深圳市主要行业职业性噪声危害状况的调查

目的了解深圳市企业生产性噪声的危害状况,为保护劳动者身体健康提供科学依据。方法对深圳市存在噪声危害的86家企业进行横断面流行病学调查,对作业场所中897个噪声作业点的生产性噪声强度进行检测,并对1625名噪声接触者和325名对照人群进行职业健康检查。结果噪声防护措施未能完全落实,作业点噪声强度检测合格率较低（59．2％）,职业健康检查观察组高频听力损伤、神经衰弱、语频听损的检出率均高于对照组,2组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,其中噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为32．9％,语频听力损失率为3．3％,且检出率随着接触时间增加而增加。结论深圳市企业生产性噪声分布广,强度大,预防、控制生产性噪声危害与提高职业性听力损伤的防治水平是深圳市当前和今后职业卫生工作的重点。     

南通市船舶行业噪声作业工人听力损伤状况调查

目的了解船舶行业噪声作业工人的听力损伤状况,为企业开展噪声危害控制提供依据。方法以南通市某船舶公司2010-2012年2336名噪声作业工人为调查对象,采用趋势卡方检验分析不同噪声强度和工龄下听力损伤情况,用非条件logistic回归模型进一步分析剔除其他因素后的作用。结果船舶作业环境噪声强度超标率为69．08％。2336名噪声作业工人听力损伤检出率为26．88％,高频和语频听力损伤检出率分别为24．87％,8．86％。趋势卡方检验结果显示,高频和语频听力损伤检出率随着工龄和累积噪声暴露量的增加而增加,语频听力损失检出率在2010-2012年问呈下降趋势。非条件logistic回归分析显示,2012年语频损失检出率占2010年的0．45。结论船舶行业的噪声强度较大,应进一步控制生产环境噪声强度,同时继续做好作业人员个体防护及职业健康检查,争取进一步降低高频听力损伤率,从而达到语频听力损伤率的持续降低。     

某卷烟厂噪声接触工人听力状况的追踪研究

了解卷烟厂噪声接触工人的听力状况,更好地对卷烟厂噪声作业工人进行健康监护,为制定针对性的管理对策和措施提供依据.选择成都市某卷烟厂2012-2016年连续5 a的纯音听阚测试结果完整的361人为观察组,108人未接触该职业危害因素的工人作为对照组,经多因素logistics回归分析.结果 显示,卷包车间噪声超标率连续4a分别为87.9％、85.3％、88.1％、55.3％,均高于其他车间,噪声作业工人高频听力损失与噪声暴露、工龄、卷包车间及卷包机操作岗位相关(P＜0.05).噪声作业引起听力损伤的早期改变是高频听力损失,且在低噪声强度环境都有改变.提示,应将高频听力损失纳入噪声作业职业禁忌证,早期保护劳动者听力健康.     

噪声性听力损伤女工心电图改变的分析

噪声是一种以引起接触者听神经损害为主 ,并累及全身各系统的职业危害因素 ,目前针对职业噪声致高频听力损伤和语频听力损伤的研究较多 ,但对听力损伤职工心血管受损情况研究较少 ,为了解听力损伤职工的心血管系统受损情况 ,特进行本研究。1　对象和方法1 1　对象1 1 1　观察组　选择接触 90～ 10 0ｄＢ(Ａ)纺织噪声的女工 ,按测听规范采用丹麦产ＤＡ65型电测听力机在 1997～ 1999年间在本站检出的高频听力损伤和语频听力损伤女工 5 99名 ,年龄 18～ 5 0周岁 ,平均为 (3 1 4± 5 17)岁 ,工龄 2 5～ 2 5年 ,平均 (8 3 5± 3 15 )年 ,观察…     

某化工企业噪声作业工人听力损伤调查研究

目的了解噪声作业工人听力损伤情况动态变化,为控制和消除职业性听力损伤的防护措施提供依据。方法抽取某化工企业所有接触噪声的工人2011-2015年职业健康检查报告与相应岗位的噪声检测与评价报告,进行对比分析。结果噪声作业岗位超标检出率为13.2%,听力异常检出率为3.1%,主要为高频听力损伤,噪声防护设施配备率占67.8%,防噪耳塞佩戴率为38.4%。结论噪声强度越大,接噪时间越长,听力损伤率越高,高频听力损伤明显。应重点关注噪声超标岗位的治理,并加强防噪耳塞的监督管理,加强职业健康检查筛查听力损伤,排查职业病。     

某石油企业噪声作业人员听力损伤状况调查

目的调查并分析某石油企业噪声作业人员听力损伤状况。方法选择某石油企业噪声作业人员1 211人为调查对象(接触组),以该企业无噪声接触史的工作人员557人为对照组,对两组人员进行纯音听力测试,结合噪声监测资料对纯音听力测试结果进行分析。结果噪声接触组听力损伤检出率为31.2%,显著高于对照组(P0.01),且高频听力损伤检出率显著高于语频听力损伤(P0.01);男、女听力损伤检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);听力损伤检出率随接触噪声工龄的增长、接触噪声强度的提高而增高,均表现为正相关关系(rs=0.261~0.416,P0.01)。结论该石油企业噪声作业人员听力损伤情况比较严重,接触噪声工龄越长、强度越大,听力损伤检出率越高。     

深圳龙岗区职业性噪声与听力损失的流行病学研究

目的 对调查深圳市龙岗区噪声企业工人听力损失的评价指标进行探讨。方法 采用横断面流行病学调查方法，对深圳市龙岗区6家企业的稳态噪声作业环境进行调查，对386名接触噪声人员进行职业卫生学调查和听力测定，听力测定参照《职业性听力损伤诊断标准》（GBZ49—2002），并计算累积噪声暴露量（CNE）。结果 386名噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为74．09％，语频听力损伤发生率为50．52％；随CNE增加，听力损伤发生率有增高趋势（P〈0．05）；Logistic回归分析表明，高频、语频听损发生率与CNE呈显著相关，而与工龄的相关性不明显。结论 在特区经济模式下CNE作为听力健康的评价指标比工龄史敏感。     

噪声作业工人双耳高频听力损失与高血压的相关性分析

目的 探讨职业性噪声致双耳高频听力损失与高血压的联系。方法 通过“国家职业病与健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集2020年北京市噪声作业工人在岗期间职业健康检查数据,用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 31 987名噪声作业工人检出双耳高频平均听阈异常者1 907人,异常检出率为5.96%;检出高血压5 697人,高血压检出率为17.81%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整性别、年龄的影响后,噪声作业工人高血压与双耳高频平均听阈异常(OR=1.137)及接触噪声工龄有关(P<0.05)。与接触噪声工龄1～4 a者相比,接触噪声5～9、10～14、≥15 a者检出高血压的OR值分别为1.064、1.113、1.208)。结论 噪声作业工人双耳高频听力损失与高血压存在相关性,应加强对噪声作业工人尤其是出现双耳高频听力损失的工人的血压监测及高血压防治。     

噪声对轮机工健康状况的影响

为加强噪声治理和作业人员健康监护 ,对某轮驳公司噪声作业人员健康状况进行了调查。1　对象和方法以某轮驳公司 138名男性轮船设备巡检维护作业人员 (巡检、维护为同一工种 ,本文称为轮机工 )为观察组 ,平均年龄 48 5岁 ,平均工龄 2 4 2年 ;另选 60名男性非接触噪声作业工人作为对照组 ,平均年龄 47 6岁 ,平均工龄 2 3 7年。由专职人员按统一表格进行噪声测定、体格检查和听力检查。本底噪声为 30dB(A) ,工人脱离噪声后 12h测听力 ,诊断标准 :3kHz、4kHz、6kHz任一频段听力下降≥ 30dB(A)者为高频听力损伤 ;在高频听力损伤基础上语频 5 …     

个体噪声防护的职业接触人群听力损失的剂量-反应关系研究

目的准确评价工作场所中使用个体听力防护的噪声接触人群的听力损失。方法对50家企业的3 432名接触噪声工人进行纯音听力测试并对50家接触噪声企业进行职业卫生调查。结果50家噪声接触企业进行职业流行病调查显示噪声强度(92.1±4.9)dB,累积噪声暴露量(CNE)为(103.43±6.66)dB(A).年;在3 432名接触噪声作业人员的听阈检查中,高频损失1 272人(37.06%),语频损失133人(3.88%);高频和语频损失的发生率随累积噪声强度的增大而增大,其发生率与CNE存在剂量-反应关系(P<0.01)。结论高频和语频的发生率随累积噪声强度的增大而增大,呈剂量-反应关系。     

2010-2013年株洲市机械行业噪声危害风险分析

目的 分析株洲市机械行业噪声危害状况,为进一步制订防控噪声危害的措施提供科学依据。 方法 对株洲市2010-2013年机械加工企业的职业病危害检测资料和健康检查资料进行回顾性分析,对噪声接触率、噪声强度、听力异常检出率等指标进行了分析。 结果 2010-2013年该市受检企业平均噪声强度为(83.63±9.68)dB,呈逐年下降的趋势(F_趋势=195.36,P<0.001),总的点超标率为33.81%,呈逐年下降的趋势(χ²_趋势=108.79,P<0.001);作业人员总的噪声接触率为49.35%,听力异常检出率15.87%,其中2013年最高达23.44%;2010-2013年共检出1 557名听力异常者,其中高频听力损伤者968名,占61.92%,语频听力损伤占38.08%;听力损伤工种分布为:铆工占52.92%,电焊工22.50%,机加工9.92%。 结论 噪声是株洲市机械行业主要职业病危害因素之一,具有噪声强度大、超标率较高、工人接触时间长、接触率高等特点;噪声引起的听力损伤检出率较高,以高频听力损失为主;铆工、电焊工和机加工是控制噪声危害的关键控制点。     

听力损伤的累积噪声暴露阈值研究

目的根据不同累积噪声暴露量与工人语频听力损伤发生率间的关系,探讨和评价引起职业性听力损失的临界累积噪声暴露阈值.方法应用Logistic回归模型分析1 435名不同累积噪声暴露强度的听阈数据.结果语频损伤和高频损失发生率随暴露水平而增高;累积噪声暴露量与语频损伤发生率的Logistic回归分析显示,听阈水平随累积噪声暴露量增高而上升并有明显相关性;预测模型显示语频损伤的临界累积噪声暴露阈值为100dB(A).结论听力损伤的临界累积噪声暴露阈值100dB(A)与我国现执行的噪声卫生标准具有一致性,可探讨作为对个体职业噪声暴露危害程度警告的阈值指标.     

个体防护下噪声作业人群3年高频听阈动态观察

[目的]研究采用个体听力防护措施的噪声作业人群的高频听阈动态变化,探讨其相关规律,为临床实践和相关标准的制定提供职业流行病学依据。[方法]选择上海地区5家噪声超标[≥85dB（A）]并执行听力保护计划的企业,收集其中355人、698耳的连续3年4次纯音听力测试结果进行统计分析。[结果]全体研究对象3年4次语频听闻值均≤25dB（HL）,未见明显变化,高频听阈值随着工作时间的增加而增高,不同工龄组3年间高频平均听阈值亦呈逐年上升趋势。根据初次纯音听阈测试结果,高频听力正常、轻度高频受损和观察对象的高频听阈平均值均逐年上升,其中听力正常者高频听阈值的增高最为显著,3年后的测试值与初次测试值的差异为（4．14±3．98）dB（HL）。[结论]全体研究对象3年4次高频听阈值每年增高〈2dB（HL）,在噪声作业环境中采用的个体听力防护措施,可使作业人员的听力变化控制在较小范围内;提示噪声作业在岗期间的健康监护周期可延长至2年或2年以上。     

Assessment of noise exposure during commuting in the Madrid subway

Because noise-induced hearing impairment is the result not only of occupational noise exposure but also of total daily noise exposure, it is important to take the non-occupational exposure of individuals (during commuting to and from their jobs, at home, and during recreational activities) into account. Mass transit is one of the main contributors to non-occupational noise exposure. We developed a new methodology to estimate a representative commuting noise exposure. The methodology was put into practice for the Madrid subway because of all Spanish subway systems it covers the highest percentage of worker journeys (22.6%). The results of the application highlight that, for Madrid subway passengers, noise exposure level normalized to a nominal 8 hr (L(Ex,8h-cj) ) depends strongly on the type of train, the presence of squealing noise, and the public address audio system, ranging from 68.6 dBA to 72.8?dBA. These values play an important role in a more complete evaluation of a relationship between noise dose and worker health response.     

油气钻采业噪声作业人群听力损害风险模型探索

目的 根据某石化企业噪声作业人群听力损害情况,并结合作业现场噪声暴露水平,探索个人听力损害风险模型,用于预测噪声作业人群听力损害风险。方法 采用横断面研究方法,采取随机整群抽样,利用问卷调查某石化企业263名作业工人人口学特征、职业特征、生活方式和听力健康知识信念行为（knowledge attitude practice,KAP）,使用MIDMATE622纯音听力计进行纯音听阈测试,并利用个体噪声测量仪进行噪声暴露监测,采用χ2检验、多因素logistic回归分析筛选出听力损害的影响因素,建立风险预测模型。结果 多因素回归分析发现,研究对象噪声损害效应与KAP得分、累积噪声暴露（cumulative noise exposure,CNE）剂量和接噪工龄的OR值分别是0.97（95%CI:0.94～1.00）、2.37（95%CI:1.18～4.76）、2.33（95%CI:1.45～3.74）,是引起噪声性听力损害的主要风险因素,基于上述风险因素建立了噪声性听力损害的风险预测模型。结论 企业可根据由KAP得分、CNE剂量和接噪工龄建立的噪声性听力损害风险模型,对噪声作业人群制定针对性的健康管理措施,减少噪声引起的听力损害。     

Occupational noise exposure and hearing loss of workers in two plants in eastern Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss associated with occupational noise exposure and other risk factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study involving 269 exposed and 99 non-exposed subjects (non-industrial noise exposed subjects) randomly selected. Current noise exposure was estimated using both sound level meter and noise-dosimeter. Past noise exposure was estimated by interview questionnaire. Otoscopic examination and conventional frequency (0.25-8 kHz) audiometry were used to assess the hearing loss in each subject. RESULTS: 75% (202 subjects) from the exposed group were exposed to a daily Leq above the permissible level of 85 dB(A) and most (61%) of these did not and had never used any form of hearing protection. Hearing loss was found to be bilateral and symmetrical in both groups. Bivariate analysis showed a significant hearing loss in the exposed vs non-exposed subjects with a characteristic dip at 4 kHz. Thirty eight percent of exposed subjects had hearing impairment, which was an 8-fold higher rate than that found for non-exposed subjects. Multivariate analysis indicated exposure to noise was the primary, and age the secondary predictor of hearing loss. Odds of hearing impairment were lower for a small sub-group of exposed workers using hearing protection (N=19) in which logistic regression analysis showed the probability of workers adopting hearing protective devices increased with noise exposure, education, and awareness of noise control. Hearing loss was also greater amongst those who used headphones to listen to recorded cassettes. CONCLUSION: Gross occupational exposure to noise has been demonstrated to cause hearing loss and the authors believe that occupational hearing loss in Saudi Arabia is a widespread problem. Strategies of noise assessment and control are introduced which may help improve the work environment.     

Hearing loss associated with smoking in male workers

A cross-sectional study was designed to examine the effect of smoking habit on hearing loss at 1000 and 4000 Hz in the workplace. Among 1,875 male workers, including 287 subjects with occupational noise exposure, the ratio of the number with hearing loss at 1000 or 4000 Hz increased with smoking habits and that relation at 4000 Hz was statistically significant. These hearing losses showed a significant relation with age but not with working- duration under occupational noise exposure by multiple regression analysis. The amount of smoking showed a weak but significant association with hearing loss at 4000 Hz. However, among the 287 male subjects with occupational noise exposure, there was no significant relation between smoking habits and hearing loss. Therefore, both hearing loss induced by occupational noise exposure and that related with smoking habit were well controlled in this workplace. These results indicate that hearing check-ups and education to prevent noise-induced hearing impairment in the workplace might be useful to prevent the hearing loss associated with smoking habit among male workers.     

Noise exposure and hearing conservation in U.S. coal mines--a surveillance report

This study examines the patterns and trends in noise exposure documented in data collected by Mine Safety and Health Administration inspectors at U.S. coal mines from 1987 through 2004. During this period, MSHA issued a new regulation on occupational noise exposure that changed the regulatory requirements and enforcement policies. The data were examined to identify potential impacts from these changes. The overall annual median noise dose declined 67% for surface coal mining and 24% for underground coal mining, and the reduction in each group accelerated after promulgation of the new noise rule. However, not all mining occupations experienced a decrease. The exposure reduction was accompanied by an increase of shift length as represented by dosimeter sample duration. For coal miners exposed above the permissible exposure level, use of hearing protection devices increased from 61% to 89% during this period. Participation of miners exposed at or above the action level in hearing conservation programs rapidly reached 86% following the effective date of the noise rule. Based on inspection data, the occupational noise regulation appears to be having a strong positive impact on hearing conservation by reducing exposures and increasing the use of hearing protection devices and medical surveillance. However, the increase in shift duration and resulting reduction in recovery time may mitigate the gains somewhat.     

职业性噪声对暴露人群健康效应初步分析

目的分析工业作业场所职业性噪声对暴露人群的健康效应。方法于2005年随机抽取南方某市部分噪声暴露工厂,按《作业场所噪声测量规范》(WS/T69-1996)进行测点选择和测量噪声强度[dB(A)],按照《职业健康监护管理办法》对其职业性噪声暴露人群进行健康检查,并对4家产生稳态噪声、4家产生脉冲噪声的工厂的暴露人群的健康效应进行比较分析。结果共对84家工厂的1374个噪声作业点进行噪声强度测定,噪声平均强度83.40[dB(A)],作业点噪声强度90[dB(A)]以上占23.22%(319/1374),85~89[dB(A)]占25.47%(350/1374),85[dB(A)]以下占51.31%(705/1374),超标率为48.69%(699/1374);7464例噪声暴露工人的健康检查结果显示,听力损伤检出率为20.47%(1528/7464),心电图异常检出率7.32%(546/7464),心率异常检出率为3.93%(293/7464),血压偏高检出率为3.71%(277/7464);稳态噪声和脉冲噪声的平均强度分别为84.96、88.49[dB(A)],两者的等效噪音强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脉冲噪声暴露人群的听力损伤、血压偏高检出率均高于稳态噪声的(P>0.01)。暴露人群的听力损伤检出率与暴露水平存在正相关关系(rs=0.952 4,P<0.01)。结论职业性噪声暴露对人群健康效应的影响表现为脉冲噪声对噪声暴露者的危害比稳态噪声大;噪声强度和噪声暴露者的听力损伤检出率存在剂量反应关系。     

Hearing loss associated with smoking and occupational noise exposure in a Japanese metal working company

The effects of smoking on hearing loss within the context of atherosclerosis was assessed, and the statistical interaction of occupational noise evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 397 Japanese males working at a metal factory, aged 21–66 years, in a periodical health checkup. The following information was obtained: two smoking indices of smoking status and Brinkman index, occupational noise exposures and atherosclerotic risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, atherosclerosis index). Hearing acuity was measured at 4 kHz using a pure-tone audiometer in a quiet room. Among the total subjects, 55 (13.9%) were identified as having hearing loss at 4 kHz, and 151 (38.0%) were currently exposed to occupational noise. When adjusted for age and occupational noise exposure, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of hearing loss were 3.16 (1.04, 9.62) for past smokers and 3.39 (1.05, 11.01) for heavy smokers (Brinkman index >750 cigarettes per day × number of years), compared with never-smokers. Statistical interaction of occupational noise exposure was insignificant with the association between smoking and hearing loss. When including atherosclerotic risk factors in a multiple model, there were no significant associations between hearing loss and either smoking or any other factors (i.e., occupational noise and atherosclerotic factors). Smoking was found to be associated with hearing loss beyond occupational noise exposure, and this association seemed to be masked by atherosclerotic factors, suggesting that the direction of the atherosclerotic effect on the relationship might need to be explored between smoking and hearing impairment.