急性髓性白血病178例患者的细胞遗传学特征

目的 探讨急性髓性白血病(AML)患者的细胞遗传学特征.方法 采用骨髓短期培养和G显带技术对178例AML患者进行染色体核型分析.结果 178例患者中,171例有足够可供分析的中期分裂象.171例患者异常克隆检出率74.9%.其中27例患者为骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)继发AML,其异常克隆榆出率为92.6%,在其余144例原发AML中异常克隆检出率为71.5%,MDS继发AML异常克隆检出率明显高于原发AML患者.171例患者中预后良好核型占24.0%,预后中等核型占46.8%,预后不良核型占29.2%.在预后良好核型中以t(15;17)为多;在预后中等核型中以正常核型为主;在预后不良核型中以复杂异常核型为主,复杂核型的异常克隆中常含有-5/5q-、-7/7q-等具有不良预后的异常克隆.老年组75例患者中,预后良好、预后中等及预后不良核型分别为16.0%、48.0%及36.O%,年轻组96例患者中分别为30.2%、45.8%及24.0%.老年患者预后良好核型比例低于年轻患者.MDS继发AML患者预后不良核型比例及单体核型比例均高于原发AML患者(P值均<0.001).结论 t(15;17)、正常核型、复杂核型分别是AML最常见的预后良好核型、预后巾等核型及预后不良核型.MDS继发的AML及老年AML患者染色体核型预后不良.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the cytogenetic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients.Methods The karyotype analysis was performed in 178 AML using the short-term culture of bone marrow cell and G-banding technique.Results Among the 178 patients,171 had enough metaphases for analysis and 128(74.9%)had clonal karyotypic abnormalities.Twenty-seven patients were secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-AML),with 25 (92.6%) patients carrying clonal karyotypic abnormalities.Among the remaining 144 patients of de novo AML,103(71.5%)had clonal karyotypic abnormalities.The rate of abnormal clonal karyotype was higher in MDS-AML than that of de novo AML (P=0.021).Among the 171 patients,41(24.0%)were in favorable risk group,80(46.8%)in intermediate risk group and 50(29.2%)in adverse risk group.t(15;17)was the most common chromosomal aberration.The maiority intermediate risk chromosomal aberration was;normal karyotype.The most common cytogenetic abnormality among adverse group was a complex karyotype.Adverse cytogenetic aberrations,such as -5/5q-,-7/7q-,frequently occurred in conjunction with one another as part of a complex karyotype.Totally 75 patients were 60 years or older,among them,16.0%were in favorable risk group,48.0%in intermediate risk group and 36.0%in adverse risk group.Among 96 younger patients,30.2%were in favorable risk group.45.8%in intermediate risk group and 24.0%in adverse risk group.The rate of favorable risk chromosomal aberration was lower in elder patients than in younger(P=0.03 1).The rate of adverse risk chromosomal aberration and the rate of monosomal karyotype were higher in MDSAML than in de novo AML patients(P<0.001).Conclusions The most common favorable,intermediate and adverse chromosomal aberrations were t(15;17),normal karyotype and complex karyotype respectively.The karyotype was poor in MDS-AML and elder AML patients.     

上海地区805例成人急性白血病世界卫生组织亚型的临床分析

目的 分析上海地区24家医院急性白血病(AL)世界卫生组织(WHO)亚型的分布,并与国外资料进行比较,探讨我国AL患者WHO亚型的分布特点.方法 收集连续样本,对中美联合上海市白血病协作组805例AL患者同时采用FAB和WHO分型标准进行分型诊断.结果 本组AL中急性髓系白血病(AML)77.4%(623/805),急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)20.4%(164/805),AML和ALL之比为3.8:1.伴有重现性细胞遗传学异常AML占36.4%,AML伴多系病态造血占17.7%,不属于上述分类的AML占45.9%.FAB分型中M4最多,占33.9%,M3和M4比例高于国外,M1比例低于国外报道.与上海市1984-1994年AL资料相比,M4亚型比例增多,M1和M5亚型比例减少.AML染色体异常率61.7%,AML伴t(15;17)比例高于国外,染色体预后良好组占30.1%,预后中等组占51.6%,预后不良组占18.3%,预后良好组比例高于国外.ALL中前体B细胞ALL占绝大多数(82.3%),ALL中t(9;22)占28.2%.结论 AML伴t(15;17)和M4比例高于国外,染色体预后良好组比例高于国外,AML的WHO分型和染色体异常类型与国外有所不同.与上海市1984-1994年AL资料相比,AML的亚型分布有所变化.     

老年急性髓系白血病患者106例临床特点

目的 研究急性髓系白血病老年患者细胞遗传学及分子生物学特征.方法 回顾性分析我中心初治老年急性髓系白血病患者106例,对其的染色体核型及基因突变进行研究.结果 106例患者中异常核型52例,检出率为49.06％.t(15;17)及t(8;21)预后良好核型的发生率分别为13.21％ (14/106)与5.66％ (6/106);预后不良的复杂核型及单体型核型的检出率分别为9.43％ (10/106)及4.72％ (5/106).染色体预后分层:良好组、中危组、高危组所占比例分别为18.87％ (20/106)、70.75％ (75/106)与10.83％ (11/106).高危组预后较差.共21例患者行分子学检测,NPM1、FLT3-ITD及c-kit突变的发生率分别为23.81％、14.29％及4.76％,NPM1、FLT3-1TD突变者均为正常核型,c-kit突变只见于t(8;21)患者.结论 老年患者预后良好核型低,预后不良核型则高.老年患者预后较差,高危组患者预后更差.     

骨髓增生异常综合征进展为急性髓性白血病伴染色体核型由三体8向四体8演变1例报告并文献复习

目的通过报告1例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者在疾病进展过程中染色体核型由8号染色体三体型(三体8)向8号染色体四体型(四体8)演变的病例,结合文献复习,提高对MDS疾病进展过程中染色体核型演变及四体8异常克隆的认识.方法针对此例患者进行了病例分析及文献复习.结果该例患者在确诊MDS-伴原始细胞增多的难治性贫血(RAEB)后35个月进展为急性髓性白血病(AML)-M5,同时染色体核型由三体8向四体8演变;向AML转化后患者对化疗耐药,短期内死亡.结论染色体核型演变与MDS病情进展密切相关,四体8克隆由三体8演变而来,四体8的出现与MDS向急性白血病转化有关,是预后不良的因素.     

急性髓细胞白血病表达CD7抗原的临床意义以及与细胞遗传学的相关性

目的：了解急性髓细胞白血病（AML）表达CD7抗原的临床意义以及与细胞遗传学的相关性。方法：对我院诊治的52例AML患者的免疫表型、细胞遗传学以及临床特点进行分析。结果：15例（28．8％）患者的骨髓白血病细胞表达CD7抗原。根据FAB分型,M2（18．5％）和M。型（20％）的CD7^＋率较低。CD7^＋组早期细胞抗原CD34、HLA—DR、CD117的表达率以及老年患者（大于60岁）比例高于CD7^-组,白细胞计数、染色体异常率、肝脾肿大及髓外白血病发生率均低于CD7^-组。CD7^＋组完全缓解（CR）率高于CD7^-组,无病生存期（DFS）短于CD7组,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。70％以上的CD7^＋ AML患者分布在中等预后核型组。随着预后好、预后中等、预后差核型组的变化,AML所有病例、CD7^-组、CD7^＋组的CR率均呈逐渐下降趋势。结论：与CD7^- AML相比,CD7^＋ AML更容易获得CR,可能与低的白细胞计数、低的染色体异常率以及低的肝脾肿大与髓外白血病发生率有关;CD7^＋ AML患者年龄较大或同时表达早期细胞抗原,可能影响DFS。AML无论是否表达CD7抗原,染色体核型是判断预后最重要的因素。     

骨髓增生异常综合征进展为急性髓性白血病伴染色体核型由三体8向四体8演变1例报告并文献复习

目的:通过报告1例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者在疾病进展过程中染色体核型由8号染色体三体型(三体8)向8号染色体四体型(四体8)演变的病例,结合文献复习,提高对MDS疾病进展过程中染色体核型演变及四体8异常克隆的认识。方法:针对此例患者进行了病例分析及文献复习。结果:该例患者在确诊MDS-伴原始细胞增多的难治性贫血(RAEB)后35个月进展为急性髓性白血病(AML)-M5,同时染色体核型由三体8向四体8演变;向AML转化后患者对化疗耐药,短期内死亡。结论:染色体核型演变与MDS病情进展密切相关,四体8克隆由三体8演变而来,四体8的出现与MDS向急性白血病转化有关,是预后不良的因素。     

急性髓系白血病患者预后分组方式的探讨

目的 评价原发、初治急性髓系白血病(AML)患者诱导治疗后不同时间骨髓幼稚细胞比例对预后的影响.将细胞遗传学与诱导治疗后不同时间骨髓幼稚细胞比例相结合,提出新的AML患者预后分组方法.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月1日至2008年2月1日于我院住院的原发、初治AML患者(非M3型)105例,所有患者在诱导化疗结束时(T1)和(或)骨髓抑制期(T2)进行骨髓穿刺检查.有细胞遗传学资料的患者97例.结果 (1)T1或T2时间点105例行骨髓穿刺检查的患者,骨髓幼稚细胞<0.05者和≥0.05者相比,T1时间点完全缓解(CR)率分别为86.0%、47.4%,3年无复发生存(RFS)率分别为46.2%、21.6%,3年总生存率分别为49.7%、25.6%.T2时间点二者CR率分别为86.3%、41.4%,3年RFS率分别为52.4%、18.9%,3年总生存率分别为61.1%、35.2%,差异均有统计学意义.且T1和,12时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例具有相关性.(2)将染色体核型预后中等组患者根据T1或T2时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例分为二组:骨髓幼稚细胞<0.05者和≥0.05者.前者预后与良好组相近,后者预后与不良组相近.(3)多因素分析表明T1或12时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例是AML患者的独立预后因素.T1时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例可能较T2时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例意义更大.结论 以0.05为界,T1或T2时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例是原发、初治AML患者(非M3型)CR率、RFS、总生存的独立预后因素.将染色体核型与T1和(或)T2时间点骨髓幼稚细胞比例相结合分组,可进一步区分中等组患者,有助于评估预后和选择治疗方案.     

正常核型急性髓细胞白血病患者分子水平预后相关因素

急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患者中正常核型者占40％～49％。过去它被划分为预后中等的一组，然而研究发现这组患者的预后存在着相当大的差异，因此，以核型为基础的AML分型并不能让人满意，利用分子水平进一步发现新的预后相关因素。[第一段]     

378例白血病患者染色体核型分析及其临床意义

目的探讨白血病患者染色体改变及其在诊断、治疗及预后判断中的意义。方法采用短期培养法制备骨髓细胞染色体标本,以R显带技术用显微镜对240例急性白血病(AL)患者、138例慢性粒细胞白血病患者(CML)进行常规染色体核型分析,每例患者分析10～20个中期分裂细胞,并动态观察部分患者病程进展中染色体核型的变化。结果 240例AL中核型异常182例,占75.83%,其中单纯数目异常占20.33%(37/182),以多倍体和非整倍体为主;结构异常113例,占62.08%,主要为特异性染色体重排且与分型有关。138例CML患者中Ph染色体阳性(Ph+)127例,占92.03%;其中90.55%(115/127)为典型易位,9.45%(12/127)为变异易位。127例Ph+患者中22例(13.39%)出现额外染色体,加速期和急变期额外染色体的检出率明显高于慢性期(P<0.05)。结论染色体核型分析对白血病的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后判断具有重要意义。     

210例具有11q23染色体异常的急性髓系白血病的临床分析

目的:研究伴11q23染色体异常的成人急性髓系白血病(AML)的形态学、免疫学和临床特征。方法:对210例初治AML患者进行回顾性分析,包括细胞形态学、免疫表型、核型分析和临床资料。结果:13例AML患者存在11q23易位和缺失(发生率为6.19%),其中6例为M5a,4例为M5b,M4Eo、M3和M2各占1例。免疫表型检测显示伴11q23异常的患者除了高表达造血干/祖细胞标志分子CD34和CD117等外,通常高表达单核系统相关抗原,如CD14、CD15和CD11b。伴11q23异常组的化疗完全缓解率与正常核型对照组无明显差异(P>0.05),但无病生存期低于正常核型对照组(P<0.01)。结论:伴11q23异常的AML占所有AML的6.19%,似与单核细胞的分化阻滞相关,临床预后不良。     

Pretreatment risk factors and importance of comorbidity for overall survival, complete remission, and early death in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

The objective of this single-center study was to determine the pretreatment risk factors and influence of comorbidity on outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The research involved 145 patients with AML during a 58-month follow-up period. The results suggest that the most significant predictor of poor overall survival (OS) is an adverse karyotype (P = 0.007), while for poor rate of complete remission (CR) it is age ≥55 years, and for early death the most significant predictor is comorbidity, as scored by the Hematopoetic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), P = 0.001. When we divided the patients into two groups: aged ≥55 years and aged <55 years, these predictors differed. In the group aged ≥55 years the most significant predictor of OS (P = 0.013) and for early death (P = 0.003) was HCT-CI (P = 0.013), while in the younger group it was karyotype (P < 0.001). The most significant predictor of CR in the elderly was increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = 0.045). In the younger patients, the most significant predictor of CR was leukocytosis (P = 0.001) and for early death it was infection as the comorbidity (P = 0.007). We point out the importance of comorbidity for OS and early death, as well as the impact of infection in patients with AML.     

70岁及以上患者冠状动脉无保护左主干病变支架置入术后的随访研究

目的 观察年龄70岁及以上患者无保护左主干病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的近期和长期临床随访结果。 方法 回顾性分析100例无保护左主干病变行药物洗脱支架置入患者临床资料,比较年龄70～90岁组(52例)和37～69岁组(48例)的病死率、心肌梗死、再次血运重建及其综合终点。 结果 两组危险因素、血管病变及置入支架等基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。70～90岁组和37～69岁组手术成功率分别为96.2％(50例)与97.9％（47例）,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.75,P＞0.05),住院病死率分别为3.8％（2例）与2.1％（1例）,差异无统计学意义（x2 =0.27,P＞0.05）。两组平均随访时间分别为（22.0±2.5）个月与（23.0±11.7）个月,差异无统计学意义（t=-0.78,P＞0.05）。随访期间70～90岁与37～69岁组病死率、心肌梗死、再次PCI分别为3.8％（2例）与2.1％（1例）、7.7％（4例）与4.2％（2例）和13.5％（7例）与12.5％(6例),差异无统计学意义（x2值分别为2.51、0.55、0.02,均P＞0.05）,死亡、心肌梗死及再次血运重建综合终点分别为30.8％（16例）与18.8％（9例）,差异无统计学意义(x2= 1.92,P＞0.05)。 结论 70岁及以上患者冠状动脉无保护左主干病变药物洗脱支架置入手术成功率高,长期随访安全有效。     

Submicroscopic deletions at 7q region are associated with recurrent chromosome abnormalities in acute leukemia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q) has been frequently reported in several types of human cancer including hematologic malignancies. Moreover, monosomy of chromosome 7 and 7q deletions have been associated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a panel of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers at bands 7q21-q36, we investigated fifty patients (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], n=33 and acute lymphoid leukemia [ALL], n=17) for LOH, a hallmark of possible involvement of tumor suppressor genes. In parallel, the same acute leukemia (AL) cases were studied by conventional cytogenetics. RESULTS: A total of 48 spots of allelic loss were observed in 16 (32%) out of 50 patients (AML, n=11 and ALL, n=5). Among LOH+ve cases 3 showed chromosome 7 monosomies, whereas no cytogenetically detectable abnormalities were observed in chromosome 7 in the remaining 13. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Comparison with karyotypic results indicated that presence of LOH at 7q21-q36 was significantly associated with other chromosomal aberrations. In fact, an altered karyotype was detectable in 87% of LOH+ve and in 52% of LOH(-ve) AL cases (p=0.024). In addition, LOH at 7q was prevalently associated with unfavorable cytogenetic lesions (p=0.013). Our study represents the first report of a significant association between LOH and recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in AL patients suggesting that the 7q21-q36, region may be an unstable area prone to chromosome breakage in patients with an abnormal karyotype.     

早期分化抗原在急性白血病中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨CD3 4 、CD90 及CD13 3 在急性白血病 (AL)中的表达及其意义。方法　采用三色直接免疫荧光法测定 76例AL患者白血病细胞膜上CD3 4 、CD90 及CD13 3 抗原的表达 ,半定量RT PCR方法测定CD13 3 mRNA的表达。结果　 (1)AL患者的CD3 4 及CD13 3 表达高于正常对照组(46 37%、0 4 7% )、(2 1 93%、0 2 9% ) ,P值均 <0 0 1;但CD90 的表达二者间差异无统计学意义(0 5 1%、0 2 5 % ) ,P >0 0 5 ;AL、对照组的CD13 3 抗原表达均与CD13 3 mRNA表达相一致。 (2 )急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)的CD90 阳性率高于急性髓细胞白血病 (AML) (P <0 0 5 ) ,B ALL的CD3 4 阳性率高于T ALL(P <0 0 5 )。AML中M4的CD13 3 阳性率最高 (P <0 0 1)。 (3)CD3 4 及CD13 3 阳性组AL的HLA DR阳性率显著高于阴性组 (79 1%、32 0 % ;82 8%、4 6 2 % ) ,P值均 <0 0 1;CD 3 4 AML的CD13 3 阳性率高于阴性组 (P <0 0 1) ,但两组之间CD90 阳性率差异无统计学意义。 (4)CD3 4 、CD90 及CD13 3 表达与AL的细胞或分子遗传学异常等临床预后因素无明显关系。 (5 )CD3 4 、CD90 及CD13 3 阳性组的完全缓解率及总反应率低于阴性组 ,但仅有CD3 4 /CD13 3 双阳性组完全缓解率低于双阴性组差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论     

Pretreatment risk factors and importance of comorbidity for overall survival,complete remission,and early death in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

The objective of this single-center study was to determine the pretreatment risk factors and influence of comorbidity on outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The research involved 145 patients with AML during a 58-month follow-up period. The results suggest that the most significant predictor of poor overall survival (OS) is an adverse karyotype (P = 0.007), while for poor rate of complete remission (CR) it is age ≥55 years, and for early death the most significant predictor is comorbidity, as scored by the Hematopoetic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), P = 0.001. When we divided the patients into two groups: aged ≥55 years and aged <55 years, these predictors differed. In the group aged ≥55 years the most significant predictor of OS (P = 0.013) and for early death (P = 0.003) was HCT-CI (P = 0.013), while in the younger group it was karyotype (P < 0.001). The most significant predictor of CR in the elderly was increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = 0.045). In the younger patients, the most significant predictor of CR was leukocytosis (P = 0.001) and for early death it was infection as the comorbidity (P = 0.007). We point out the importance of comorbidity for OS and early death, as well as the impact of infection in patients with AML.     

急性髓细胞白血病患者NPM1与FLT3基因突变的研究

目的 探讨急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患者中NPM1基因与FLT3基因内部串联重复（ITD）突变的发生率,并了解其临床特征及预后。方法 收集86例成人AML患者初诊时骨髓单个核细胞,采用基因组DNA-PCR方法分别扩增其NPM1和FLT3基因,毛细管电泳方法分析NPM1第12外显子突变,琼脂糖电泳分析FLT3-ITD突变,随访判断其预后。结果 86例AML患者中共检出NPM1基因突变29例（33．7％）,FLT3-ITD突变15例（17,4％）。两种突变在50例染色体正常核型AML中的发生率分别为46．0％和24．0％,明显高于异常核型AML患者。7例中6例NPM1^＋／FLT3-ITD^＋双阳性AML患者表现为正常核型,外周血白细胞均〉50×10^9几。单纯NPM1^＋或FLT3-ITD^＋AML患者初诊时也表现为高白细胞（P〈0.05）,NPM1^＋AML患者CD34表达率较低（P〈0．001）、临床完全缓解（CR）率略高（66.7％、53.3％,P〉0.05）、总生存率（OS）高（P〉0.05）;而FLT3-ITD^＋AML患者CR率略低（50．0％、58．8％,P〉0.05）、OS低（P〉0.05）。NPM1^＋／FLT3-ITD^-、NPM^-／FLT3-ITD^-、NPM^＋／FLT3-ITD^＋、NPM1-／FLT3-ITD^＋四组患者的CR率分别为66．7％、62．5％、50．0％、42．9％（P〉0．05）,各组间OS差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 NPM1和FLT3-ITD突变是AML（尤其正常核型AML）患者常见的分子学异常,且与其临床特点、疗效及预后有一定相关性。     

形态学、免疫学、细胞遗传学联合检测诊断急性白血病的临床意义

为探讨形态学、免疫学、细胞遗传学联合检测对急性白血病(AL)诊断、治疗、预后判断等方面的临床意义，对初诊为AL的39例患者分别进行了骨髓细胞形态学、免疫学及染色体检测。并按照FAB标准进行形态学(组织化学染色)分型；采用间接免疫荧光法标记活细胞膜表面分化抗原(CD)进行免疫学分型；采用24小时培养法制备染色体标本，G带显示法进行染色体检查。结果：39例患者经形态学检查确诊为AL，其中急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)8例，急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)29例，2例难以分型；免疫学诊断为ALL8例(其中2例伴髓系抗原表达)，ANLL29例(其中4例伴淋巴细胞抗原表达)，2例形态学难以分型者，诊断为急性杂合性白血病。免疫学与形态学分型符合率94．9％(37／39)。39例中染色体核型异常18例。本研究结果还显示，经临床治疗后染色体复杂畸形者缓解率低，正常核型及某些染色体核型[如t(15；17)]者缓解率较高。认为形态学、免疫学、细胞遗传学联合检测可提高AL诊断的准确性，有助于制定治疗方案及判断预后。     

Clinical features of adult acute leukemia with 11q23 abnormalities in Japan: a co-operative multicenter study

To clarify the clinical features of adult patients with acute leukemia (AL) with 11q23 abnormalities, we performed a retrospective analysis of data from 58 adult Japanese patients: 51 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 7 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The incidences according to fusion partners in AML were: t(9;11), 31.3%; t(11;19), 27.4%; t(6;11), 21.5%. The incidence of patients with t(11;19) was higher than those in the US and Europe, and the incidence of t(4;11) was lower than that in childhood. The results indicated the poor prognosis of AML with 11q23 abnormalities regardless of the fusion partners. AML patients with 11q23 aged <60 years in the first CR who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) showed a more favorable outcome than those treated without allo-HSCT, although the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.322 for DFS, P = 0.138 for OS). This result suggests that treatment strategies including allo-HSCT may be considered in the first CR in cases of AML with 11q23 abnormalities. However, further studies involving a large number of cases are required to assess the effect of allo-HSCT on adult AL with 11q23 abnormalities.