Arterialization of the venous system of the brain

Department of Normal Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 9–11, January, 1988.     

Axons from non-cochlear sources in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. A study with the rapid Golgi method.

Six groups of non-cochlear axons which project to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat can be identified in rapid Golgi preparations. The axons in three of these groups enter the anteroventral cochlear nucleus from its medial border, most of the fibers coming from the trapezoid body. Group I axons terminate in the anterior part of the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Group II axons terminate in a portion of the small cell cap and in part of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus; they supply some endings to the dorsal part of the posterior division of the anteroventral nucleus as well. Group III axons end diffusely throughout the anterior division but not in the posterior division. Two groups of axons travel from caudal parts of the cochlear nucleus to the anteroventral part within the small cell cap. Group IV axons end in the dorsal part of the posterior division. Group V axons terminate in the dorsal part of the anterior division. Group VI axons course through the granule cell layer and form endings there but not in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus proper. The axons of each group form characteristic patterns of terminal branches, which give the different parts of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus a distinctive appearance in rapid Golgi preparations.Each subdivision of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus receives cochlear input. However, the present findings demonstrate differential non-cochlear inputs to the various subdivisions, implying that non-cochlear influences on the activity of the neurons may not be the same throughout the nucleus. Moreover, each subdivision contains several types of neurons and the non-cochlear inputs may project to all or to only some of these cell types. Thus, the arrangements of the non-primary inputs to the neurons of the cochlear nuclear complex introduce another level of complexity to its synaptic organization.     

The effects of oxytocin on the activity of cells in the anterior hypothalamus in experimental stress

Acute experiments on white laboratory rats were performed to study spike activity in neurons of the anterior hypothalamus in response to i.v. injections of different doses of oxytocin. The results showed that oxytocin evoked different types of rearrangement of neuron activity both in intact and in stressed animals. The dose-related effects of oxytocin affected the latent periods of neuron responses and the nature of rearrangements in spike activity. The greater the frequency of the baseline activity of the cells, the less marked was the response of the neurons to administration of oxytocin.Translated from Problemy Éndokrinologii, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 39–41, July–August, 2004.     

Effect of denervation of the heart on its function in asphyxia

Central Research Laboratory, N. A. Semashko Moscow Medical Stomatologic Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 8, pp. 128–130, August, 1991.     

Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Blood of Women With Inflammatory and Neoplastic Lesions of the Ovary

ABSTRACT: Blood samples from 181 women with inflammatory conditions and with benign or malignant neoplasms of the ovary and from 36 healthy women (control group) were examined by determining the following indicators of cell-mediated immunity: leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, absolute number of lymphocytes, percentage of rosette-forming T lymphocytes, absolute number of T lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity of granulocytes. In women with ovary inflammation, there was a very high phagocytic activity of granulocytes. It correlated with an increased leukocyte count. The activity and number of T lymphocytes were very low in this group. In this group was also the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. In the group with malignancies of the ovary, there were the same very low activity and number of T lymphocytes. The values of T lymphocytes in inflammations and malignancies were almost equal and did not differ significantly from one another. The phagocytic activity of granulocytes was the lowest in women with malignancies of the ovary. In blood of women with benign neoplasms of the ovary, the activity and number of T lymphocytes and the activity of granulocytes were significantly higher than in the malignancies group.     

胎儿心电图与胎心率无负荷试验临床应用价值的比较

目的探讨胎儿心电图（FECG），胎心率无负荷试验（NST）对胎儿监测的价值。方法采用随机抽样对317例（37-41w）孕妇分别于同日行胎儿心电图（FECG）胎心率无负荷试验（NST）监测，并结合超声检查及分娩后临床所见进行对比分析。结果FECG阳性率32％，NST阳性率为16％，对胎儿宫内危险因素的监测，胎儿心电图（FECG）较胎心率无负荷试验（NST）具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。     

Proteins of the retina and its pigmented epithelium in hereditary degeneration of the retina

The assortments of water-soluble and membrane proteins of the retina and its pigmented epithelium in Campbell (albino) rats with hereditary degeneration of the retina and in healthy Wistar rats were studied by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Early changes were shown to be detectable in the assortment of retinal proteins of the diseased animals; the first proteins to undergo changes were found to be neither cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase noropsin. Changes in the set of proteins of the pigmented epithelium were observed much later.Laboratory of the Biochemical Basis of Reception, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 211–213, February, 1980.     

胃体和胃窦部体表胃电电极定位观测

本文采用 X 线胃肠钡餐摄片法,以胃体及胃窦部中央为胃体点和胃窦点.100名正常人测量结果:胃体点在剑突至脐连线中点上方平均1.6cm,旁开左侧4.5cm 处;胃窦点在剑突至脐连线中点下方0.7cm,旁开右侧1.4cm 处。     

电子护理文书质量缺陷中潜在的法律问题分析与对策

目的 提高临床护理质量,减少电子护理文书质量缺陷,保证病案信息的法律依据的准确性. 方法对2009年1至6月电子护理文书质量缺陷中潜在的法律问题进行分析. 结果电子护理文书质量缺陷影响了病案记载内容的客观性、真实性和严肃的法律性.结论 强化护理人员法律意识教育,从法律角度认识记录病案信息的重要性,进而规范临床护理与护理文书书写.     

Spatial distribution of activity of the neurons of the visual cortex during stimulation with a flash of diffused light

At different stages in the development of the response to a flash of diffused light, groupings of excited neurons in field 17 of the guinea pig continue to occur within the same cortical microzones. These zones are separated from neighboring microzones by narrow inhibition zones. The ensembles of cells participating in excitation form columns tapering with depth. The grouping of excited cells noted during a silent break indicates a grouping of inhibitory neurons. Three subgroups are distinguished within the ensembles according to the average dynamics of their impulse activity; the groups are reciprocally interrelated. One of the subgroups is in the lower layers of the cortex. This subgroup is characterized by stably localized foci of maximal activity; their dynamics, apparently reflecting groupings of corticofugal neurons, are sharply distinguished from the subgroups of the middle layers. The ensembles under investigation are considered to be one of the forms of activity of the structural-morphological units in the cortex.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 46–54, January, 1983.     

A pressor area in the caudal part of the ventral surface of the medulla

Department of Physiology of Visceral Systems, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR B. I. Tkachenko.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 387–389, October, 1988.     

Repeated amputation of the lower incisors in rats and hypertrophy of the salivary glands and testes

Repeated amputation of the lower incisors in rats aged 11 and 14 days causes hypertrophy of the testes only if the submandibular salivary glands are present. Bilateral removal of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands prevents the development of testicular hypertrophy. After unilateral removal of these glands the testis increased in weight but hypertrophy did not always develop. The absence of testicular hypertrophy in the sialadenectomized animals is evidence that the growth-stimulating action of repeated amputations of the lower incisors on the testis is mediated somehow through salivary gland function.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 220–221, August, 1977.     

Morphogenesis and histogenesis of the muzzle skin in bovines

Summary The development of the bovine muzzle has been studied in 43 foetuses and 5 young calves by morphometric, histological and histochemical methods, in order to clarify the morphogenetic events controlling the formation of the papillary body and cutaneous areoles of this region. In early foetuses the outer epidermis surface and dermo-epidermal boundary are smooth. Subsequently, due to differential growth in limited and neighbouring regions, hemispheric dermal bulges protrude towards the epidermis (primary dermal papillae). At later stages of development, a number of conical secondary papillae are seen to arise at the surface of the primary dermal ones in regular array, concentrically to the axis of the dermal primary papillae.The morphology of the papillary body is considered to be primarily conditioned by the vascular net, which develops very early in the foetus in the outermost dermal layers at the boundary with the epidermis.Both the cutaneous areoles and the limiting grooves seem to form later as a result of the activity exerted on the epidermis by the dermis papillary body.     

Morphological study of the ureterovesical junction in children

Morphological and morphometric assessment of the elements of the ureterovesical junction in children was performed in the present study in different age groups ranging from 24 weeks of gestation to 16 years old. We tried to answer the question whether, in human ontogenesis, there is a period of anatomical predisposition to primary vesicoureteral reflux. The study included 210 urinary bladders with juxtavesical parts of the ureters that had been obtained from routine autopsies. As a result of the study, we showed that provided the pregnancy is uncomplicated there is no inherited susceptibility that would account for reducing or disturbing the development of ureterovesical junction elements. Based on the analysis of our results concerning the anatomy and morphological changes taking place in the elements of the ureterovesical junction in different age groups, one could put forward a hypothesis that anatomical predisposition to primary vesicoureteral reflux occurs in age group II, i.e. between 28 and 37 weeks of gestation. The parameters that define interrelations between elements of the ureterovesical junction and that are considered essential for normal functioning of antireflux mechanism were still observed in age group VI in our study. This suggests that these relations are not unambiguous in children with normally structured and functionally competent vesicoureteral junction.     

Projections of striatopallidal structures to the pedunculopontine nucleus of the tegmentum of the midbrain in dogs

A method based on retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase was used to study the striatopallidal afferent projections of the pendunculopontine nucleus of the midbrain (PPN) in dogs. The major source of these projections was found to be the pallidum, as both the compact and diffuse zones of this nucleus received projections from all of its structures: the entopeduncular nucleus, the globus pallidus, and the ventral pallidum. The striatal complex, specifically the nucleus accumbens, showed only occasional labeled neurons, projecting exclusively to the compact part of the PPN. Since the distribution of projection fibers arising from the functionally diverse territories of the striatopallidum and directed to individual structural subdivisions of the PPN showed no topical elements, identification of functionally specific (motor and limbic) areas of the PPN was not possible on the basis of the present analysis. __________ Translated from Morfologiya, Vol. 130, No. 6, pp. 30–34, November–December, 2006.     

Concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the breast: a case report

A case of concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the left breast in a forty-three year old woman is described. Following a diagnosis of angiosarcoma she was treated by simple mastectomy. Five months later, left axillary lymph node biopsy showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Retrospective examination of the mastectomy specimen disclosed a concomitant but separate adenocarcinoma. The patient remains well after 3 years. The implications of this rare association are discussed and the long survival gives an opportunity to review the prognosis in breast angiosarcomas.     

Experimental study of posttraumatic regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucosa in dogs

Sources of repetitive regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucosa were studied. To do this, several operations were performed on the stomach and intestine of 16 dogs. The investigations showed that a leading role in the regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucosa under experimental conditions is played by the intact epithlium surrounding the zone of the operation. This is confirmed by the fact that an intestinal graft on a vascular pedicle, stripped of its mucosa and sutured into a defect in the stomach wall, is covered by gastric mucosa, whereas a stomach graft, stripped of its mucosa, is covered by intestinal mucosa if it is transplanted as a cylindrical insert into the intestinal tube; a small gastric pouch, if stripped of its mucosa, is obliterated, as is completely explained by the absence of the main source of regeneration, namely intact epithelium of the mucosa at the periphery of the defect. Regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa from implanted cells could not be demonstrated; consequently, regeneration under the experimental conditions used took place as a result of sliding of epithelial cells surrounding the zone of the operation over the denuded surface.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. S. Savel'ev.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 883–885, July, 1976.