动物细胞培养用生物反应器及其力学环境

动物细胞体外培养时 ,生物反应器是整个培养过程的关键设备 ,为细胞提供一个适宜的生长环境 ,使之快速增殖并形成所需的生物组织制品。由于动物细胞在其形态结构、培养方法以及所需的力学环境等方面均不同于微生物细胞 ,因而传统的微生物反应器显然已不适用于动物细胞大规模培养 ,特别是组织工程的需要 ,促使新型生物反应器的研究与开发。本文针对动物细胞培养的基本特点 ,综述了动物细胞培养用生物反应器 ,并探讨了生物反应器中的力学问题     

成骨细胞在旋转壁式生物反应器内的大规模扩增

目的 进行SD大鼠成骨细胞在旋转壁式生物反应器内大规模扩增培养的研究。方法利用微载体悬浮培养法在旋转壁式生物反应器内大规模扩增成骨细胞，检测其组织形态和生物功能后。作为接种到支架材料上并于反应器内三维环境中培养组织工程骨的种子细胞。结果成骨细胞在生物反应器中每代可以扩增十倍以上，同时经过倒置相差显微镜、SEM(扫描电镜)以及ALP(碱性磷酸酶)和MTT等生物学性能检测后，发现在旋转壁式生物反应器中三维培养的成骨细胞各种生物指标性能良好。结论新型旋转壁式生物反应器可以提供低剪切力的培养环境，而且细胞之间有三维联系的机会，成骨细胞表现出良好的体外扩增能力，适于建立一种理想的成骨细胞体外扩增的三维培养体系。     

组织工程皮肤生物反应器的研究与设计

目的设计一套生物反应器,能针对不同支架材料--细胞复合物进行构建组织工程皮肤.方法根据皮肤的自身生长特点和不同支架材料-细胞复合物的特性,模拟皮肤的生长环境和力学环境,通过生物反应器解决组织工程皮肤构建中支架的装夹和气液界面问题.结果生物反应器由控制系统和生物反应器主体两部分构成,能提供对多种皮肤细胞复合物的动态培养.结论皮肤生物反应器能够满足不同组织工程皮肤产品的需要.能够形成气液界面和模拟生物力学的刺激.     

生物反应器在血管组织工程中的应用及进展

论述生物反应器的种类与发展,以及其在血管组织工程种子细胞培养和组织工程血管构建方面的主要研究进展。根据生物反应器领域的发展,分析了生物反应器对种子细胞培养、扩增的影响,尤其是对干细胞培养、定向分化方面的影响;阐述生物反应器内种植细胞的方法,以及机械力学对细胞生长、黏附的影响;探讨生物力学与血管构建的关系。最后提出生物反应器未来的发展趋势。     

生物反应器在组织工程研究中的应用

生物反应器在组织工程研究中的应用非常广泛,从最初的种子细胞增殖、分化,到关键的组织体外构建,都可以利用生物反应器来模拟细胞和组织在体内的生长环境,提高工程化组织构建的效率。本文结合本期发表的6篇相关文献,介绍了组织工程中研究中生物反应器的作用,建议通过包括生物力学在内的多学科的研究手段,获得调控不同类型细胞生长和组织构建的关键参数,实现功能化组织工程的研究目标。     

肝组织工程研究中生物反应器的研究进展

文章就生物反应器的特点、生物反应器在肝组织工程中的应用（肝组织重建、生物人工肝脏、药物筛选、生物反应器在肝组织工程其他相关方面的应用）进行综述,论述目前生物反应器亟待解决的问题是供氧问题、细胞密度和分布及微型化,指出生物反应器作为一个重要的媒介促进肝组织工程及生物人工肝的研究发展：同时肝细胞反应器可有效提高培养肝细胞的生物功能,其也将为肝再生医学的理论研究、肝脏的药物代谢及功能评价等提供有效的技术手段,肝细胞生物反应器的研发具有重要的理论意义和巨大的经济价值。     

用于组织工程化培养生物反应器的研究进展

生物反应器是组织工程研究与临床应用的重要工具之一，近年来一直受到国内外学和企业的广泛关注。本系统地介绍了各种用于组织工程化培养生物反应器的研究现状。由于生物反应器的机械性能、传质以及流体剪应力等因素对培养组织的形态和功能有很大的影响，因比，深入研究和开发新型生物反应器对组织工程的研究和今后临床的应用都有着十分重要的意义。     

用于组织工程化培养生物反应器的研究进展

生物反应器是组织工程研究与临床应用的重要工具之一 ,近年来一直受到国内外学者和企业的广泛关注。本文系统地介绍了各种用于组织工程化培养生物反应器的研究现状。由于生物反应器的机械性能、传质以及流体剪应力等因素对培养组织的形态和功能有很大的影响 ,因比 ,深入研究和开发新型生物反应器对组织工程的研究和今后临床的应用都有着十分重要的意义     

生物反应器在组织工程中的应用

组织工程学是利用生命科学与工程科学原理,体外制备用于修复受损组织的移植物,以满足器官移植需求.目前制备的工程化组织存在生物活性差和经济成本高的缺陷,限制了其临床应用.生物反应器是制备工程化组织的重要设备,它可以促进营养物质交换和增加机械应力刺激等.通过对培养微环境的精细调控,生物反应器可以促进工程化组织的熟化,降低成本,从而推动工程化组织的实际应用.     

新型动态载荷与循环灌流生物反应器系统的设计

目的设计一套动态应变加载系统和三维灌流培养系统,并测试其性能。方法明确动态载荷与循环灌流生物反应器的设计原则;设计并构建动态应变加载系统和三维灌流培养系统,研制供三维灌流与加载专用的培养舱;测定培养系统的无菌效果以及其应变加载的精确度和稳定性,进行组织工程骨的初步培养观察。结果该生物反应器可为组织培养物提供不同大小和频率的压应变以及不同流量的灌流条件,可控精度高、操作简单可行、性能稳定;连续运转5 d后,培养液中无细菌生长。初步培养结果表明,体外构建的组织工程骨在生物反应器中培养10 d,其成骨细胞的增殖和成骨活性明显高于静态培养和单纯灌流培养。结论该生物反应器可以成为三维条件下进行骨细胞生物力学研究的一种较理想的动态培养与应变加载装置。     

Bioreactors for tissue engineering: focus on mechanical constraints. A comparative review

Considering the current techniques in cell culture, the stimulation of cellular proliferation and the formation of bidimensional tissues such as skin are widely performed in academic and industrial research laboratories. However, the formation of cohesive, organized, and functional tissues by three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is complex. A suitable environment is required, which is achieved and maintained in a specific bioreactor, a device that reproduces the physiological environment (including biochemical and mechanical functions) specific to the tissue that is to be regenerated. Bioreactors can also be used to apply mechanical constraints during maturation of the regenerating tissue for studying and understanding the mechanical factors influencing tissue regeneration. In this work, the main types of bioreactors used for tissue engineering and regeneration, as well as their most common applications, were reviewed and compared. The importance of the mechanical properties applied to the scaffolds and the regenerating constructs has been often neglected. This review focused on the influence of mechanical stresses and strains during the culture period that leads to the final mechanical properties of the construct.     

软骨组织工程生物反应器的研究进展

体外软骨构建是软骨组织工程产业化发展及临床应用的重要手段。然而,采用现有的体外构建技术无法构建功能接近正常的软骨。生物反应器能够在一定程度上模拟体内环境,有望弥补现有体外构建技术的弊端。研究发现,流体剪切力、静态液压力和直接压缩力是体内软骨发育和成熟的重要力学因素,常用软骨生物反应器均据此设计而产生。由于不同类型生物反应器各具特点,研究和开发新型复合式生物反应器将成为未来的发展方向。对目前软骨组织工程生物反应器的研究现状做一综述。     

康复工程生物力学2021年研究进展

康复工程与生物力学具有天然的密切联系,许多康复工程中的核心问题就是生物力学问题。2021年,康复工程生物力学领域的最新进展主要体现在康复设备和辅具拟人化设计的生物力学、人体接触界面的生物力学和人机动态交互的生物力学3个方面。本文结合2021年最新进展,总结康复工程生物力学的研究方法、主要应用和存在的问题,并探讨未来发展方向。     

Bioreactors for bone tissue engineering

Bone tissue engineering is a promising solution for patients with bone defects that require reconstruction. This regenerative therapy consists in culturing osteogenic cells on a biodegradable substrate to obtain a bio-hybrid construct that will stimulate bone healing after implantation. This multidisciplinary technology nevertheless requires further development before it can become routine clinical practice. One challenge is to achieve three-dimensional seeding and osteogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells on biomaterials under sterile and reproducible conditions. For this purpose, different dynamic culture systems have been developed. This paper reviews recent advances in the field of bioreactors for bone tissue engineering. The purpose of such systems is to improve nutrient delivery to the cells and generate shear stress that may promote cell differentiation into osteoblastic phenotypes. A brief overview of the value of computational fluid dynamics for understanding the cell environment is also provided. Finally, some proposals are made regarding the use of bioreactors as safe and controllable devices that will help commit cells and biomaterials for the regeneration of bone tissue.     

韧带组织工程研究进展

韧带组织血供少 ,损伤后很难完全愈合 ,造成关节功能严重障碍。组织工程学的发展为韧带损伤的治疗提供了新的可能途径。本文对组织工程韧带领域中目前研究的主要成果进行综述 ,着重就组织工程韧带种子细胞的选择、生长因子的应用、支架材料的选择以及细胞与支架材料之间的相互作用四个方面进行了阐述。目前的研究虽取得了一些进展 ,但仍需在构建有良好力学性能和降解性能支架材料、设计制造能对韧带细胞进行三维培养的生物反应器等方面进行大量研究。     

Use of Flow,Electrical, and Mechanical Stimulation to Promote Engineering of Striated Muscles

The field of tissue engineering involves design of high-fidelity tissue substitutes for predictive experimental assays in vitro and cell-based regenerative therapies in vivo. Design of striated muscle tissues, such as cardiac and skeletal muscle, has been particularly challenging due to a high metabolic demand and complex cellular organization and electromechanical function of the native tissues. Successful engineering of highly functional striated muscles may thus require creation of biomimetic culture conditions involving medium perfusion, electrical and mechanical stimulation. When optimized, these external cues are expected to synergistically and dynamically activate important intracellular signaling pathways leading to accelerated muscle growth and development. This review will discuss the use of different types of tissue culture bioreactors aimed at providing conditions for enhanced structural and functional maturation of engineered striated muscles.     

Monitoring the kinetics of glucose transfer across a bioreactor membrane with a glucose sensor

Bioreactors for cell culture, in which hollow fibers are sealed into a protective jacket, cells are seeded in the fibers' outer surface and a culture medium circulates through the fibers, have been proposed as a bioartificial pancreas. We used a needle-type glucose sensor to study the kinetics of glucose transfer across the membrane of one such device. The glucose transfer was found to be dependent on the flow rate of the circulating medium, which suggests the involvement of an ultrafiltration flux across the membrane. The glucose concentration was heterogeneous within the cell compartment. This heterogeneity, and the delay in transmission of changes in glucose concentration from the circulating medium to the cell compartment, can be ascribed to the large volume of the compartment. The design of these bioreactors should therefore be modified, in order to meet the requirements of glucose transfer kinetics of a bioartificial pancreas.     

Fetal development, mechanobiology and optimal control processes can improve vascular tissue regeneration in bioreactors: an integrative review

Vascular tissue engineering aims to regenerate blood vessels to replace diseased arteries for cardiovascular patients. With the scaffold-based approach, cells are seeded on a scaffold showing specific properties and are expected to proliferate and self-organize into a functional vascular tissue. Bioreactors can significantly contribute to this objective by providing a suitable environment for the maturation of the tissue engineered blood vessel. It is recognized from the mechanotransduction principles that mechanical stimuli can influence the protein synthesis of the extra-cellular matrix thus leading to maturation and organization of the tissues. Up to date, no bioreactor is especially conceived to take advantage of the mechanobiology and optimize the construct maturation through an advanced control strategy. In this review, experimental strategies in the field of vascular tissue engineering are detailed, and a new approach inspired by fetal development, mechanobiology and optimal control paradigms is proposed. In this new approach, the culture conditions (i.e. flow, circumferential strain, pressure frequency, and others) are supposed to dynamically evolve to match the maturity of vascular constructs and maximize the efficiency of the regeneration process. Moreover, this approach allows the investigation of the mechanisms of growth, remodeling and mechanotransduction during the culture.