家兔脊髓双侧后根神经节神经元数量不对称性及对称性的研究

本研究对6例家兔的脊髓颈膨大斔C_4～T_2和4例家兔的胸髓T_5～T_(10)后根神经节的神经元进行了细胞和核仁大小的测量,并作细胞计数。动物常规灌注固定后,将取出的后根神经节石蜡包理,并沿神经节长轴做连续切片,片厚分为2、10μm两种,焦油固紫染色。光镜下对各节段细胞按Konigsmark(1970)法计数,并以核仁为指征进行计数校正,计算每对神经节细胞数的左右比值。此外,还用Histo-     

脊髓动脉及其配布形式

本文观察了101例(成人62,儿童39)脊髓外部的动脉。按各动脉在脊髓前面的配布形式,分为三个供血区:1.颈髓上端3～4节为颈上区,主要由脊髓前动脉供血;2.C_4或C_5至T_5或T_6节为颈膨大区,主要由颈膨大动脉供血;3.T_6或T_7节以下为腰膨大区,主要由腰膨大动脉供血。各区交界处(即C_(3～4)和T_(5～6)节)的前正中动脉,常见狭窄或中断,为供血区分界部位。本文对认为T_4和L_1节供血薄弱,提出不同看法。脊髓前动脉以双支结合型者多见(46.53％)。前根动脉每例5.2(2～10)支。颈膨大动脉多见于C_(7,8)(C_5～T_3节,左侧者占55.45％。腰膨大动脉多见于T_9(T_6～L_2)节,左侧者占72.28％。各动脉在脊髓后面的配布形式,以颈、腰膨大处较发达。脊髓后动脉起于椎动脉者占76.41％。后根动脉每例9.3(5～21)支。     

家兔正中神经躯体运动神经元的定位研究

本文用HRP逆行轴突追踪技术显示家兔正中神经及其各分支的躯体运动神经元。HRP标记细胞见于脊髓C_5—T_2节段前角外侧部,正中神经的臂支、前臂支和爪支的标记细胞在脊髓内分别位于C_5—C_7、C_6—T_2和C_7—T_2节段,各组标记细胞在脊髓灰质内呈明显的躯体定位排列。用图象分析仪对标记细胞分析测量,其平均值为:长径27.8±8.57微米,宽径20.0±6.40微米,面积449±260平方微米,周长为78.8±24.4微米,体积9967±8560立方微米,细胞的长、宽径比值1.41±0.29。     

国人脊髓的观察

本文解剖了成年尸体25具(男19具,女6具)。测量了脊髓各节段长,左脊神经根长以及脊髓颈、腰膨大部和胸髓最小部的矢状径、冠状径和周径,并且还测量了骶前脊柱长和脊柱全长。发现脊髓各节段长的曲线有两个高峰。第1高峰在第7胸髓另一高峰在第5颈髓。脊神经根的长度,以腰、骶脊神经根最长,其次是胸脊神经根,而以颈脊神经根最短。还见到上、下脊神经后根间有交通支,这一交通支以颈部最多,其次是腰部,再次是骶部,而以胸部最少。在25 例左侧 C_1的脊神经后根中,发现17例无 C_1后根,缺如率占68.00%。     

支配家兔肠系膜上神经节的交感节前神经元在脊髓内的定位和节段分布——HRP法研究

将HRP注入7只家兔肠系膜上神经节内,观察标记的交感节前神经元在脊髓内的位置和分布节段。结果如下:1.标记细胞位于中间外侧核本部(47.40％)、中介核(30.99％)、中介核旁室管膜部(21.50％)、中间外侧核侧索部(0.11％)。2.标记细胞分布在T_5～L_3节段内,76.62％的标记细胞集中分布在T_8～T_(11)节,高峰在T_9节(19.03％)。3.各核团标记细胞节段分布的集中趋势不同。4.标记细胞在脊髓内呈双侧对称性分布。     

路过猫星状神经节的传入神经元的节段性分布——HRP法的研究

本实验将33只猫分为两组,第一组在左或右星状神经节内注射HRP后,标记细胞分布在注射同侧的C_4～T_(?)脊神经节,大多数标记细胞集中分布在T_(1～5)脊神经节。左、右侧标记细胞的节段性分布和分布模式上没有明显差别。各节段的标记细胞大多数为50μm以下的中、小型细胞。另一组切断椎神经后将HRP注入星状神经节,标记细胞仅分布在T_(1～9)脊神经节,证明椎神经是C_(4～8)脊神经节细胞发出传入纤维路经星状神经节的联系通路。     

运用HRP逆行追踪法对家兔脊髓小脑束起始细胞的研究

本文在11只家兔小脑内,进行单侧或双侧辣根过氧化物酶注射,以研究脊髓各部标记神经元的分布。同时,为确定胸髓以下这些神经元轴突是否在脊髓内交叉上行,其中4只家兔在注射前,还作了下胸髓的一侧半断。标记的脊髓小脑束起始细胞在脊髓中分布甚广。位于颈髓的有:1.中央颈核(C_(1～4));2.Ⅵ层内侧部细胞(C_2～T_1);3.Ⅶ层中央部细胞(C_(4～8));4.后角Ⅳ～V层细胞(C_(5～8))。胸髓以下的标记细胞可分两大类:1.具有不交叉上行轴突的细胞为:(1)背核(T_(2～L_4));(2)后角Ⅳ～Ⅵ层细胞(T_2～L_6)。2.具有交叉越边上行轴突的细胞则包括:(1)脊髓前角边缘细胞(L_(3～6));(2)Ⅶ层内侧群细胞(L_5以下骶尾髓);(3)后角V层细胞(骶尾髓);(4)前角Ⅶ～Ⅷ层细胞(骶尾髓)。家兔脊髓小脑束起始细胞的分布和轴突投射特点,与猫相类似。这对进一步用家兔研究脊髓小脑系统的解剖学和生理学打下一定基础。     

家兔肝脏面传入纤维的逆行追踪—HRP法

将HRP注入15只家兔肝门区后,在以下神经节内出现酶标细胞:全部实验动物的双侧T_(2-12)脊神经节、双侧迷走神经的上节(颈静脉节)和下节(结状节),右侧T_(13)和左侧L_1脊神经节各1例。酶标细胞在脊神经节内出现的高峰在T_(4-8),与传统记载的T_(7-9)不同,并讨论了颈神经节(C_(3-5))和腹腔神经节内未出现酶标细胞等问题。     

星状神经节交感节前神经元在脊髓内的定位及节段性分布——HRP法研究

将HRP注入猫星状神经节,存活52～72小时后进行灌流固定,并用O-D法对脊髓切片进行成色反应,观察星状神经节交感节前神经元在脊髓的定位及节段性分布。HRP标记细胞出现在注射侧脊髓五个区域内:1.中间外侧核本部(ILp 76.08％);2.中间外侧核外侧索部(ILf10.51％);3.前角外侧缘核(AH 5.88％);4.中介核(IC 5.31％);5.中介核旁室管膜部(ICpe2.22％)。在节段性分布方面,颈_8到胸_(10)节段出现标记细胞,其中出现最多的是胸_3节段。ILp中标记细胞出现在颈_8到胸_(10)节段,高峰在胸_3;而ILf标记细胞出现在颈_8到胸_(?),高峰在胸_1;AH标记细胞出现在胸_1到胸_8,高峰在胸_2;IC和ICpe标记细胞出现在颈_8到胸_(10)节段,高峰在胸_6。     

经家兔颈交感干内脏传入纤维研究

将HRP分组给予家兔颈交感干、颈上神经节和部分颈部脏器,观察颈及上胸段脊神经后根节标记神经元胞体分布。结果提示颈段脊神经后根节内有内脏感觉神经元胞体,其周围突可经颈上神经节或颈交感干到达某些颈部脏器。对颈脊神经后根节与颈交感干间内脏传入纤维的可能经行途径进行了初步的探讨。     

体外培养海马神经元生长过程中Nogo-A分布的变化

目的 探讨Nogo-A在神经元中的表达与神经元发育分化的关系，以推测Nogo-A在中枢神经系统发育分化过程中的意义。方法 采用怀孕18d大鼠胚胎海马神经元体外高密度和低密度培养方法，应用免疫荧光细胞化学染色和Western blot，观察Nogo-A在体外培养的大鼠海马神经元的分布模式及其在不同生长阶段的变化。结果 Nogo-A在海马神经元生长过程中均表达，主要分布在胞浆、胞膜和突起上。神经元突起形成过程中，Nogo-A主要表达于突起的近端，在轴突上随着轴突的伸长逐渐表达于轴突远端和生长锥。Nogo-A在成熟神经元网状的突起上呈串珠样分布。结论 Nogo-A在中枢神经系统中具有不同于抑制作用的其他功能，可能参与神经元突起生长、轴突投射等过程。     

DIFFERENCES IN TRACKING SKILL AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVATION DYNAMICS IN CHILDREN HIGH OR LOW IN PERSISTENCE IN SCHOOLWORK

Seven children (9–10 years) rated by their schoolteachers as high in persistence (HP) and seven rated as low in persistence (LP) were compared in a simulated car-driving situation with a risk-taking game component. Increased reward was paid for every consecutive two minutes that they managed to drive without making more than five “off the road” errors within each of four ten-minute periods. More than five errors meant loss of accumulated reward, and the situation thus was meant to evoke a kind of temporal approach-avoidance conflict. Heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory rate were recorded throughout the session. The LP children made significantly more “off the road” errors than the HP children during the four driving periods. They also had significantly lower skin conductance levels and lower respiratory rates during the work periods, as well as a suggested difference in the pattern of change in skin conductance.     

多肽类物质在体外培养星形胶质细胞中的表达

Recently, scientists interested in the diseases of human brain have paid much attention to the neuropeptides ［Nie XJ, et al. Rev Neurosci 1996, 7(3): 177］. Under normal conditions, these neuropeptides are found in some types of neurons and in endothelial cells of microvessels but not in glial cells.     

EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA IN NUDE MICE AND IN VITRO

A transplantable tumor strain desiǵnated YNnu and a cultured cell line desiǵnated YN were established from the human paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma of a 15-year-old boy. In vitro the cells showed ultrastructural features of immature mesenchymal cells, and a few cells were labeled by antibodies to myoǵlobin and/or desmin. In nude mice, the cells became to contain numerous myofibrils with Z-bands, and considerable number of cells reacted with anti-myoglobin and/or anti-desmin antibodies. We conclude that spindle-shaped or small round cells are the most immature rhabdomyoblast with multiplicity for cellular differentiation. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1495-1505, 1986.     

COLLAGEN-PRODUCING MESOTHELIAL CELLS IN ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED PLEURITIS IN RAT

By the microautoradiographic method using ³H-proline, collagen production by mesothelial cells was investigated in adriamycin-induced pleuritis in rats. In subpleural granulation tissue formed at 4 to 7 days after the intrapleural injection of adriamycin, proliferating fibroblasts and primitive mesenchymal cells were most intensely labeled, and abundant deposition of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides were demonstrated about these cells. It is thus concluded that these subpleural mesenchymal cells are mainly responsible for the fibrosing process. Labeling was also observed in some reactive mesothelial cells and macrophages free-floating in the pleural exudate. Several ultrastructural differences between labeled mesothelial cells floating in the fluid and lining the pleural surface were confirmed, suggesting a change in ability to synthesize collagen during mesothelial desquamation. It seems likely that these labeled mononuclear cells in the effusion, attached to the pleural wound surface, support fibrosis performed by underlying collagen-synthesizing mesenchymal cells. Pleural fibrosis disappeared by 10 days, when mesothelial regeneration was almost complete. Probably this change may be due to fibrinolytic activity caused by regenerative mesothelial cells derived from subpleural mesenchymal cells.