直接抗病毒药物抗丙型肝炎病毒治疗改善肝纤维化程度的疗效

目的探讨应用直接抗病毒药物（DAAs）成功清除丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）后慢性丙型肝炎（CHC）患者肝纤维化程度的改善。 方法共纳入111例经DAAs治疗后获得持续病毒学应答（SVR）的CHC患者,比较患者治疗前后白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血小板（PLT）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBil）、血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、肝硬度（LSM）、AST和血小板比率指数（APRI）和Fib-4评分（Fib-4 score）的变化;将患者按应用DAAs治疗前的诊断进行分组,其中慢性肝炎组77例,代偿期肝硬化组13例,失代偿期肝硬化组21例,比较各组患者DAAs治疗前后LSM、APRI和Fib-4评分的变化;采用Logistic二元回归分析性别、基因型、体重指数（BMI）、WBC、PLT、ALT、AST、TBil、APRI和Fib-4评分的基线值对LSM变化值的影响。 结果入组111例患者,WBC、PLT升高,ALT、AST和TBil降低,与治疗前差异均有统计学意义（Z =－3.842、P < 0.001,Z =－3.854、P < 0.001,Z =－8.919、P < 0.001,Z =－8.882、P < 0.001,Z =－4.487、P < 0.001）,而入组111例患者血肌酐（Cr）和血尿素氮（BUN）与治疗前差异均无统计学意义（Z =－0.287、P = 0.774,Z =－0.424、P = 0.671）。111例患者的3种无创肝纤维化指标,即LSM、APRI和Fib-4下降,与治疗前差异均有统计学意义（Z =－6.955、P < 0.001;Z =－8.836、P < 0.001;Z =－6.838、P < 0.001）,其中代偿期肝硬化组、失代偿期肝硬化组患者LSM、APRI和Fib-4下降幅度均较慢性肝炎组显著（LSM：χ² = 13.52、P < 0.001,χ² = 34.00、P < 0.001;APRI：χ² = 10.84、P < 0.001,χ² = 28.38、P < 0.001;Fib-4：χ² = 16.83、P < 0.001,χ² = 29.36、P < 0.001）。代偿期肝硬化组与失代偿期肝硬化组患者LSM、APRI和Fib-4下降幅度差异均无统计学意义（LSM：χ² = 1.08、P = 0.58,Fib-4：χ² = 0.84、P = 0.66,APRI：χ² = 0.09、P = 0.96）。较高ALT基线值[P = 0.045,OR（95%CI）= 0.918（0.844～0.998）]、AST [P = 0.013,OR（95%CI）= 0.862（0.767～0.969）]和APRI基线值[P = 0.032,OR（95%CI）= 0.001（0.000～0.555）]或较低WBC基线值[P = 0.019,OR（95%CI）= 2.508（1.161～5.421）]患者获得SVR后LSM得到显著改善。 结论成功清除CHC患者的HCV可使其肝纤维化显著改善,且肝硬化患者肝纤维化程度改善更为显著。对CHC患者应尽早启动抗病毒治疗,尽早实现SVR可阻滞CHC患者肝脏炎症及肝纤维化进展,从而减少肝硬化失代偿并发症的发生。     

结直肠漏评分系统预测左侧结直肠切除术后吻合口漏的分析北大核心CSCD

目的 评价结直肠漏评分（Colon Leakage Score,CLS）系统对左侧结直肠切除术后吻合口漏的预测价值.方法 以海南省人民医院胃肠外二科接受左侧结直肠切除术的304例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,根据术后是否发生吻合口漏将患者分为有吻合口漏和无吻合口漏两组,应用ROC曲线及Logistic回归评价CLS评分系统对吻合口漏发生的预测价值并确定预测临界值.结果 有吻合口漏组与无吻合口漏组的CLS评分差异有统计学意义（F =68.23,P＜0.001）,ROC曲线下面积为0.965（CI：0.913～1.00）,OR值为2.9（CI：1.59 ～4.83,P＜0.001）,最佳临界值为“11”,预测敏感度和特异度分别为86.4％和87.2％.结论 CLS评分系统对左侧结直肠切除术后吻合口漏的发生具有良好的预测价值,CLS分值“11”可作为划分高低风险的最佳预测临界值.     

实时组织超声弹性成像对肝硬化的应用价值研究

目的探讨实时组织超声弹性成像(Real-time tissue elastog-raphy,RTE)技术和常规超声检查(Routine ultrasonic inspection,RUI)对肝硬化的应用价值。方法选取2014年4月~2016年2月在本院进行入院治疗的肝硬化患者92例作为研究对象,根据其病情严重程度分为早期代偿期肝硬化组71例以及失代偿期肝硬化组21例。以肝组织取活检病理临床诊断结果作为金标准,应用SPSS 21.0统计学软件计算并采用Z检验比较常规超声积分和实时RTE技术诊断代偿期肝硬化、失代偿期肝硬化的ROC曲线下面积。结果将92例确诊的肝硬化患者作为肝硬化组,数据分析结果表明RTE技术诊断肝硬化的ROC曲线下面积(0.971)、敏感度(95.42%)、特异度(93.38%)均显著大于RUI积分诊断(依次为0.846、72.46%、86.61%),具有显著性差异(Z/χ2值依次为2.844、3.127、2.547,P0.05);RTE技术诊断早期代偿期肝硬化的ROC曲线下面积(0.956)、敏感度(94.58%)、特异度(93.07%)均显著大于RUI积分诊断(依次为0.738、51.65%、87.46%),具有显著性差异(Z/χ2值依次为3.639、5.174、2.429,P0.05);RTE技术诊断失代偿期肝硬化的ROC曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度与RUI积分诊断比较均不具有显著性差异。结论与RUI相比较,RTE技术诊断早期代偿期肝硬化具有显著优势,但对失代偿期肝硬化患者进行诊断时效果无明显差异。     

BISAP、APACHE II 和Ranson 评分在预测急性胰腺炎严重程度的比较

目的：比较BISAP、APACHE II、Ranson评分系统对发病早期急性胰腺炎（AP）患者的严重程度及预后的评估价值。 方法：回顾性分析2009年1月1日—2014年3月收治的AP患者（病程≤48 h）临床资料,根据患者入院时第1次BISAP、APACHE II、Ranson评分,比较各评分系统预测AP患者器官功能衰竭、胰腺坏死、死亡的受试工作者特征曲线（ROC）的曲线下面积（AUC）,及其灵敏度和特异度。 结果：按纳入与剔除标准,最终共纳入135例患者,其中24例（17.7%）诊断重症胰腺炎（SAP）（19例器官衰竭诊断,5例死亡）;20例（14.8%）在入院期间诊断胰腺坏死。BISAP、APACHE II和Ranson评分诊断器官功能衰竭的AUC分别为0.773、0.821、0.897（P<0.001）,敏感度与特异度分别为0.880与0.530、0.872与0.642、0.740与0.982;预测胰腺坏死程度的AUC分别为0.819、0.785、0.825（P>0.05）,敏感度与特异度分别为0.715与0.885、0.844与0.630、0.833与0.672;预测死亡的AUC分别为0.773、0.786、0.889（P>0.05）,敏感度与特异度分别为0.740与0.830、0.843与0.752、0.865与0.886。 结论：3种评分系统在预测AP患者胰腺坏死程度与死亡方面价值相似,BISAP在预测AP器官功能衰竭方面不如Ranson与APACHE II,但其评分简单,能够快速评估和动态监测,有利于临床使用。     

血液及超声指标对慢性乙型肝炎早期肝硬化的诊断价值

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者血液及超声指标联合诊断早期肝硬化（S4）的价值。方法选择2002年4月至2011年3月入住沈阳市第六人民医院并进行肝活组织检查（肝活检）的CHB患者631例。收集患者的血液和超声检查结果,利用Logistic回归分析等方法筛选出与早期肝硬化独立相关的指标并建立诊断模型。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUROC）评价本模型与FIB4指数、天冬氨酸转氨酶与血小板比值（APRI）指数和s指数诊断早期肝硬化的价值。结果回归分析提示,年龄、血小板（PLT）、白蛋白／球蛋白（A／G）以及脾脏面积（SPS）是与早期肝硬化相关的独立因素（Wald=10056,46．236,3．75l和10．669,P〈0．01）。由这四项指标构成的模型预测早期肝硬化的AUROC达0．908,诊断价值优于FIB-4指数、APRI指数和s指数（Z=8．322,4．334和4．087,P〈0．05）。取0．063为诊断的临界值,本模型预测s4的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为90．1％,77．8％,50．0％和97．1％。以〈0．060和≥0．110作为除外和诊断的界值,可使69．7％（440／631）的患者免于肝活检。结论由年龄、PLT、A／G、SPS四项指标建立的模型可有效预测早期肝硬化,并可使部分患者免于肝活检。     

乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化患者肠道菌群特征

目的观察乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化患者肠道菌群特征。 方法收集首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的符合入排标准的乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化患者及健康者粪便标本共82例，其中乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化且不合并其他感染者41例和健康对照者41例。所有标本均进行细菌16S rDNA高通量测序，并用Qiime软件、R软件以及LEfSe软件分析菌群构成、丰度和差异性等特征，同时分析两组研究对象肝硬化生态失调比值的差异。 结果乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化组患者粪便菌群丰度及多样性较健康对照组显著降低，Weighted Unifrac的Beta多样性分析显示两组研究对象肠道菌群结构差异有统计学意义（P = 0.004）。门水平方面，乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化组患者厚壁菌门丰度较健康对照组显著降低（Z =－2.57、P = 0.045）。属水平方面，乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化患者组链球菌属、梭杆菌属、韦荣球菌属和嗜血杆菌属丰度较健康对照组显著增加（P均< 0.05）；毛螺菌属、Dorea、Dialister、Subdoligranulum丰度较健康对照组显著降低（P均< 0.05）。使用LEfSe软件比较两组人群菌群差异及其功能，发现两组间具有显著差异的菌群生物学指标有乳杆菌目、梭菌目毛螺菌科及瘤胃菌科（LDA > 4）。 结论乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化且不合并感染者的肠道菌群多样性显著降低、厚壁菌门相对丰度显著降低，存在显著的肠道菌群失衡，但菌群失衡程度较轻，涉及显著变化的菌属较少。     

阿德福韦酯治疗拉米夫定耐药的乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化临床观察

目的观察阿德福韦酯对拉米夫定治疗过程中出现YMDD变异的乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化的疗效和安全性。方法将60例在拉米夫定治疗过程中出现YMDD变异的乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化患者随机分为治疗组（30例）和对照组（30例）,两组均在保肝、利胆等常规内科综合治疗基础上继续接受拉米夫定100mg／d口服治疗,治疗组在上述基础上联合阿德福韦酯10mg／d口服,疗程为15个月。结果对照组1例出现肝细胞癌死亡,3例因并发上消化道大出血死亡,1例因并发肺部真菌感染而给予抗真菌治疗后导致肝功能衰竭死亡,1例因合并腹腔感染未能很好控制导致肝功能衰竭死亡。治疗15个月时结果显示,治疗组肝功能恢复情况及HBVDNA低于检测下限的比率均优于对照组（P〈0．01）,治疗组病死率为O％,对照组为23．3％。结论阿德福韦酯治疗YMDD变异的乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化患者有良好的疗效和安全性,能提高患者生存质量,改善预后。     

核苷（酸）类似物对失代偿性乙型肝炎肝硬化长期预后的影响

目的评价核苷（酸）类似物对失代偿性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者长期预后的影响。方法选取53例失代偿性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,在常规护肝、对症治疗的同时,每天口服拉米夫定（100mg/d）、阿德福韦酯（10mg／d）或恩替卡韦（0．5mg／d）。另选取同时期仅行常规护肝、对症治疗的41例失代偿性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者为对照组。发生肝癌、肝移植、死亡或拒绝继续治疗者停止随访。随访结束时分析比较2组治疗前后血清肝功能指标和Child—Push分级的变化及临床结局。结果治疗组ALT、AST、球蛋白（Glb）和TBil均较治疗前下降,Alb及胆碱酯酶（CHE）较治疗前升高,43例（81．1％）患者的Child-Pugh分级下降。对照组治疗前后ALT、AST、Glb和TBil变化差异无统计学意义,但CHE较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（t=5．225,P〈0．01）。2组Child-Pugh分级变化差异有统计学意义（x^2=52.16,P〈0．01）,治疗组明显好于对照组。治疗组与对照组发生肝癌比例分别为0．0％和19．5％,差异有统计学意义（x^2=23．07,P〈0．01）,但在病死率及需要接受肝移植的比例方面2组的差异不明显。结论核苷（酸）类似物长期治疗失代偿性乙型肝炎肝硬化可以改善患者肝功能状况,改善患者的预后,并有可能降低肝癌的发生机会。     

应用吲哚青绿试验与血栓弹力图替代去唾液酸糖蛋白受体分析定量评估肝储备功能

目的：应用吲哚青绿实验与血栓弹力图检测指标,替代肝细胞表面去唾液酸糖蛋白受体分析,建立肝储备功能定量评估系统,并与Child-Pugh评分进行比较,了解其在肝切除术患者肝储备功能评估中的临床应用价值。方法对2012年1月1日至12月31日于本科室行肝部分切除术肝占位病变的患者共55例,测量PHCASGPR＋、ICGR15、EHBF、R值与K值,建立以PHCASGPR＋为因变量（Y）, ICGR15、EHBF、R值与K值为自变量（Xn）的肝储备功能定量评估系统,与Child-Pugh评分进行比较,了解两种方法预测术后肝功能代偿情况的准确率。结果 Child-Pugh预测术后肝功能代偿良好准确率为56.67%,Y值预测术后肝功能代偿良好准确率为84.62%（χ2=5.374,P =0.020）;Child-Pugh预测术后肝功能代偿不全准确率为76.00%,Y值预测术后肝功能代偿不全准确率为96.55%（χ2=5.400,P =0.020）。结论建立的肝储备功能定量评估系统能够更全面评价肝切除患者围手术期肝储备功能。     

磁共振波谱成像Cho峰值与彩色多普勒超声血流评分在乳腺癌的临床应用

目的分析磁共振波谱成像Cho峰值与彩色多普勒超声血流评分在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用,并评估Cho峰值与血流评分与TNM分期及预后质量关系。方法选择2015年1月至2019年12月间山东省烟台市烟台山医院收治的82例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,对受试者行磁共振波谱成像及彩色多普勒超声检查;使用ROC曲线比较单用或联用时彩色多普勒血流评分、磁共振功能成像对乳腺癌的确诊率,采用logistics回归模型分析影响患者预后质量及TNM分期因素。结果乳腺癌组患者Cho值及血流信号评分均明显高于良性乳腺病变组,差异有统计学意义(Cho值:t=43.977,P<0.001;血流信号评分:t=22.071,P<0.001)。采用磁共振波谱成像(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)联合多普勒超声检查对乳腺癌确诊的敏感度、特异度及AUC均明显高于MRS或多普勒超声单独应用,差异有统计学意义(敏感度:χ2=4.514,P=0.016;特异度:χ2=4.858,P=0.013;AUC:Z=5.251,P<0.001)。预后良好组患者Cho值(t=3.984,P<0.001)及血流信号评分(t=4.213,P<0.001)均明显低于预后不良组。TNM分期0~Ⅱ期患者Cho值(t=3.612,P<0.001)及血流信号评分(t=3.835,P<0.001)均明显低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期组,差异有统计学意义。MRS扫描检查的Cho值与患者预后质量(OR=1.837,95%CI=1.210~2.788,P=0.004)及TNM分期(OR=1.818,95%CI=1.224~2.702,P=0.003)呈显著正相关;血流信号与患者预后质量(OR=1.906,95%CI=1.105~3.287,P=0.020)及TNM分期(OR=1.799,95%CI=1.232~2.626,P=0.002)也呈显著正相关。结论磁共振波谱成像Cho峰值与彩色多普勒超声血流评分联合应用可显著提高乳腺癌的早期诊断效能,且Cho峰值与血流评分是影响患者TNM分期及预后的独立性影响因素。     

A longitudinal assessment of non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose and predict cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease

Background & AimsA practical, inexpensive, and non-invasive biomarker of liver fibrosis is needed as a reliable screening test for cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD). Studies have shown the utility of AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as good biomarkers for identifying CFLD. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of APRI, FIB-4, AST/ALT ratio, platelet count, GGT, and GGT platelet ratio (GPR) in predicting CFLD development.MethodsData was collected from CF Foundation Patient Registry for patients aged 3–21 years at Johns Hopkins from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2014. Collected data included demographic characteristics, presence of splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, ascites, and variceal bleeding, AST, ALT, GGT, platelet count, and FEV₁. The sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker were analyzed and reported by the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.ResultsBy the end of the study, 144 “healthy” CF, 12 CFLD, 19 CF-associated pulmonary disease (CFPD), and 4 CFLD with CFPD cases were identified. APRI scores were higher in CFLD, 0.85 versus 0.28 in “healthy” CF and 0.23 in CFPD groups (p<0.001). GPR had the highest AUROC curve at 0.91.ConclusionsGPR, GGT, APRI score, and platelet count were potentially useful biomarkers while FIB-4 did not predict CFLD development. Cost-effectiveness studies are needed to analyze the utility of these biomarkers in clinical practice.     

Supersonic shear-wave elastography and APRI for the detection and staging of liver disease in pediatric cystic fibrosis

BackgroundCurrent diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated liver disease (CFLD) are non-specific and assessment of disease progression is difficult prior to the advent of advanced disease with portal hypertension. This study investigated the potential of Supersonic shear-wave elastography (SSWE) to non-invasively detect CFLD and assess hepatic fibrosis severity in children with CF.Methods125 children were enrolled in this study including CFLD (n = 55), CF patients with no evidence of liver disease (CFnoLD = 41) and controls (n = 29). CFLD was diagnosed using clinical, biochemical and imaging best-practice guidelines. Advanced CFLD was established by the presence of portal hypertension and/or macronodular cirrhosis on ultrasound. Liver stiffness measurements (LSM) were acquired using SSWE and diagnostic performance for CFLD detection was evaluated alone or combined with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI).ResultsLSM was significantly higher in CFLD (8.1 kPa, IQR = 6.7–11.9) versus CFnoLD (6.2 kPa, IQR = 5.6–7.0; P < 0.0001) and Controls (5.3 kPa, IQR = 4.9–5.8; P < 0.0001). LSM was also increased in CFnoLD versus Controls (P = 0.0192). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for LSM in detecting CFLD using a cut-off = 6.85 kPa with an AUC = 0.79 (Sensitivity = 75%, Specificity = 71%, P < 0.0001). APRI also discriminated CFLD (AUC = 0.74, P = 0.004). Classification and regression tree modelling combining LSM + APRI showed 14.8 times greater odds of accurately predicting CFLD (AUC = 0.84). The diagnostic accuracy of SSWE for discriminating advanced disease was excellent with a cut-off = 9.05 kPa (AUC = 0.95; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsSSWE-determined LSM shows good diagnostic accuracy in detecting CFLD in children, which was improved when combined with APRI. SSWE alone discriminates advanced CFLD.     

Validation of the geriatric trauma outcome scores in predicting outcomes of elderly trauma patients

BackgroundUsing three patient characteristics, including age, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and transfusion within 24 h of admission (yes vs. no), the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) and Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score II (GTOS II) have been developed to predict mortality and unfavourable discharge (to a nursing home or hospice facility), of those who were ≥65 years old, respectively.ObjectivesThis study aimed to validate the GTOS and GTOS II models. For the nested-cohort requiring intensive care, we compared the GTOS scores with two ICU prognostic scores – the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III and Australian and New Zealand Risk of Death (ANZROD).MethodsAll elderly trauma patients admitted to the State Trauma Unit between 2009 and 2019 were included. The discrimination ability and calibration of the GTOS and GTOS II scores were assessed by the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (AUROC) curve and a calibration plot, respectively.ResultsOf the 57,473 trauma admissions during the study period, 15,034 (26.2%) were ≥65 years-old. The median age and ISS of the cohort were 80 (interquartile range [IQR] 72–87) and 6 (IQR 2–9), respectively; and the average observed mortality was 4.3%. The ability of the GTOS to predict mortality was good (AUROC 0.838, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.821–0.855), and better than either age (AUROC 0.603, 95%CI 0.581–0.624) or ISS (AUROC 0.799, 95%CI 0.779–0.819) alone. The GTOS II's ability to predict unfavourable discharge was satisfactory (AUROC 0.707, 95%CI 0.696–0.719) but no better than age alone. Both GTOS and GTOS II scores over-estimated risks of the adverse outcome when the predicted risks were high. The GTOS score (AUROC 0.683, 95%CI 0.591–0.775) was also inferior to the APACHE III (AUROC 0.783, 95%CI 0.699–0.867) or ANZROD (AUROC 0.788, 95%CI 0.705–0.870) in predicting mortality for those requiring intensive care.ConclusionsThe GTOS scores had a good ability to discriminate between survivors and non-survivors in the elderly trauma patients, but GTOS II scores were no better than age alone in predicting unfavourable discharge. Both GTOS and GTOS II scores were not well-calibrated when the predicted risks of adverse outcome were high.     

Model for liver hardness using two-dimensional shear wave elastography,durometer, and preoperative biomarkers

BACKGROUND Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) increases morbidity and mortality after liver resection for patients with advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Preoperative liver stiffness using two-dimensional shear wave elastography(2 D-SWE) is widely used to evaluate the degree of fibrosis. However, the 2 D-SWE results were not accurate. A durometer measures hardness by quantifying the ability of a material to locally resist the intrusion of hard objects into its surface. However, the durometer score can only be obtained during surgery.AIM To measure correlations among 2 D-SWE, palpation by surgeons, and durometermeasured objective liver hardness and to construct a liver hardness regression model.METHODS We enrolled 74 hepatectomy patients with liver hardness in a derivation cohort. Tactile-based liver hardness scores(0-100) were determined through palpation of the liver tissue by surgeons. Additionally, liver hardness was measured using a durometer. Correlation coefficients for durometer-measured hardness and preoperative parameters were calculated. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to select the best predictive durometer scale. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate the best model's prediction of PHLF and risk factors for PHLF, respectively. A separate validation cohort(n = 162) was used to evaluate the model.RESULTS The stiffness measured using 2 D-SWE and palpation scale had good linear correlation with durometer-measured hardness(Pearson rank correlation coefficient 0.704 and 0.729, respectively, P 0.001). The best model for the durometer scale(hardness scale model) was based on stiffness, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and albumin level and had an R2 value of 0.580. The area under the ROC for the durometer and hardness scale for PHLF prediction were 0.807(P = 0.002) and 0.785(P = 0.005), respectively. The optimal cutoff value of the durometer and hardness scale was 27.38(sensitivity = 0.900, specificity = 0.660) and 27.87(sensitivity = 0.700, specificity = 0.787), respectively. Patients with a hardness scale score of 27.87 were at a significantly higher risk of PHLF with hazard ratios of 7.835(P = 0.015). The model's PHLF predictive ability was confirmed in the validation cohort.CONCLUSION Liver stiffness assessed by 2 D-SWE and palpation correlated well with durometer hardness values. The multiple linear regression model predicted durometer hardness values and PHLF.     

Noninvasive tests for evaluation of fibrosis in HCV recurrence after liver transplantation: a systematic review

Noninvasive tests (NIT) for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis have not been evaluated extensively in liver transplantation. We systematically reviewed the literature regarding NIT after liver transplantation. We identified 14 studies evaluating NIT based on serum markers and/or liver imaging techniques: 10 studies assessed NIT in recipients with recurrent HCV infection for fibrosis and four studies evaluated predictors of progression of fibrosis in recurrent HCV. Transient Elastography (TE) had good discrimination for significant fibrosis (median AUROC: 0.88). Among the serum NIT, APRI had good performance (median AUROC: 0.75). TE performed better than serum (direct and indirect) NIT for significant fibrosis with median AUROC 0.88 (vs. 0.66, P < 0.001), median sensitivity 0.86 (vs. 0.56, P = 0.002), median NPV 0.90 (vs. 0.74, P = 0.05) and median PPV 0.80 (vs. 0.63, P = 0.02). TE compared to indirect serum NIT, had better performance, but was not superior to APRI score. Finally, direct, compared to indirect NIT, were not significantly different except for specificity: median: 0.83 vs. 0.69, respectively, P = 0.04. In conclusion, NIT could become an important tool in clinical management of liver transplant recipients, but whether they can improve clinical practice needs further evidence. Their optimal combination with liver biopsy and assessment of collagen content requires investigation.     

四种评分系统对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化的预测价值

目的探讨S指数和FIB-4两种新型非创伤性评分系统对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝纤维化程度的预测价值,并比较其与传统评分系统APRI和Forns之间的差异。方法收集2006年1月-2011年12月南京医科大学附属第一医院和复旦大学附属华山医院361例CHB确诊患者的临床、实验室检查及病理资料等。根据公式分别计算APRI、Forns、S指数和FIB4,以肝组织病理学检查作对照,根据受试者T作特征曲线（AUROCs）分别评价四种评分系统对肝纤维化的诊断价值。采用曲线下面积Z检验评价四种评分系统的效率。结果APRI、Forns、S指数以及FIB-4诊断显著肝纤维化（≥S2）的AUC曲线下面积分别为（0．737±0．027）、（0．716±0．028）、（0．745±0．026）和（0．781±0．025）,其中FIB4指数以1．62为界值,诊断显著纤维化的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）分别为59．3％、85．8％、89．4％和51．2％,优于Forns指数（Z=3．28,P=0．001）;而对S4（肝硬化）的AUC曲线下面积分别为（0．687±0．035）、（0．792±0．028）、（0．863±0．024）和（0．832±0．025）,其中S指数以1．06为界值,诊断肝硬化的灵敏度、特异性、PPV和NPV分别为77．9％、85．5％、59．4％和93．5％,诊断效率优于APRI和Forns（Z=6．74和3．21,P〈0．01）。结论四种评分系统在临床应用中均简单易行,预测结果相对可靠,其中nB4和s指数对显著纤维化及肝硬化的预测效果优于APRI和Forns评分,在一定程度上可替代肝组织活检。     

终末期肝病模型评分及MELD-Na评分评估肝衰竭肝移植短期预后的对比观察

目的探讨终末期肝病模型（model for end-stage liver disease, MELD）评分与MELD-Na评分对肝衰竭患者行肝移植短期预后（3个月）的临床价值。 方法收集从2012年1月至2019年12月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院因肝衰竭行肝移植的86例患者的术前及术中临床资料。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价MELD和MELD-Na评分对短期预后的鉴别能力并根据Youden指数确定最佳的cut-off值。 结果86例患者中早期死亡21例（24.4%）。术前MELD评分（P=0.001）和术中输血量（P<0.001）是肝衰竭行肝移植患者早期死亡的独立危险因素。MELD和MELD-Na评分预测肝移植术后早期死亡的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.696和0.686，差异无统计学意义（P=0.677）。MELD≥24.3组、MELD<24.3组的早期生存率分别为51.7%（15/29）和87.7%（50/57），MELD-Na≥25.7组、MELD<25.7组的早期生存率分别为54.9%（17/31）和87.3%（48/55），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001），MELD评分与MELD-Na评分升高时，早期生存率降低。 结论在预测肝衰竭行肝移植患者早期预后方面，MELD评分与MELD-Na评分预测能力无明显差异。MELD评分与术中输血量是患者早期死亡的独立危险因素。     

超声检查对腹腔镜胆囊切除术难度的预测价值

目的:评价术前超声检查对预测慢性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)难度的应用价值.方法:793例患者因慢性胆囊炎行LC,术前超声检查对胆囊轮廓、胆囊颈部、囊壁厚度、囊壁回声、囊内回声情况进行综合分析,评估胆囊周围、Calot三角区的粘连程度,并与手术病理进行对...