APOBEC3F的克隆、真核表达及其抗HBV效应的初步研究

目的克隆、体外真核表达载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑酶催化多肽样3F(APOBEC3F)基因并研究其抗病毒效应。方法应用RT-PCR的方法从人PBMC细胞中扩增APOBEC3F基因,构建HA-APOBEC3F融合蛋白真核表达载体pXFA3F,pXFA3F和具有复制能力的1.3倍HBV载体pHBV1.3共转染HepG2细胞,Western印迹检测APOBEC3F融合蛋白在HepG2细胞中的表达,ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清液中的HBsAg和HBeAg水平,实时定量PCR检测HBV相关mRNA水平变化。结果克隆了APOBEC3F基因,其经测序与GeneBank公布序列一致;构建的APOBEC3F真核表达载体pXFA3F经转染可在HepG2细胞中瞬时表达;APOBEC3F可抑制乙型肝炎表面抗原和e抗原的分泌,可使转染细胞内HBV相关mRNA水平下降。结论成功克隆并真核表达了APOBEC3F基因,其在体外具有抗HBV生物学效应。     

利用RNA干扰技术干扰HBeAg表达的研究

构建针对乙肝病毒HBeAg前c/c区(HBV prec/c)的短发夹环RNA(shRNA)质粒(psiHBV),观察其在体内外对HBV复制的抑制作用。构建RNA干扰真核表达载体psiHBV,与1.5倍HBV真核表达质粒pHBV1.5共转染HeLa细胞,用微粒子化学发光分析仪(MEIA)分别检测细胞上清和细胞裂解液中HBeAg表达水平;用半定量PCR检测prec/cmRNA的转录情况。随后用水动力学方法,向小鼠尾静脉注射pHBV1.5建立小鼠急性乙型肝炎病毒感染模型。采用此感染模型,将pHBV1.5与在体外实验筛选到有明显抑制作用的shRNA表达载体(psiHBV4)共注射,注射后第6天用同样方法检测其干扰效果。结果显示,成功构建了针对HBV前c/c区的shRNA表达载体psiHBV4、psiHBV5、psiHBV6及无关shRNA表达载体psiC,筛选到在体外对HBeAg有明显的抑制作用的psiHBV4载体;注射pHBV1.5的动物血清高表达HBsAg和HBeAg。而共注射干扰性psiHBV4明显抑制了HBeAg的表达,与单纯感染组相比有显著差异,RT-PCR显示肝内HBV C mRNA水平亦明显降低。上述结果表明,siRNA能特异抑制HBV的复制和表达,对乙型肝炎的治疗有潜在应用前景。     

固有免疫分子TRIM5α对乙型肝炎病毒复制的影响

目的:构建固有免疫分子TRIM5α的真核表达质粒,研究TRIM5α 对HBV复制的影响.方法:通过巢氏RT-PCR技术从恒河猴肺组织中扩增出TRIM5α的编码基因,并将其克隆入pcDNA3.1真核表达载体.将TRIM5α真核表达质粒转染HepG2细胞,用Western blot的方法鉴定TRIM5α蛋白表达情况.将TRIM5α真核表达质粒与复制型HBV质粒通过磷酸钙沉淀法共转染HepG2细胞、通过尾静脉高压注射法共转染BALB/c小鼠.ELISA检测转染细胞上清及小鼠血清中的HBsAg和HBeAg;免疫组化检测小鼠肝组织HBcAg的表达;Southern blot检测转染细胞中HBV复制中间体.将TRIM5α真核表达质粒转染293T细胞3小时后,再将基于HIV-1结构的慢病毒载体三质粒系统转染293T细胞,通过检测转染细胞上清中的HIV-1 p24抗原含量来鉴定TRIM5α抗HIV-1功能.结果:成功构建TRIM5α真核表达质粒;过表达TRIM5α不能有效降低HBV抗原和复制中间体水平,但可抑制HIV-1 p24抗原的表达.结论:TRIM5α不能有效抑制HBV的复制.     

肝脏内源性microRNA调控乙型肝炎病毒基因的表达与复制

目的探讨肝脏内源性microRNA对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制与基因表达的影响。方法通过miRNA靶点分析软件寻找与HBV序列之间相关联的肝脏内源性microRNA,体外化学合成相应的microRNA分子,将合成寡核苷酸及对照与1.3倍HBV全基因组真核表达质粒pUC18-HBV1.3采用Lipofectamine2000共转染HepG2细胞,转染48h后收集细胞培养上清;通过ELISA检测HBsAg、HBeAg的表达水平;Western印迹检测HBcAg的表达水平;Trizol抽提转染细胞RNA,逆转录后用荧光定量PCR检测HBVmRNA的水平;提取细胞基因组DNA,Southern印迹检测HBV的复制中间体。经以上检测从HBV蛋白表达、转录和复制水平评价相应的microRNA作用效应。结果生物信息学方法提示miR-16和miR-122存在与HBV基因组作用的可能结合位点。经试验初步证实miR-16可下调HBV蛋白的表达及HBVDNA水平;miR-122可下调HBsAg、HBeAg的表达,上调HBVmRNA的水平。结论肝脏内源性microRNA可以调节HBV的复制与基因表达。     

靶向HBVs和e抗原基因的shRNA表达载体共转染对HBV抗原表达的抑制作用

目的:探索靶向乙型肝炎病毒HBsAg基因的shR-NA表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3及靶向HBeAg基因shRNA表达载体psiHBV4、psiHBV5、psiHBV6共转染,对体外培养HepG2.2.15细胞中的HBV抗原表达的抑制作用。方法:以质粒PTZ为阴性对照,将自行构建的靶向HBVs和e抗原基因的shRNA表达载体按不同组合共转染HepG-2.2.15细胞;继续培养24 h后用MEIA分别检测细胞裂解液和培养上清中HBsAg和HBeAg的表达水平。结果:psiHBV4+PgS2、psiH-BV4+PgS3在联合转染时,在细胞上清和裂解液中对HBsAg和HBeAg表达都有显著抑制作用(P0.05),psiHBV5+PgS1、psiHBV6+PgS3对裂解液HBeAg表达抑制作用不显著(P0.05)。结论:靶向HBs和HBe基因的两种载体psiH-BV4+PgS2、psiHBV4+PgS3共转染比单个载体转染更能显著减少HBV抗原的表达。     

MXA蛋白抑制HBV复制的体外研究

目的研究MXA蛋白抑制HBV复制的活性。方法将pcDNA3．1-MXA重组质粒和PU19-1．24HBV重组质粒分别按1：1、2：1共转染HepG2细胞（MXA组），对照组使用空pcDNA3．1、Salon DNA和PU19-1．24HBV重组质粒共转染，3d后Western blot检测MXA蛋白表达，Abbott法检测细胞上清HBeAg和HBsAg分泌量，定量PCR检测上清和胞内HBV DNA水平，统计学分析结果。pcDNA3．1-MXA与PU19-1．24HBV重组质粒共转染HepG2细胞，对照组为pcDNA3．1-MXA重组质粒、PU19空质粒和Salon DNA共转染．3d后裂解细胞Western blot检测MXA蛋白表达。结果Western blot显示MXA组有MXA蛋白表达：与对照组相比，pcDNA3．1-MXA和PU19—1．24HBV重组质粒按1：1转染时，MXA组HBeAg下降27％．上清HBV DNA和细胞内HBV DNA分别下降1个log值和0．6个log值；按2：1比例转染时MXA组HBeAg较对照组下降66％，上清HBV DNA和细胞内HBV DNA水平分别下降1．9个和1．7个log值，差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Western blot检测显示MXA蛋白抑制HBV组与对照组MXA蛋白表达没有明显差别。结论MXA蛋白在HepG2细胞具有抑制HBV复制活性，抑制活性与蛋白的表达量相关；在抑制HBV复制过程中MXA蛋白自身可能不发生降解。     

特异性的VP1-siRNA对CVB3复制抑制作用的研究

目的 研究特异性的CVB3-VP1 siRNA对CVB3体外复制的抑制作用的量效关系与时效关系。方法 CVB3感染HeLa细胞，利用脂质体介导将CVB3-VP1siRNA转染HeLa细胞，用RT-PCR法检测CVB3-VP1 RNA水平，免疫荧光检测CVB3-VP1蛋白的表达水平。结果 60pmol／LCVB3-VP1 siRNA是抑制CVB3 RNA及VP1表达的最佳剂量；在转染后的48h，siRNA对CVB3-VP1的抑制作用达到最佳状态。结论 特异性的CVB3-VP1 siRNA对CVB3-VP1蛋白表达水平及CVB3-RNA复制水平呈明显的剂量依赖关系和时效关系，转染后48h呈现出完全抑制作用。     

HBV adr亚型体外感染肝细胞模型的建立

目的:构建1.1倍乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)全基因的真核表达载体,稳定转染L-02细胞,建立HBVadr亚型体外感染的细胞模型。方法:以pVUⅡ酶切质粒p3.6Ⅱ获得1.1倍HBV DNA片段,用牛小肠碱性磷酸酶将经EcoRV线性化的pcDNA3去磷酸化,以T4DNA连接酶连接1.1倍HBV DNA片段和线性化的pcDNA3,将构建的pcDNA3-1.1HBV以脂质体转染L-02肝癌细胞,经G418稳定筛选。ELISA检测转染细胞培养上清中HB-sAg、HBeAg的表达。RT-PCR检测转染细胞中HBpreS2、HBX的表达。结果:成功构建了1.1倍HBV全基因真核表达载体,稳定转染L-02后,建立了新的肝细胞系L-02.1Z,其培养上清中可检测到HBsAg、HBeAg的稳定表达,并可检测到HBpreS2、HBX RNA在转染细胞中表达。结论:该表达载体可介导病毒复制,其稳定转染的细胞可作为一种新型的HBV体外感染模型。     

胞嘧啶脱氨酶APOBEC3G可能通过G→A突变抑制乙型肝炎病毒的复制

目的研究胞嘧啶脱氨酶APOBEC3G(A3G)对HBV复制的影响及作用机制。方法利用脂质体介导A3G和HBV的真核表达质粒瞬时共转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2,以空载体pcDNA3.1与HBV真核表达质粒共转染为对照,同时转染含增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因的质粒载体以判定转染效率。共转染两天后用荧光定量PCR方法定量细胞内核壳体(core)相关HBV DNA水平,用Western blot检测细胞内A3G和HBcAg的表达,并对细胞内core相关HBV DNA X基因进行PCR扩增、T-A克隆和测序,分析X基因中的碱基突变。结果经EGFP判定的转染效率平均为29%。共转染0.5μgA3G和0.5μgHBV的HepG2细胞内core相关HBV DNA量平均下降为对照的8.9%,共转染2μgA3G和0.5μgHBV的平均下降为对照的0.6%。共转染A3G和HBV表达质粒后,HepG2细胞内HBV的X基因中发生G→A突变的数目明显增多,33个克隆中有9个克隆检测到了16～37个G→A突变,突变总数达254个,而对照的33个克隆中仅有2个克隆各检测到2个G→A突变。进一步的分析发现,共转染A3G后发生的G→A突变大多集中于几个热点区域,突变靶点常在GG二核苷酸中的第一个G上。结论胞嘧啶脱氨酶APOBEC3G可能通过诱导。HBV DNA的X基因发生G→A超突变,抑制HBV在人肝癌细胞HepG2中的复制。     

霉酚酸对HepG2.2.15细胞中乙型肝炎病毒复制的影响

目的:探讨霉酚酸（MPA）在体外对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制的影响。 方法:将不同浓度的MPA（1-20 mg/L）作用于HepG2.2.15细胞，在外加或不加鸟嘌呤核苷（简称鸟苷）的情况下，分别收集第4 d细胞培养上清，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测上清中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）和e抗原（HBeAg），采用逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测细胞内乙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白mRNA（HBV core mRNA）,狭缝印迹杂交法定量分析细胞内 HBV DNA。 结果:在不外加鸟苷情况下，MPA对HBV复制具有抑制作用，随着浓度增加，对HBsAg和HBeAg的抑制率逐渐上升，细胞内HBV DNA复制水平下降。外加鸟苷后能逆转MPA对HBV复制的抑制作用。 结论:MPA对HepG2.2.15细胞HBsAg和HBeAg的分泌及HBV DNA复制具有抑制作用。MPA可能通过减少细胞内鸟苷酸的合成来实现对HBV复制的抑制。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者B细胞功能的研究

对24例乙型慢迁肝患者进行体外B细胞功能研究.结果显示慢性迁延性肝炎(慢迁肝)患者外周血单个核细胞自发产生或经美洲商陆(PWM)刺激后产生的IgG、IgM量与正常人相比无显著差异.乙型慢活肝患者自发产生的IgG、IgM量比正常人明显升高,但经PWM刺激后,IgG、IgM的产生量反而比对照组明显减低.慢活肝患者血清IgG量与B细胞体外培养产生的IgG量有较明显的相关性.     

Hepatitis B virus genotypes and spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in Taiwanese hepatitis B carriers

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into eight genotypes (A-H), and genotype C is associated with more aggressive liver disease compared to genotype B. However, the mechanisms responsible for the clinical differences remain unclear. To test whether genotype C patients had with lower rates of spontaneous hepatitis B ge antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion than genotype B patients, stored serum samples from 146 Taiwanese adult HBeAg-positive hepatitis B carriers followed-up for a mean of 52 months (range, 12-120 months) were tested for HBV genotype by a molecular method. Genotype C patients were significantly older than genotype B patients (mean age, 37 +/- 12 vs. 29 +/- 10 years, P < 0.001). During the follow-up period, genotype C patients had a significantly lower rate of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion than genotype B patients (27 vs. 47%, P < 0.025). Spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion occurred one decade later in genotype C patients compared with genotype B patients. Multivariate analyses identified age < or =35 years (odds ratio: 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-4.0; P < 0.05), high baseline serum alanine aminotransferase level (odds ratio: 2.34; 95%CI, 1.39-4.09; P < 0.005), and HBV genotype B (odds ratio: 1.94; 95%CI, 1.03-3.63; P < 0.05) as independent factors associated with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. In conclusion, genotype C patients, compared to genotype B patients, have a delayed HBeAg seroconversion in the immune clearance phase of chronic HBV infection, which may contribute to a more progressive liver disease and more refractory to antiviral therapy.     

Identification of four novel HLA-B alleles, B*1590, B*1591, B*2726, and B*4705, from an East African population by high-resolution sequence-based typing

We report here four novel HLA-B alleles, B*1590, B*1591, B*2726, and B*4705, identified from an East African population during sequence-based HLA-B typing. The novel alleles were confirmed by sequencing two separate polymerase chain reaction products, and by molecular cloning and sequencing multiple clones. B*1590 is identical to B*1510 at exon 2 and exon 3, except for a difference (GCCGTC) at codon 158. Sequence differences at codon 152 (GAGGTG) and codon 167 (TGGTCG) differentiate B*1591 from B*1503 at exon 3. B*2726 is identical to B*2708 at exon 2 and exon 3, except for a difference (AAGCAG) at codon 70. B*4705 was identified in three Kenyan women. The allele is identical to B*47010101/02 at exon 2 and exon 3, except for differences at codon 97 (AGGAAT) and codon 99 (TTTTAT). These new alleles have been named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee. Identification of these novel HLA-B alleles reflects the genetic diversity of this East African population.     

Novel HLA-B alleles, B*8201, B*3515 and B*5106, add to the complexity of serologic identification of HLA types

Three class I alleles, B*8201, B*3515 and B*5106, have been described using DNA and cDNA sequencing. The B*8201 allele is most structurally related to B*5602, differing from it by 14 nucleotide substitutions resulting in 5 amino acid differences. The other two alleles, B*3515 and B*5106, differ from their most closely related HLA-B alleles by 2–3 nucleotide substitutions resulting in 1–2 amino acid substitutions, respectively. The majority of nucleotide substitutions marking these new alleles are observed in other HLA-B alleles suggesting that gene conversion and/or reciprocal recombination have created this diversity. All of the amino acid substitutions are predicted to alter the antigen binding site of the HLA-B molecule. The newly defined HLA-B allelic products were originally defined by their unusual serologic reactivity patterns. The B*8201 allelic product is serologically typed as a B "blank" or as a variant of B22 or B45. These patterns and the serologic reactivity of the other newly described allelic products are consistent with the protein sequence homology among specific HLA-B molecules. While serology remains a powerful tool for detecting HLA diversity, alleles generated by events resulting in the sharing of HLA sequence polymorphisms among alleles at a locus will continue to create complexity in the interpretation of typing results.     

Alterations in peripheral B cells and B cell progenitors following androgen ablation in mice

The production of B lymphocytes is regulated in part by physiologic levels of androgens and estrogens. While these sex hormones down-regulate B lymphopoiesis, augmentation of B lymphopoiesis occurs under conditions where androgen or estrogen levels are decreased. In this study we examine the effect of androgen ablation of male mice on B lymphopoiesis and on the phenotypic composition of peripheral B lymphocyte populations. Spleen and thymic weights are significantly increased following castration, as is the total number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, the absolute numbers of B cells in the periphery are selectively increased following castration; the numbers of T cells, NK cells and granulocytes remain unchanged. The increase in circulating B cells is due largely to increases in the numbers of recent bone marrow emigrants expressing a B220(lo+)CD24(hi+) phenotype and these cells remain significantly elevated in castrated mice for up to 54 days post-castration. Similar increases in the percentages of newly emigrated B cells are observed in mice that lack a functional androgen receptor (TFM:). Finally, assessments of B cell progenitors in the bone marrow revealed significant increases in the relative numbers of IL-7-responsive B cell progenitors, including cells in Hardy fractions B (early pro-B cells), C (late pro-B cells), D (pre-B cells) and E (immature B cells). These findings demonstrate that androgen ablation following castration significantly and selectively alters the composition of peripheral B cells in mice. Further, these alterations result from the potentiating effects of androgen ablation on IL-7-responsive pro-B cell progenitors.     

Overlapping gene mutations of hepatitis B virus in a chronic hepatitis B patient with hepatitis B surface antigen loss during lamivudine therapy

Disappearance of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) in chronic hepatitis B usually indicates clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, false HBsAg negativity with mutations in pre-S2 and 'a' determinant has been reported. It is also known that YMDD mutations decrease the production of HBV and escape detection of serum HBsAg. Here, we report overlapping gene mutations in a patient with HBsAg loss during the lamivudine therapy. After 36 months of lamivudine therapy in a 44-yrold Korean chronic hepatitis B patient, serum HBsAg turned negative while HBV DNA remained positive by a DNA probe method. Nucleotide sequence of serum HBV DNA was compared with the HBV genotype C subtype adr registered in NCBI AF 286594. Deletion of nucleotides 23 to 55 (amino acids 12 to 22) was identified in the pre-S2 region. Sequencing of the 'a' determinant revealed amino acid substitutions as I126S, T131N, M133T, and S136Y. Methionine of rtM204 in the P gene was substituted for isoleucine indicating YIDD mutation (rtM204I). We identified a HBV mutant composed of pre-S2 deletions and 'a' determinant substitutions with YMDD mutation. Our result suggests that false HBsAg negativity can be induced by combination of overlapping gene mutations during the lamivudine therapy.