彩色多普勒超声检测妊娠高血压眼动脉血流参数的临床意义分析

目的讨论彩色多普勒超声检测妊娠高血压眼动脉血流参数的临床意义分析。方法实验组选取我院发生妊娠高血压的孕妇260例,对照组选取正常的孕妇300例,对两组的孕妇的眼动脉的搏动的指数,收缩期的第二峰与第一峰的最大的流速的比值以及阻力指数实行比较。结果实验组的眼动脉的搏动的指数,阻力指数小于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组的收缩期的第二峰与第一峰的最大的流速的比值大于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经过研究发现,眼动脉的搏动的指数,阻力指数与孕妇的病情呈负相关,收缩期的第二峰与第一峰的最大的流速的比值与病情的程度呈正比。     

人文关怀与医院的人性化服务

人文关怀的本质是与人的尊严、人的价值、人的权利、人的心灵、人的理想、人的命运、人的精神生活、人的独立人格等密切相关的。“人文关怀”为一哲学伦理学概念，它的终极目标是对人的精神的关照，人文关怀不具有技术关怀的“短、平、快”的实用功效，却具有更根本的“铸灵性”功用。从物质到精神，是一个质的飞跃。人文关怀的提出标志着我国对卫生改革的认识上升到一种理性的高度。     

合理情绪疗法在临床心理危机干预中的应用

<正>医院中的心理危机来自患者家属及医护人员的不良情绪的困扰和不良行为的后果。首先是生物性的压力造成的,长期的慢性的疾病的折磨、突发的急危重的疾病以及创伤(车祸、矿难、工伤)的痛苦和对环境的陌生     

医疗服务中的卫生经济理论

人们的需要是无限的,这种人类的自然欲望正是人类社会进步的源动力.然而,可供人类生存活动的空间和资源是有限的,有限的资源相对于无限的需要即构成了资源的稀缺性.这种资源的稀缺性引出了经济学所要研究的基本问题,即如何解决稀缺资源的有效配置,如何有效地利用有限的、稀缺的资源来满足人们无限多样的需要.     

对全科医学教育培训的若干问题探讨

影响我国全科医学的教育培训的因素是多方面的,从承担全科医学教育培训的高等医学院校的角度来看,完善的教学计划、适宜的培训教材、多种类的教学方法,合格的师资队伍和先进的教学设施是保证教学质量、培养合格人才的关键.     

基因表达调控互作网络模型的研究

随着基因组学研究的进展,获得的基因表达的生物信息在短时间内产生海量的数据,揭示了相关基因及其产物的研究之间的关系,基因表达的调控不是孤立的、单一的,而是相互制约,相互联系,构成了复杂的基因调控网络。单个基因的基因网络调控的影响几乎是所有细胞功能和活性的体现,分离和表达几乎完全不能准确反映生活本身的现象及其内在规律。研究了几种经典的调控网络模型的构建的基本原理和算法,讨论各种模型的优缺点及其适用条件,对不同的基因网络模型的比较与分析,从而揭示生命的本质和疾病发生机制,对复杂疾病的治疗提供理论依据。     

关于采用利血平(PezepnuH)于心肌梗塞病的心动过速

广泛的采用萝芙本制剂于医学中除了降低血压的特性还有镇静的作用。在以后的年代注意到用利血平一萝芙木的主要的生物碱于治疗某些心血管疾病:它降低心脏收缩的频率并延长心脏的舒张期,而并没有降低分钟容积,使心脏的工作更经济,除此以外利血平对存在有心动过速的心脏的二尖瓣的病也有益。广泛的利用利血平的这种性质于甲状腺机能亢进,神经原质的心动过速及防止阵发性心搏过速的发作。利血平在多数的结合动脉粥样硬化的高血压病于冠状循环的良好影响。采用它并综合血     

沟通技巧在健康体检护理中的应用分析

由于人们对自己的健康意识逐渐的增强,自身的健康体检的次数也会随之增加。然而,沟通在整个体检护理的过程中扮演着尤为重要的角色,良好的沟通对加强服务水平有着很大作用。事实证明,医患之间关系的好坏会直接影响到工作的效率,处理好彼此之间的关系会事半功倍。所以,掌握正确的沟通方式,能使体检的程序逐渐优化,降低纠纷发生的几率。本文的内容就是结合健康体检护理的实际过程的具体内容,说明沟通的意义以及相关通用技巧的应用。     

我国临床药师的现状与未来探讨

随着我国医疗体制改革的不断深入进行,我国医院的药师由原来的非临床向临床的方向转变。随着我国经济的不断的发展,人们的生活水平日提高,对于自身健康关注也随之提高,人们对于合理用药的要求也日渐的关注,这使得药师的工作内容发生了重大的变化。这对我国药师的综合素质有了跟高的要求,为提高药师的素质,就必须对我国临床药师的现状进行充分的了解,并对其未来的发展进行相应的探讨。     

一颗心脏的快乐诉说

一颗勤勤恳恳的心脏 我是主人的心脏,住在胸腔的左下方.我的外面包着心包,里面有少量的液体,利于自己的活动;上部有许多与我相通的大血管;两侧与肺脏比邻.我的个头相当于主人的拳头大小,表面有几条深浅不一的沟壑,有为我提供营养的血管走行.我节律性的收缩是血液循环的动力,起着泵的作用.人们将由我挤出的血液称动脉血,其余的为静脉血.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.