经食管超声心动图在房颤介入治疗前左心耳血栓检查中的应用价值

目的探讨经食管超声心动图（TEE）在房颤介入治疗前左心耳血栓检查中的应用价值。方法对48例拟行射频消融、经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术（PBMV）的房颤患者应用经胸超声心动图（TTE）筛查,对未发现左房血栓或可疑左心耳血栓者进一步行TEE检查,以确定左心耳有无血栓。结果 48例房颤患者常规TTE检查42例未发现左心耳血栓,2例可疑左心耳血栓。TEE检查在48例中发现9例左心耳血栓,占18.7%（7/48）,发现左心耳＂自发性显影＂8例。结论 TEE在房颤介入治疗前左心耳血栓检查中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

左心耳发育不良临床及影像学分析

目的 分析心房颤动（房颤）患者左心耳发育不良的临床及影像学特点,探讨其预防左心房血栓抗凝方案。方法 回顾性研究2018年7月至2023年10月上海健康医学院附属周浦医院经左心房电子计算机断层扫描造影成像（CTV）和（或）经食管超声心动图（TEE）检查发现左心耳发育不良的房颤患者5例,分析其临床特征、影像学资料、抗凝治疗方案。结果 5例房颤患者,1例完成左心房CTV及TEE检查,1例完成胸部CT平扫及TEE检查,3例完成左心房CTV检查。5例患者均依靠左心房CTV延迟期及肺静脉期多平面重建和（或）TEE结果诊断左心耳发育不良,TEE可见细小的左心耳间隙或不能见到左心耳口。左心耳发育不良均表现为左心耳小,左心耳壁肥厚,无左心耳腔或左心耳腔细小,左心房CTV对比剂难以进入。5例患者均合并心脑血管动脉粥样硬化,1例行冷冻消融术,既有抗血小板方案也有抗凝方案或二者兼有。结论 左心房CTV延迟期及肺静脉期多平面重建可明确诊断特殊类型的发育不良的左心耳,TEE对诊断有一定辅助作用。伴左心耳发育不良的房颤患者抗凝方案有待进一步认识。     

房颤时左心耳结构和功能改变与肺静脉血流的关系研究

目的评价房颤时左心耳结构和功能改变与肺静脉血流变化的关系。方法74例房颤患者和16例正常人接受经胸超声心动图(TTE)和经食道超声心动图(TEE)检查,检测左心耳血栓形成、结构、功能和肺静脉血流频谱指标。结果18例房颤患者存在左心耳血栓,血栓组、非血栓组和正常组间左心耳结构、功能和肺静脉血流频谱有显著差异,其中血栓组左心耳扩大,血流速度下降最严重,左心耳结构、功能和肺静脉血流密切相关。结论房颤时左心耳结构改变,功能减退,肺静脉血流和左心耳结构、功能关系密切,能准确反应左心耳功能,在血栓评价中具有重要意义。     

64排螺旋CT与经食道超声对房颤患者左房血栓的检测

目的探讨64排螺旋CT(64SCT)扫描对房颤患者左房血栓的检测价值。方法选择2009年1月至2015年2月就诊于我院心脏诊疗中心拟行房颤射频消融术的房颤病例,行64SCT肺静脉检查及经食道超声心动图检查(TEE),并将64SCT与TEE检测左房或左心耳血栓的结果进行比较分析。结果共计入选资料完整的房颤患者89例,以TEE作为"金标准",其中75例64SCT扫描与TEE诊断相符,诊断符合率为84.27%(75/89)。64SCT检测左房或左心耳血栓的诊断特异度为98.48%(65/66),诊断灵敏度为43.48%(10/23),阳性预测值为90.91%(10/11),阴性预测值为83.33%(65/78),阳性似然比为28.70,阴性似然比为0.57。两者进行配对设计Mc Nemarχ2检验,P=0.014,统计学上尚不能认为两者的检测效果相同。结论 64SCT扫描对房颤患者左房或左心耳血栓检测的特异度高,对左房或左心耳血栓诊断具有重要价值。但64SCT检查左房或左心耳血栓的敏感性不够,在房颤射频消融术前不能完全代替经食道心脏超声预测左房或左心耳血栓。     

造影增强经食道超声心动图评估射频消融术前房颤患者左心耳血栓及功能情况研究

目的 探讨造影增强经食道超声心动图(TEE)评估射频消融术前房颤患者的左心耳血栓及功能检出情况及应用价值.方法 选择2020年10月至2020年12月于四川大学华西医院就诊并拟行射频消融术的房颤患者20例,均行常规TEE及造影增强TEE检查.评估两种方法左心耳功能指标(左心耳排空、充盈速度)和左心耳血栓的检出情况.结果...     

心房颤动消融术后心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复的随访结果与影响因素

目的 环肺静脉电隔离术已成为治疗心房颤动（房颤）的一种有效手段,但是心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复是环肺静脉电隔离术需要克服的一个难关.本研究的目的 是明确环肺静脉电隔离术的效果以及影响心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复的因素,以提高消融术成功率,预防复发.方法 232例两次行房颤射频消融的阵发性房颤和持续性房颤患者,采用Lasso环状电极导管标测,明确其心房-肺静脉电位恢复部位,并在CartoTM系统指导下予以消融.并分析患者年龄、性别、房颤病史、体重指数、左心房内径、左心房舒张末内径、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及各合并症与心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复的关系.结果 232例第2次消融术病例术中标测示44例次（19.0%）无心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复,且术中心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复部位（Gap）多存在于左肺静脉前上部65例次（28%）、前下部49例次（21.1%）、右肺静脉后上部59例次（25.4%）及后下部61例次（26.3%）.年龄是房颤消融术后心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复的独立危险因素（P=0.012）,且性别、房颤病史、体重指数、左心房内径、左心房舒张末期内径、LVEF恢复组与未恢复组差异无统计学意义.结论 环肺静脉隔离术后,经长时间随访有约80%的患者心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复,并且心房-肺静脉电位传导存在易恢复区,多集中于左肺静脉前上部、前下部、右肺静脉后上部及后下部.年龄是房颤消融术后心房-肺静脉电位传导恢复的独立危险因素.     

持续性房颤患者CHADS_2分数与左心耳功能关系的应用研究

目的探讨持续性房颤患者CHADS2分数与左心耳功能之间的关系。方法对接受经食管超声心动图（TEE）检查的35例持续性房颤患者及55例非持续性房颤患者测量收缩期左心耳入口处横径、舒张期左心耳排空血流峰速,对患者采用CHADS2评分标准进行评分,将所测数值及分数进行统计学分析。结果 35例持续性房颤患者CHADS2评分高于非持续性房颤患者（P〈0.01）;TEE检查中持续性房颤患者收缩期左心耳入口处横径大于非持续性房颤患者（P〈0.01）;持续性房颤患者舒张期左心耳排空血流峰速低于非持续性房颤患者（P〈0.01）。持续性房颤患者发现左心耳血栓9例（25.7%）,发现左心房＂自发性显影＂8例（22.8%）,非持续性房颤患者未发现左心耳血栓及左心房＂自发性显影＂。结论持续性房颤患者CHADS2分数升高的同时伴有左心耳功能的下降。     

环肺静脉电隔离术后房性快速心律失常的机制和再消融治疗

目的分析环肺静脉电隔离术后，房性快速心律失常（ATa）发生机制和再次消融治疗结果。方法采用Lasso导管和电解剖（Carto）标测，对135例房颤患者行环同侧肺静脉电隔离消融术。术后随访时间3个月以上的102例患者中，33例患者仍有ATa发作。其中20例接受再次消融治疗。再次消融术均采用单Lasso导管标测，Carto指导下点状消融肺静脉与心房的传导点（gap），或环肺静脉线性消融左心房。消融成功终点为双侧肺静脉电隔离。结果Lasso导管标测表明，20例患者均存在心房与肺静脉（A—PVP）的电传导，一侧和双侧A—PVP传导分别为8例和12例。再次消融，18例患者达到肺静脉电隔离（其中10例为局部补点式消融，余8例行环肺静脉线性消融）。另2例患者的左侧或双侧肺静脉未能电隔离。平均随访（5．5±5．3）个月，18例术中达到消融终点的患者，仅1例仍有阵发性房颤。结论环肺静脉线性消融术后，存在或恢复左心房与肺静脉的电传导是导致ATa发生的主要原因。再次消融电隔离肺静脉是成功治疗的关键。     

左心耳形态结构与房颤射频消融术后复发的关系

【摘要】 目的 探讨左心耳形态对心房颤动（房颤）导管消融术后复发的预测价值。方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月在河南省胸科医院和郑州市第七人民医院首次行房颤射频消融的患者440例为研究对象,根据随访结果分为房颤复发组和未复发组。术前所有患者均接受左房肺静脉血管成像或食道彩超检查,根据检查结果将左心耳形态分为鸡翅形、风向标型、仙人掌型、菜花型。术后随访18个月,以消融术后复发为结局,分析左心耳形态对房颤复发的影响。结果 阵发性房颤57例（22.80%）复发,持续性房颤78例（41.05%）复发,持续性房颤患者复发率明显大于阵发性心房颤动;复发组患者左房前后径、左心房体积、左心耳体积均大于未复发组;左心耳形态学特征中,鸡翅型房颤复发率最高（37.26%）,风向标型复发率最低（21.59%）（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示左心耳体积、持续性房颤及鸡翅型左心耳形态是房颤复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）,OR( 95% CI) 分别为1.348（1.009~1.801）、1.980（1.343~2.919）、1.687（1.021~2.786）。此外,服用ACEI/ARB类药物也有助于减少房颤复发。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示房颤消融术后左心耳形态累计复发率依次为鸡翅型＞仙人掌型＞菜花型＞风向标型（χ2=9.302,P=0.026）。结论 左心耳形态学特征与房颤射频消融术后复发风险相关,ACEI/ARB类药物有助于降低房颤消融术后复发。     

双源CT联合食管超声心动图检测房颤左心耳血栓

目的 探讨双源CT与食管超声心动图（TEE）联合检测对心房颤动（简称房颤）患者是否发生左心耳血栓的诊断价值,为临床早期筛查诊断、针对性制定治疗方案提供参考依据。方法 选取平顶山市精神病医院2021年7月至2023年7月收治的74例房颤患者作为研究对象,入院后均行双源CT检查及食管超声检查。以最终临床诊断结果为“金标准”,比较房颤患者中有左心耳血栓与左心耳血栓双源CT定量参数[左心房最大容积（LAVmax）、左心房最小容积（LAVmin）、左心耳最大容积（LAVVmax）、左心耳最小容积（LAVVmin）、左心房射血分数（LAEF）、左心耳射血分数（LAAEF）],比较双源CT与TEE单独及联合检测对左心耳血栓的诊断效能。结果 最终临床诊断结果显示,74例房颤患者中,有左心耳血栓28例,无左心耳血栓46例。有左心耳血栓患者LAVmax、LAVmin、LAAVmax、LAAVmin高于无左心耳血栓患者,LAFF、LAAEF低于无左心耳血栓患者（P<0.05）;双源CT检测结果显示,有左心耳血栓患者20例,无左心耳血栓患者54例;TEE检测结果显示,有左心耳血栓患者21例,无左心耳血栓...     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.