药用浮石与浮海石品种探讨

就药用浮石与浮海石的品种通过对古代，现代有关本草的考证比较进行研究和整理，认定浮石为火成岩类岩石的块状物，浮海石为胞孔科植物脊突苔虫和瘤苔虫的干燥骨骼，为澄清混乱，确保临床合理用药提供了理论依据。     

浮海石基源考证

浮海石又名海浮石、浮石、石花等。为临床较常用的矿物类中药。目前各地用浮海石入药的有三大类:一类为矿物“浮石”;一类为动物脊突苔虫的骨骼“石花”;一类为海滨石灰华“小海石”[1]。“浮石”“石花”“小海石”三者不仅性状差别甚大,其基源、所含化学成分也不相同。为正本     

药用浮石、浮海石基源及临床应用浅析

浮石、浮海石作为常用中药,在临床应用中使用混乱,笔者考证了有关本草文献,并查询了各级药品标准。总结出浮石、浮海石基源收载有以下三种情况:A浮石为火山喷出的岩浆凝固形成的多孔状石块。为矿物药,其主要成分是二氧化硅(Si O2)。B浮海石为胞孔科动物脊突苔虫Costazia aculeata Canu et Bassler的干燥骨骼。为动物药,其主要成分是碳酸钙(Ca CO3)。C浮海石为胞孔科动物瘤苔虫Costazia costazii Audouin的干燥骨骼。作者调查发现在临床应用中二者使用混乱,提出应正本清源,按标准规范其名称及处方应付,合理用药。     

浮海石及浮石的鉴别与合理应用

1浮海石Os Cotaziae1.1基源为胞孔科动物脊突苔虫Costazia aculeate Canuet Bassler、瘤苔虫Costazia costazii Audouin的干燥骨骼[1]。1.2饮片鉴别呈珊瑚样不规则块状,略呈扁圆形或长圆形,直径2-5 cm,灰白色或灰黄色。一面多突起,作分叉状分枝,中部交织如网状,叉枝小枝长3.5 m     

海浮石名实沿革考

通过对古今文献的分析,认为古代海浮石有两种:一种原名水花,为火山喷出的岩浆凝固形成的多孔状石块;一种原名石花,为胞孔科脊突苔虫的干燥骨骼.前者较后者使用历史早.经历代衍变,今日商品海浮石有四类:矿性浮石;动物性浮石;植物性浮石;海滨石灰华.     

“石花”不能作“花蕊石”入药

南昌市洪都中医院药剂科龚旭报道:南昌市发现有将“石花”即中药浮海石(为一种胞孔科动物脊突苔虫CostaxiaacuIeata Canu et BassIer的干燥骨骼)误作为中药花蕊石(为蛇纹大理石的岩石)使用的情况,笔者认为这是一种严重的错用。“石花”与“花蕊石”是两种性状、功效不同的中药,代用足既没有根据也没有道理,完全违反了中医中药的基本理论。浮海石性寒、味咸,功效为清肺化痰软坚(?)(?)。花蕊石性平、味酸涩,功效为化瘀止血。“石花”与     

超临界流体萃取-高效液相色谱法测定总合草苔虫中草苔虫内酯 4含量

 目的建立超临界流体萃取(SFE)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)的联用技术测定总合草苔虫中抗癌活性成分的方法。方法正交设计法考察了影响草苔虫内酯4 (bryostatin 4)超临界流体萃取效率的主次效应及最佳萃取条件，并以HPLC定量检测bryostatin 4。结果SFE萃取的最佳条件为：压力40 MPa，温度45℃，改性剂量1mL，萃取体积15 mL。结论SFE-HPLC可用于检测总合草苔虫中的草苔虫内酯成分，该方法快速、简便。     

海浮石基原与性效辨析

为澄清和限定海浮石基原，考证了有关本草文献，并进行了实地工作考查。结果发现，海浮石基原有：Ａ胞孔科动物脊突苔虫Ｃａｓｔａｚｉａ ａｃｕｌｅａｔａ Ｃａｎｕ ｅｔＢａｓｓｌｅｎ和瘤苔虫Ｃａｓｔａｚｉａ ｃｏｓｔａｚｉｉ Ａｕｄｏｕｉｎ．的干燥骨骼；Ｂ海水中溶解的碳酸钙盐围绕贝壳及碎片等质点沉积而成；Ｃ系火山喷发岩浆凝固形成的多孔状石块。提出中医药海浮石主流品种应为基原Ａ，基原Ｃ应别作它药，定名为浮池     

不同基质对蝙蝠蛾幼虫存活和繁殖的影响

目的:对比研究高原草甸土、椰糠、水苔、泥炭土、木屑五种基质饲养蝙蝠蛾幼虫的效果。方法:以存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、产卵量及孵化率为指标,考察每种基质的最佳使用湿度,并对五种基质在最佳使用湿度下的养虫效果进行比较。结果:各种基质的最佳使用湿度分别为:高原草甸土30%,椰糠80%,水苔85%,泥炭土40%,木屑55%;养虫效果为:高原草甸土椰糠水苔泥炭土木屑。结论:不同基质的养虫效果不同,该实验为蝙蝠蛾幼虫饲养过程中的基质研究提供参考。     

急性虫垂炎诊断すけゐ舌象变化の观察的意羲につぃて

虫垂炎638例舌象观察,99.37%患者舌尖红赤色红绛色呈,细颗粒状物,患者苔垢变化。舌象变化虫垂炎病理类型密切关系持。急性单纯性虫垂炎舌尖红赤     

先兆流产的治疗及其妊娠结局

目的 :探讨先兆流产的治疗方法及其妊娠结局。方法 :采用口服孕康口服液 (服药组 )和肌注黄体酮 (肌注组 )治疗先兆流产 16 0例 ,对比观察其疗效 ,并将 15 7例继续妊娠的先兆流产与 10 0例无妊娠早期出血孕产妇对照观察其妊娠结局。结果 :服药组有效率为 98.75 % ,肌注组为 97.5 0 % ,两组间无显著性差异 ;妊娠结局的比较 ,先兆流产与对照组亦无显著性差异 ,P>0 .0 5。结论 :口服孕康口服液与肌注黄体酮治疗先兆流产均有良好疗效 ,先兆流产对其妊娠结局无明显影响。     

痹祺胶囊治疗腰肌劳损的临床疗效观察

目的:观察痹祺胶囊治疗腰肌劳损的临床疗效。方法:将符合诊断标准的120例患者随机分为治疗组(66例)和对照组(54例),治疗组以口服痹祺胶囊治疗,对照组予口服复方氯唑沙宗治疗。4周后对两组病例的综合疗效进行总结。结果:总有效率治疗组为92.4%,对照组为79.6%,统计学上无明显差异(P=0.06),治疗后VAS评分治疗组为(0.95±1.63),对照组为(1.83±2.39),治疗组优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:口服痹祺胶囊治疗腰肌劳损的疗效明显,优于服用西药治疗的对照组。     

小儿口服剂型新药研发探讨

根据发育药理学,小儿各个时期发育的体内生理环境差异明显,目前适合小儿使用的口服制剂药物甚少,导致小儿药物使用成人化,严重影响小儿的健康发育。因此,小儿新药研发应按照小儿不同月龄和年龄进行新药研发,并提出适用于小儿的混悬液、口服液等剂型,也可以尝试长效制剂、速效制剂和靶向制剂。     

痹祺胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎150例临床疗效观察

目的:观察痹祺胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将符合诊断标准的210例随机分为治疗组(150例)和对照组(60例),治疗组以口服痹祺胶囊治疗,对照组予口服西药美洛昔康治疗。4周后对两组病例的综合疗效进行总结。结果:总有效率治疗组为93.3%,对照组为75.0%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:口服痹祺胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效明显,优于服用西药治疗的对照组。     

陈旧性经舟骨月周骨折脱位8例的手术治疗

目的：探讨陈旧性经舟骨月周骨折脱位手术治疗方法、对预后的影响。方法：采用掌背侧联合入路或单独背侧入路,双头螺钉内固定及植骨,配合以外固定,指导患者适宜功能锻炼。结果：8例患者对治疗效果均获满意,脱位纠正,骨折愈合,功能基本恢复正常,未遗留关节疼痛等。讨论：经舟骨月骨周围骨折脱位伤后就诊较晚,或未经正规治疗,采用非手术,虽仍有愈合可能,但并发症常较多,且常遗留关节活动受限等。经手术治疗可缩短病程,降低骨折不愈合、并发关节炎等并发症。     

Effect of the extracts and fractions of Baccharis trimera and Syzygium cumini on glycaemia of diabetic and non-diabetic mice

In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracts and fractions of Baccharis trimera and Syzygium cumini on glycaemia of diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Crude ethanolic extracts and aqueous and butanolic fractions of the aerial parts of Baccharis trimera and leaves of Syzygium cumini were evaluated. None of the extracts or fractions (200 or 2000 mg/kg, per os) induced any effect after acute administration. Seven-day treatment with crude ethanolic and aqueous and butanolic fractions (200-2000 mg/kg, twice daily, per os) of Syzygium cumini reduced glycaemia of non-diabetic mice. However, this effect was associated with a reduction of food intake and body weight, indicating that this may not be a genuine hypoglycaemic effect. In diabetic mice, only the aqueous fraction of Baccharis trimera (2000 mg/kg, twice daily, per os) reduced the glycaemia after a 7-day treatment. This effect was not associated with a body weight reduction. The results suggest that Baccharis trimera presents a potential antidiabetic activity and indicate that food intake and body weight must be determined when evaluating metabolic parameters after prolonged administration of plant extracts.     

Hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of acetonic extract of Vernonia colorata leaves in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The aqueous extract of Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake (Composeae) leaves is used by African traditional medicine practitioners as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes. Our previous studies have shown the hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Vernonia colorata leaves (300 mg/kg, per os) in normoglycaemic rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of acetonic and hexanic extracts of the leaves of Vernonia colorata in order to further discriminate the type of extract which provides a better antidiabetic activity. Experiments were performed in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The acetonic extract of the leaves of Vernonia colorata (AELVC) (100 mg/kg, per os) induced a significant decrease of blood glucose in normoglycaemic rats. The glycaemia varied from 4.72+/-0.11 to 3.72+/-0.22 mmol/l (p<0.05, n=5) 3 h after AELVC administration per os. In contrast, the hexanic extract of the leaves of Vernonia colorata (HELVC) increased significantly the glycaemia in normoglycaemic rats. Like glibenclamide, AELVC has an antihyperglycaemic effect in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. These results have shown that: (i) AELVC and HELVC have an opposite effect on basal blood glucose in normoglycaemic rats, suggesting that the mechanisms of action of both above-mentioned extracts are different; (ii) AELVC has also an antidiabetic activity in hyperglycaemic rat models.     

两种不同口腔护理方法对预防昏迷、危重患者口腔并发症的效果观察

目的：探讨康复新液对预防昏迷、危重患者口腔并发症的效果。方法：观察组用康复新液进行口腔护理;对照组用生理盐水进行口腔护理。两组用法及用量一致。结果：观察组发生口臭、牙周炎、口腔溃疡、霉菌性口腔炎明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：康复新液对预防昏迷、危重患者口腔并发症效果明显。     

厚朴花与其混淆品深山含笑的鉴别

通过对厚朴花和混淆品深山含笑药材的性状、显微特征、TLC及UV的鉴别比较,结果两者有明显区别。     

活脉散的药理研究

活脉散灌胃一天两次,共5天后,能显著延长血栓形成时间,抑制ADP和胶原诱导血小板聚集,同时降低全血粘度,但对红细胞压积无明显影响。结果表明,活脉散对血液系统具有多方面药理作用。