野生与栽培地骨皮中的重金属含量测定

目的考察野生与栽培地骨皮中重金属含量情况。方法收集不同产地野生与栽培地骨皮,采用微波消解法处理样品,以原子吸收光谱法测定样品中的铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量。结果测定24批不同产地野生与栽培地骨皮样品中的铅、镉、砷、汞、铜含量,平均加样回收率在94.17%～96.11%之间。所有栽培地骨皮样品的铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量均未超出限量范围。结论在选择栽培地骨皮种植区域时,应注意当地的生态环境和土壤质量影响,以保证其质量。     

不同产地山楂叶药材重金属含量测定及分析

目的:建立山楂叶药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜5种重金属含量测定方法,并分析不同产地山楂叶药材重金属的分布情况.方法:采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对不同产地山楂叶中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜5种重金属进行含量测定,并运用统计学方法对结果进行聚类分析.结果:建立的ICP-MS测定方法精密度、重复性、稳定性RSD 均小于3...     

佩兰的重金属含量研究

本研究采用原子吸收分光光度法测定不同产地佩兰药材的铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)5种重金属的含量,旨在了解市售佩兰药材的重金属含量情况,为佩兰药材的质量控制提供参考。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定骨碎补药材中的重金属

目的建立原子吸收分光光度法,测定骨碎补药材中的铅、镉、砷、汞、铜重金属含量。方法以原子吸收分光光度法在324.8 nm波长处检测铜含量,在283.3 nm波长处检测铅含量,在228.8 nm波长处检测镉含量;另采用原子荧光光谱法测定砷、汞的含量。结果 10批骨碎补药材中的重金属含量,铜为2.687 5～8.521 7 mg/kg,镉为0.200 6～0.270 8 mg/kg,铅为0.250 4～1.000 mg/kg,汞为0.003 4～0.029 4 mg/kg,砷0.006 6～0.053 3 mg/kg。结论 10批骨碎补样品中重金属含量均符合2005年版《中国药典(一部)》和香港《中成药注册申请手册》中有关重金属标准的规定。     

原子吸收光谱法测定小活络丸中重金属的含量

目的:测定34家企业生产的小活络丸中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量。方法:采用微波消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉、砷的含量;氢化物原子吸收分光光度法测定汞的含量;空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定铜的含量。结果:34家企业生产的小活络丸中,铅、镉、砷、汞均有不同程度的超出规定限度。结论:该方法简单、准确,可用于小活络丸中重金属的含量测定。     

原子吸收法及原子荧光法测定血余炭中5种重金属及有害元素的含量

目的建立血余炭中5种重金属及有害元素（铅、镉、砷、汞、铜）的测定方法,同时测定了12份血余炭中5种重金属及有害元素（铅、镉、砷、汞、铜）的含量。方法样品经微波消解,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅、镉,采用火焰原子吸收法测定铜,采用原子荧光法测定砷、汞。结果 5种重金属及有害元素的回收率为90.8%～101.9%,相对标准偏差为3.4%～6.4%。结论所测12份血余炭中5种重金属及有害元素含量多数超出药典规定的6种中药材的限量要求。     

林州太行山不同地块丹参药材中重金属含量比较研究

目的比较林州太行山不同地块、不同生产年限丹参药材中重金属铅、镉、砷、汞和铜的含量,对不同地块丹参药材重金属污染情况进行初步分析。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法测定林州太行山丹参药材中重金属含量,其中石墨炉法测定铅元素、镉元素含量,氢化物法测定砷元素含量,冷蒸气吸收法测定汞元素含量,火焰原子吸收法测定铜元素含量。结果林州太行山不同地块丹参药材中重金属铅、镉、砷、汞和铜的含量均低于标准规定值,符合规定。结论通过对林州太行山不同地块及不同生产年限丹参药材中重金属进行的含量测定,对丹参药材重金属污染情况进行了初步分析,为评价林州太行山丹参质量优劣提供了依据。     

不同产地丹参药材的重金属含量比较研究

目的 比较不同产地丹参药材中重金属铅、镉、砷、汞和钢的含量.方法 采用原子吸收分光光度法测定丹参药材中铅、镉、钢的含量,原子荧充分光光度法测定丹参药材中砷、汞的含量.结果 丹参药材中重金属含量以安徽产地的稍高,线性范围内,各元素的平均加样回收率90%～110%.结论 丹参药材的重金属含量与产地土质结构关来较大,省区产地...     

不同商品来源云南黄连中重金属含量的测定与评价

目的测定并比较不同商品来源云南黄连中重金属残留量的含量。方法采用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉、铜、砷、汞5种重金属的含量。结果样品中铅、镉、铜、砷、汞含量差异较大,各元素残留量波动范围较大,但均未超过国家及行业标准的重金属限量值。结论该方法准确、精密度高,可为该品种制订重金属限量标准和合理用药提供科学依据。     

不同产地板蓝根中重金属元素的含量测定及分析

目的 测定25批不同产地的板蓝根药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量。方法 通过微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法测定25批板蓝根药材中铅、镉、砷、汞和铜的含量,并运用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行聚类分析。结果 25批板蓝根药材中,镉、砷、汞均有不同程度的超出规定限度,铅和铜均符合现行标准。结论 该方法分析了不同产地板蓝根中重金属含量差异特点及超标的可能原因,为板蓝根药材的规范化种植,安全评价及重金属含量标准制定提供一定依据。     

Susceptibility of Mycobacterium ulcerans to a combination of amikacin/rifampicin

The effectiveness of rifampicin (RIF), amikacin (AMK) and their combination were estimated in the treatment of mice experimentally infected by Mycobacterium ulcerans and the risk of relapse after the treatment was evaluated. After 7 weeks of treatment with RIF or with the combination of AMK/RIF and 8 weeks with AMK alone, no viable bacilli were found in the infected tissues and these remained uninfected during the following 6 months. Among the mice treated with AMK alone, three mice relapsed, but the minimal inhibitory concentration of AMK for these isolates remained unchanged. With RIF alone, two mice relapsed and the minimal inhibitory concentration of these isolated strains was higher. However, with all the mice treated with both RIF and AMK, no relapse was observed.     

Combined action of cephamycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics

The combined actions of cefoxitin (CFX) with amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GM) and dibekacin (DKB) were studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The following results were obtained. The synergistic actions of CFX with AMK, GM and DKB were observed on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp. and Acinetobacter by checker board titration method. The combination of CFX with AMK was most effective. In case of the combination of CFX with AMK, the simultaneous administration showed the highest bactericidal effect, followed by the case of addition of AMK after adding CFX. The phase-contrast microscopic observation on S. marcescens revealed that the bacterial cell prolonged with CFX showed a filament-like form and with AMK almost a normal form. In the combination, lysed cells were observed. The therapeutic experiment of S. marcescens infection in mice demonstrated that the combination of CFX with AMK showed superior effect than that of each drug alone.     

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on amikacin in neonates

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on amikacin (AMK) were performed in neonates and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. After intramuscular injection of single doses of AMK at 3 mg/kg, peak serum levels were 6.8 micrograms/ml in a 2-day-old neonate and 7.0 micrograms/ml in a 20-day-old neonate. Serum levels of AMK in the above 2 neonates at 8 hours after injection were 1.5 micrograms/ml and 1.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the half-life of AMK was 3.3 hours. After intramuscular injection of single doses of 4 mg/kg of AMK, the mean peak serum level was 8.1 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml, and half-lives of AMK were 6.1 hours in a 1-day-old neonate and 4.0 hours in a 3-day-old neonate. The mean peak serum level of AMK reached at 1 hour after intramuscular administrations at single dose of 6 mg/kg was 10.5 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml in a 3-day and a 4-day-old neonates. Serum levels at 8 hours after administrations were 3.1 micrograms/ml and 2.8 micrograms/ml, in the 3-day and the 4-day-old neonates, respectively. Half-lives of AMK in sera were 3.9 hours in the 3-day-old neonate and 3.5 hours in the 4-day-old neonate. 2. In three 2-day-old neonates, the mean peak serum level of AMK after an intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes at single dose of 3 mg/kg was 10.0 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and serum levels decreased to 2.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at 6.5 hours after infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

头孢唑林对阿米卡星在兔体内的药动学影响

采用微量微生物法对阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）单用及与头孢唑林（ＣＥＺ）合用后兔体内ＡＭＫ血药浓度进行测定,药时数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ软件经ＩＢＭ 计算机处理,并对两组药动学参数进行了统计学处理,结果表明ＣＥＺ对ＡＭＫ的药动学有显著的影响。     

Isepamicin与六种氨基糖苷类体外抗菌活性研究

本文比较fsepamicin(ISP)、庆大霉素(GM)、地贝卡星(DKB)、乙基西索米星(NTL)、妥布霉素(TOB)、西索米星(SISO)与阿米卡星(AMK)的体外抗菌活性。金葡菌产酶株对上述抗生素的敏感性显较不产酶株为差,以ISP、NTL对金葡菌产酶株的作用最强。其平均MIC值分别为1.85和2.12mg/L;对革兰氏阴性杆菌的作用则以ISP和AMK为强。以ISP对各种细菌的MIC值最低0.32～3.39mg/L。TOB、GM、SISO、NTL与DKB对多数革兰氏阴性杆菌的作用相似,五者之间有很大程度交叉耐药。所测611株革兰氏阴性杆菌中对一种以上药物耐药者312株,占51％;其中对ISP和AMK仍敏感者分别为90.4％和91.7％,而对NTl、GM、TOB、DKB敏感者仅15～18％,本文讨论了细菌对氨基糖苷类的耐药机理及其临床意义。     

替加环素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星三联对耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌效果观察

目的：探讨替加环素（TGC）、环丙沙星（CIP）、阿米卡星（AMK）三联抑制耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的效果。方法：选取2017年1月－12月河南省新乡市中心医院收集的80株CRAB菌株用于实验，棋盘稀释法测定替加环素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星联合对CRAB的最低抑菌浓度（MIC），计算部分抑菌浓度指数（FICI）和分级生物膜清除浓度指数（FECI）。结果：（1）TGC单用时MIC₅₀、MIC₉₀均高于联用时，敏感率均低于联用时；AMK单用时MIC₅₀、MIC₉₀均高于联用时，敏感率均低于联用时；CIP单用时，MIC₅₀均高于联用时，MIC₉₀与TGC、CIP联用相同，但高于三联用药时；CIP单用时敏感率与TGC、CIP联用相同，但低于三联用药时；（2）协同抑菌率较高的是TGC+AMK+CIP三联，其次是TGC+AMK，TGC+CIP表现为不相关；全部联合组合未发现拮抗现象；（3）TGC+AMK、TGC+CIP、TGC+AMK+CIP方案FECI≤0.5比例分别为7.50%、31.25%、32.50%，三联方案最高；TGC+AMK、TGC+CIP、TGC+AMK+CIP均具有生物膜清除协同效应，TGC+CIP、TGC+AMK+CIP未发现拮抗现象。结论：TGC、AMK、CIP三联较两联、单独用药对CRAB抑菌效果及生物膜清除均更有优势。     

氨苄青霉素对丁胺卡那霉素药动学的影响

本文采用微量微生物法对ＡＭＫ单用及ＡＭＫ与ＡＭＰ合用后，兔体内ＡＭＫ血、尿药浓度进行测定；药时数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ软件经ＩＢＭ计算机处理，并对两组药动学参数进行了统计学处理。结果表明ＡＭＰ对ＡＭＫ的药动学有显著的影响。     

NONMEM法分析临床病人静脉输注阿米卡星的群体药代动力学

收集52例呼吸科感染病人静脉输注阿米卡星(amikacin,AMK)的临床数据,用荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)测定临床病人AMK的血清浓度275点,按二房室开放模型,用NONMEM程序一步估算出AMK的群体药代动力学参数,并定量地分析病人的体重、肌酐清除率、长期用药和病理状况(慢性阻塞性肺病,COPD)等固定效应对药代动力学参数的影响。经统计分析病人的肌酐清除率和COPD对AMK的药代动力学参数的影响有显著意义,而体重对表观分布容积Vc的影响无显著意义。由最终回归模型估算出AMK的群体药代动力学参数。     

健康者体内头孢唑林对阿米卡星药动学的影响

采用微量微生物法对阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）单用及ＡＭＫ与头孢唑林（ＣＥＺ）合用后,健康者体内ＡＭＫ血药浓度进行测定;药时数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ软件经ＩＢＭ计算机处理,并对两组药动学参数进行了统计学处理,结果表明ＣＥＺ对ＡＭＫ的药动学有显著的影响。     

The combined effects of aspoxicillin with aminoglycoside antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Combined actions of aspoxicillin (ASPC) with several aminoglycosides (AGs) against various Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were examined using the checker board method and experimental infection of mice, and the actions were compared with those of piperacillin (PIPC) and mezlocillin (MZPC). 1. The combination of ASPC with gentamicin, amikacin (AMK) or tobramycin showed synergistic activities against 81.9-95.5% of the test strains. These frequencies were higher than those of reference penicillins (PCs). Mean values of FIC index for combinations between ASPC and AGs were smaller than 0.5, thus, the combinations showed the strongest synergism among the PCs tested. 2. ASPC combined with AGs showed synergistic actions on experimental mouse infections caused by strains of P. aeruginosa. The potency of ASPC was the same as that of PIPC, but MZPC had a weaker activity than ASPC or PIPC. 3. Schedule of administration of ASPC and AMK was examined using experimental infection in mice caused by P. aeruginosa. When AMK was administered first, a synergism was clearly observed when ASPC was administered within 1 hour of the AMK administration. When ASPC was administered first, a synergism was observed when AMK was administered within 4 hours of the ASPC administration. 4. Influences of AMK and ASPC or reference PCs on growth of P. aeruginosa 22 were examined at lower concentrations than MIC. AMK showed a bacteriostatic action on the test strain at 1/4 MIC. But no influence was observed at lower concentrations than 1/4 MIC of AMK. ASPC and reference PCs showed slight effects on growth of the test strain at concentrations of 1/32 MIC of PIPC, 1/128 MIC of MZPC and 1/256 MIC of ASPC. The PCs showed bactericidal action against the test strain at these concentrations when combined with 1/4 MIC of AMK.