Chalones of the liver

Injection of liver extract and blood serum of healthy intact mice and also of the blood serum from clinically healthy persons into CBA x C57BL hybrid mice sharply inhibits mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy. Extracts of regenerating liver and blood serum of animals with a regenerating liver do not inhibit mitosis in hepatocytes. Blood serum from a patient with postnecrotic active cirrhosis of the liver not only did not inhibit mitoses in the hepatocytes but actually increased their number. It is suggested that the concentration of chalones is reduced in the cirrhotic liver.Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 1482–1484, December, 1976.     

Changes in mitotic activity of hepatocytes and resorption of necrotic areas during induction of cirrhosis of the liver

Cirrhosis of the liver was induced in rats weighing 120–140 g by administration of CCl₄ for 2 months. Iodinated oil was injected through the spleen of the experimental and intact animals to produce embolism of the branches of the portal vein and foci of necrosis in the liver tissue. The volume of the necrotic foci and the mitotic activity of the hepatocytes were determined. In cirrhosis of the liver the necrotic foci were resorbed more rapidly. The increase in the mitotic index on the second day after injection of the iodinated oil was greater in the control rats. The results suggest the appearance of a new cell clone in the liver which is responsible for resorption of the necrotic tissue and the reduction in mitotic activity of the hepatocytes in animals during development of cirrhosis of the liver.Department of Pathological Anatomy, I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Kraevskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 617–618, May, 1976.     

Changes in the liver following penetration by a gastric ulcer (experimental investigation)

Changes in the liver following penetration by a gastric ulcer were studied in 130 albino rats. Ulcers were produced by Okabe's method. During penetration the capsule of the liver is destroyed and four zones can be distinguished in the tissues of the organ: necrosis, demarcation inflammation, necrobiosis, and proliferation of hepatocytes. Together with destructive processes, in the early stages repair processes developed in the parenchyma and connective-tissue structures. Active proliferation of hepatocytes and of bile ducts leads to their penetration into the granulation tissue at the base of the ulcer. After healing of the ulcer complete restoration of the affected areas of the liver takes place but adhesions with the stomach remain.Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Main Board for Health Care, Moscow City Executive Committee, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Strukov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 370–372, March, 1980.     

Fatty macroregenerative nodule in non-steatotic liver cirrhosis

Summary We here describe the morphologies of 9 macroregenerative nodules (MRNs) showing moderate to marked fatty change (fatty MRN) from 6 cases of non- or minimally-steatotic cirrhotic livers. In most of these cases, no obvious steatogenic factors of the liver were obtainable. These fatty MRNs showed more or less a sharp border. Seven of these fatty MRNs showed a variable degree of unusual morphological alterations suggestive of neoplasia: atypical and hyperchromatic nuclei, abnormal blood vessels, foci of clustering Mallory bodies, numerous hyaline globules, -fetoprotein-positive hepatocytes, resistance to iron accumulation, infiltration into the portal tracts within MRN, and occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma without fatty change. These observations suggest that at least some of the fatty MRNs are neoplastic or belong to a borderline lesion, and that the fatty change in the MRNs may be one of hepatocellular expressions related to human hepatocarcinogenesis.     

Steroid hormone levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver

Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 237–239, March, 1990.     

Effect of preceding stress on mitotic activity of the regenerating liver

For 2 h male rats were immobilized 14 h or 24 h before partial hepatectomy. Some of these animals received subcutaneous injections of theophylline immediately after immobilization and next day. Under the influence of stress a tendency was observed for mitotic activity of the regenerating liver to be increased. This effect was particularly marked in rats receiving theophylline additionally.Department of Physiology of Animals, N. G. Chernyshevskii Saratov University. Central Research Laboratory, Saratov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1254–1255, October, 1976.     

Effect of a spleen-sparing operation on functional state of liver mitochondria of rats with experimental cirrhosis

Research Institute of Pediatrics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Central Research Laboratory, Tashkent Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. L. Studenikin.) Translated from Byulleten' £Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 191–193, February, 1991.     

Role of the liver in development of dyshormonal diseases of the mammary gland in rats

Intermittent administration of CCl₄ combined with permanent illumination led to a decrease in the frequency of mastopathy and mammary gland tumors in sexually immature female rats and lengthened the period of their development. It is suggested that during regression of cirrhosis the liver may lose its ability to activate estrogens.Laboratory of Carcinogenic Substances, Department of Carcinogenic Agents, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR L. M. Shabad.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 12, pp. 713–715, December, 1978.     

Destructive and reparative processes in the liver in acute experimental peritonitis

Department of Pathological Anatomy, Izhevsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 8, pp. 217–220, August, 1990.