细胞表面标记.结论 Ara-c通过刺激K562细胞B7分子表达,显著提高了白血病细胞的免疫原性.     

白细胞介素-27对白血病细胞株U937细胞生物学行为的影响

目的: 探讨白细胞介素-27(IL-27)对人单核细胞白血病细胞株U937细胞的影响及其机制。方法: 用不同剂量的重组人IL-27和U937细胞分别共培养24h和48h,用荧光定量PCR测定细胞中促凋亡基因 p53、bax 及caspase-3、主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ(MHCⅠ)类分子、协同刺激分子CD86和黏附分子CD54的表达,流式细胞仪检测U937细胞表面CD86和CD54的表达,并用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定IL-27对细胞增殖的影响。结果: PCR结果显示经过不同剂量IL-27刺激后,U937细胞中促凋亡基因 p53和bax表达增加,同时,U937细胞中凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3的表达及活性也有相应增加;MTT结果显示,IL-27可以抑制U937细胞增殖并和抗肿瘤药物阿糖胞苷产生协同作用;IL-27可以诱导U937细胞中的MHCⅠ类分子(HLA-A,B,C)、表面的协同刺激分子CD86和黏附分子CD54的表达增加。结论: IL-27可以诱导U937细胞中促凋亡基因的表达,直接抑制细胞增殖,对细胞中MHCⅠ、CD86和CD54的表达有诱导作用。这可能是IL-27抗肿瘤作用的重要机制。     

人T-bet基因转染U937探讨T-bet对白血病细胞的影响

目的 探讨人T-bet基因在白血病细胞株U937中的表达及其对IFN-γ分泌的影响,寻求通过免疫调节改善白血病患者机体免疫状态的可能性.方法 采用电穿孔技术将重组人pIRES-eGFP-Tbet(pIRES-eGFP-hTbet)质粒转染U937细胞,RT-PCR检测转染前后U937细胞T-bet的mRNA水平;westen-blot检测表达的T-bet蛋白;ELISA检测其分泌IFN-γ的水平.试验中同时设立pIRES-eGFP质粒为对照.结果 电穿孔转染U937细胞后,在荧光显微镜下观察到带荧光的细胞(转染细胞),其荧光细胞阳性率80%左右,提示转染成功;转染T-bet的U937细胞,分别经RT-PCR及westen-blot检测到T-bet的mRNA和表达的蛋白,而未经转染或转染对照质粒pIRES-eGFP的细胞,均未见目的基因的转录和蛋白表达;T-bet转染细胞的培养上清中含有较高水平的IFN-γ,而转染前及对照质粒转染的细胞IFN-γ的分泌水平极低.结论 通过电穿孔方法 成功将人T-bet基因转染到白血病细胞株U937中,并检测到大量IFN-γ的产生.T-bet是免疫应答调节的重要转录因子,对其研究将有助于进一步探讨T-bet基因或其表达产物作为Th1应答的调节剂用于临床血液病治疗的可能性.     

PMA对U937细胞CD18mRNA表达的诱导作用及其机制

目的:研究PMA对CD18mRNA表达的促进作用及机制。方法:选用PMA刺激下的U937细胞为实验模型,运用定量RT-PCR方法检测U937细胞CD18mRNA的表达水平。结果:PMA具有浓度和时间依赖性地诱导U937细胞CD18mRNA表达的作用,这种作用能分别被PKC、NF-κB抑制剂所抑制,但不能被转录因子AP-1抑制剂所抑制。结论:PMA能激活细胞的PKC,进而通过其后的信号转导通路促进CD18mRNA的表达,转录因子NF-κB为PMA刺激下的U937细胞CD18基因转录所必需,而AP-1则相反。     

铜绿假单胞菌活菌诱导不同分化状态的U937细胞表达IL-8的研究

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aenginasa，Pα）活菌对不同分化状态的U937细胞表达IL-8的诱导作用及通过蛋白激酶C（PKC）和核因子κB（NF-κB）的调控机理。方法采用ELISA和RT-PCR法，分别对Pα诱导不同分化状态的人单核白血病细胞系U937细胞分泌IL-8及U937细胞IL-8 mRNA表达进行研究，应用Western blot检验IκB及NF-κB的蛋白表达，观察PKC和NF-κB活化抑制剂对IL-8表达的影响。结果Pα可促进U937细胞及佛波酯（PMA）分化的U937细胞IL-8 mRNA的表达及IL-8的分泌，而且具有明显的量效和时效关系。Pα能直接诱导并迅速活化NF-κB，1h达到高峰，以后逐渐下降。PKC阻断剂calphostin C及NF-κB阻断剂PDTC均能显著抑制NF-κB的活化及IL-8的表达（P〈0．01）。结论IL-8的产生可能与U937细胞的分化状态有关；Pα可能通过PKC信号通路促进NF-κB的活化，从而启动IL-8的高效表达和分泌。     

Human T cell leukemia virus type I Tax activates CD40 gene expression via the NF-kappa B pathway

The human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is an oncogenic retrovirus that is etiologically linked to the genesis of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) as well as HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Emerging evidence suggests that the pathogenicity of HTLV-I involves deregulated activation of immune cells, especially T lymphocytes, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HTLV-I Tax induces the aberrant expression of CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family that plays an important role in lymphocyte activation and differentiation. In a panel of HTLV-I-transformed T cell lines analyzed, CD40 expression was highly elevated compared to HTLV-I-negative T cells. Using Tax mutants and a genetically manipulated T cell system, we demonstrated that Tax-induced CD40 expression required the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. In addition, ligation of CD40 on T cells with recombinant CD40L elicited NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that the CD40 pathway is intact and may participate in a positive regulatory loop in T cells. CD40 ligation strongly synergized with Tax to activate NF-kappaB, suggesting that CD40 signals may costimulate Tax-mediated NF-kappaB activation, particularly when Tax is expressed at low levels. Collectively, these results indicate that CD40 is a novel Tax-regulated gene, and the regulation of CD40 by Tax may play a role in cellular activation and HTLV-I-induced disease pathogenesis.     

Differential regulation of TSG-14 expression in murine fibroblasts and peritoneal macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 14 (TSG-14, also termed PTX3) encodes a secreted glycoprotein whose carboxy-terminal half shares sequence similarity with the pentraxin family of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component). We compared TSG-14 mRNA expression in cultures of murine BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. TNF and interleukin-1 (IL-1) potently induced TSG-14 expression in 3T3 fibroblasts but not in peritoneal macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited TSG-14 expression in both cell types, but induction in 3T3 cells and macrophages showed several distinct characteristics. Whereas in 3T3 fibroblasts TSG-14 mRNA was rapidly up-regulated by LPS, expression in macrophages was substantially delayed. Furthermore, cycloheximide greatly reduced LPS-induced TSG-14 mRNA up-regulation in macrophages but not in 3T3 cells. Finally, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; but not IFN-alpha/beta) inhibited LPS-induced TSG-14 expression in macrophages and not in 3T3 fibroblasts. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and TSG-14 expression in macrophages. In contrast, IFN-gamma did not inhibit NF-kappaB function as measured by IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta degradation, IkappaB-alpha resynthesis, or electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. Inhibition of LPS-induced TSG-14 mRNA expression by IFN-gamma in macrophages was also observed in the presence of cycloheximide and in cells from STAT1 null mice, suggesting that IFN-gamma inhibits TSG-14 expression through an unconventional mechanism.     

The negative regulators Foxj1 and Foxo3a are up-regulated by a peptide that inhibits systemic lupus erythematosus-associated T cell responses

A peptide (hCDR1) based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an anti-DNA antibody ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in induced and spontaneous lupus models. Our objectives were to determine the effects of hCDR1 on TCR signaling and on its negative regulators, Foxj1 and Foxo3a. BALB/c mice were immunized with the SLE-inducing anti-DNA antibody, designated 16/6Id, and treated with hCDR1. hCDR1 treatment specifically inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by T cells in association with down-regulated T-bet expression and NF-kappaB activation; however, GATA-3 expression was not affected. Furthermore, TCR signaling (ZAP-70 phosphorylation) was inhibited, and the mRNA expression of the two modulators of Th1 activation, Foxj1 and Foxo3a, was significantly up-regulated. The latter were also elevated in SLE-afflicted (NZBxNZW)F1 mice that were treated with hCDR1. Addition of TGF-beta, which was elevated following treatment with hCDR1, to T cells from 16/6Id immunized mice, up-regulated Foxj1 and Foxo3a mRNA expression, similarly to hCDR1. In contrast, anti-TGF-beta antibodies added to hCDR1-treated T cells abrogated its effect. Thus, hCDR1 elevates TGF-beta, which contributes to the up-regulation of T cell Foxj1 and Foxo3a expression, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and IFN-gamma secretion, which is required for the maintenance of SLE.     

Establishment and Characterization of a Cell Based Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell for Expansion and Activation of CD8^＋ T Cells Ex Vivo

Artificial antigen-presenting cells are expected to stimulate the expansion and acquisition of optimal therapeutic features of T cells before infusion. Here CD32 that binds to a crystallizable fragment of IgG monoclonal antibody was genetically expressed on human K562 leukemia cells to provide a ligand for T-cell receptor. CD86 and 4-1BBL, which are ligands of co-stimulating receptors of CD28 and 4-1BB, respectively, were also expressed on K562 cells. Then we accomplished the artificial antigen-presenting cells by coupling K32/CD86/4-1BBL cell with OKT3 monoclonal antibody against CD3, named K32/CD86/4-1BBL/OKT3 cells. These artificial modified cells had the abilities of inducing CD8^＋ T cell activation, promoting CD8^＋ T cell proliferation, division, and long-term growth, inhibiting CD8^＋ T cell apoptosis, and enhancing CD8^＋ T cell secretion of IFN-T and perforin. Furthermore, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes could be retained in the culture stimulated with K32/CD86/4-1BBL/OKT3 cells at least within 28 days. This approach was robust, simple, reproducible and economical for expansion and activation of CD8^＋ T cells and may have important therapeutic implications for adoptive immunotherapy. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.     

Differential function of CD80- and CD86-transfected human melanoma cells in the presence of IL-12 and IFN-gamma

Introduction of co-stimulatory molecules like CD80 and CD86 represents a means to augment the immunogenicity of tumor cells and to induce immune responses directed at tumor antigens. Here we compared CD80- and CD86-transfected human melanoma cells to induce primary immune responses by their capacity to promote proliferation of human allogeneic resting T lymphocytes. CD80- and CD86-transfected SkMel63 melanoma cells induced T cell activation to a comparable degree, which was found to be independent of the cell surface density of these co- stimulatory molecules. Co-expression of CD80 and CD86 did not result in a synergistic increase in T cell proliferation. Both CD80 and CD86 transfectants induced the proliferation of isolated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Exogenous IL-2, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha respectively enhanced primary T cell proliferation independent of CD80 or CD86 expression. Interestingly, differential activities of CD80 and CD86 were observed following stimulation of resting T cells in the presence of IL-12. Whereas IL-12 increased T cell proliferation in the presence of CD86-transfected melanoma cells, it exhibited an inhibitory function in the presence of CD80-expressing SkMel63 cells. Experimental evidence indicates that this inhibitory effect was mediated by IFN- gamma since (I) IFN-gamma secretion of stimulated T cells was augmented by IL-12, (II) exogenous IFN-gamma also inhibited T cell proliferation induced by CD80- but not CD86-transfected SkMel63 cells and (III) the inhibitory effect of IL-12 was blocked by an anti-IFN-gamma mAb.