电磁导航交锁髓内钉在胫骨干骨折中的应用

目的对电磁导航交锁髓内钉技术在胫骨干骨折中的应用的可行性与优势进行评价。方法笔者自2013-07—2015-11在电磁导航下闭合复位远端锁钉内固定治疗12例胫骨干骨折。结果本组均成功地完成了髓内钉闭合复位手术,本组12例远端24枚锁钉均在电磁导航下完成远端锁钉置入,远端锁定一次性成功率达100%,胫骨干髓内钉远端锁钉耗时8~14(11.03±1.78)min;比较在透视下徒手锁钉和使用普通瞄准器锁钉的用时明显减少。结论在电磁导航下行胫骨髓内钉远端锁钉置入效果满意,与普通交锁髓内钉远端锁钉置入相比有手术时间短、定位精确、对患者创伤小的优势。     

磁力导航下交锁髓内钉的远端螺钉锁定

目的 对磁力导航技术应用于交锁髓内钉远端锁钉的固定效果进行分析和评价。方法 30例股骨干骨折中，交锁髓内钉置入后，在磁力导航下完成远端交锁螺钉的固定。结果 30例均完成交锁髓内钉的远端锁钉，一次钻孔、锁钉成功率达100％。结论 磁力导航技术用于交锁髓内钉的远端锁钉有操作简便、定位准确、手术时间短、并发症少等优点。     

一种预防股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉失交锁的方法

目前股骨交锁髓内钉用于固定股骨干骨折已被广大骨科医师所认可.但交锁髓内钉远端锁钉失交锁现象仍频繁出现.虽然有很多方法可矫正远端锁钉失交锁,却存在C型臂X线机透视时间长或远端打孔较多等缺点.     

“穿针器技术”徒手植入交锁髓内钉远端锁钉

目的报道一种新的徒手植入交锁髓内钉远端锁钉的方法。方法 2016年8月至2019年4月共137例骨干骨折患者行闭合复位髓内钉内固定术,其中股骨骨折54例,胫骨骨折83例,术中均采用"穿针器技术"植入交锁髓内钉远端锁钉。结果本组137例患者均成功应用"穿针器"技术置入髓内钉远端锁钉,置钉过程中无须行正位透视。胫骨骨折患者髓内钉固定的手术时间为53～75 min,平均(65.3±10.7)min;股骨骨折患者髓内钉固定时间为62～84 min,平均(73.9±13.1)min。远端2枚横行锁钉植入时间为5～16 min,平均(11.5±1.8)min。术中累计透视时间为8.3～21.6 s,平均(11.3±2.5)s。本组患者均获随访,随访时间6～12个月,所有患者均未出现远端锁钉断裂、拔出,切口感染以及骨折等。结论 "穿针器技术"操作简单,易于重复,无须辅助器械及辐射防护,是一种快速、安全、简单的徒手植入交锁髓内钉远端锁钉的技术。     

静力型交锁髓内钉动力化治疗下肢骨干骨折延迟愈合

目的 探讨静力型交锁髓内钉动力化治疗下肢骨干骨折延迟愈合的效果。方法 对27例骨折应用静力型交锁髓内钉固定后的股骨和胫骨骨干延迟愈合患者，行近侧或远侧锁钉取出术进行动力化治疗。其中股骨干延迟愈合17例，胫骨干延迟愈合10例。结果 随访7—48个月，平均19．5个月。术后3—7个月(平均3．3个月)获临床愈合。无感染、断钉、关节损伤和内固定取出后再骨折。结论 静力型改为动力型是治疗交锁髓内钉固定后股骨和胫骨骨干延迟愈合的有效方法。应用时注意选择适当的手术时机，选择取出锁钉也要得当。     

瞄准器引导股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉的再认识

[目的]分析瞄准器引导下股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因，以提高远端锁钉成功率。[方法]用配备远端瞄准器的股骨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折297例（301侧股骨），髓内钉301枚，国产钉216枚，进口钉85枚；粉碎性骨折108例，非粉碎性骨折189例；其中4例双侧股骨干骨折；均采取静力型固定，远近端各2枚锁钉。[结果]301枚股骨交锁髓内钉有288枚远端锁钉一次成功，有13枚初次锁钉未成功，一次锁钉成功率为95．7％。[结论]股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因是多方面的，要提高远端锁钉一次成功率，必须重视包括术前准备在内的各个环节。     

斜位透视置入远端锁钉在股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术中的临床应用

目的探讨斜位透视置人远端锁钉在股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术中的临床应用疗效。方法对使用交锁髓内钉固定的股骨干骨折96例进行回顾性分析,均采用斜位透视法置人远端锁钉,通过对透视次数、远端锁定时间、术中出血量进行研究。结果所有手术远端锁钉均一次锁定成功,透视次数、远端锁定时间及出血量均明显减少。结论斜位透视置入股骨干髓内钉远端锁钉方法简单,快速有效,值得临床推广应用。     

计算机导航下交锁髓内钉的远端螺钉交锁

目的报道计算机导航技术应用于交锁髓内钉远端交锁螺钉固定效果。方法6例股骨、4例胫腓骨骨折，交锁髓内钉置入后，只需要一次C臂X线机透视定位，存计算机导航下完成远端交锁螺钉的固定。结果10例全部在导航下完成交锁髓内钉的远端交锁，平均透视时间为10s。结论计算机导航手术用于交锁髓内钉的远端固定十分有效，可避免机械引导器的误差。     

股骨髁上逆向交锁髓内钉在股骨远端骨折中的应用

介绍用股骨髁上逆向交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的方法与优点。方法 应用股骨髁上逆向交锁髓内钉治疗２９例患者（３０个股骨）。结论 股骨髁上逆向交锁钉的应用扩大了髓内钉手术适应证,具有操作简便,固定牢靠,锁钉定位准确等优点,是治疗股骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

国产带瞄准器交锁髓内钉远端锁钉准确性研究

目的 分析瞄准器引导下交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因,以提高远端锁钉成功率.方法 自2000年2月至2006年6月拆除有瞄准器的国产股骨交锁髓内钉56根,胫骨交锁髓内钉80根;均采取静力型固定,远近端各2枚锁钉.观察其远端髓内钉钻痕的情况,以分析瞄准器的远端锁钉准确性.结果 本组研究发现瞄准器第一次锁钉的成功率不高,股骨髓内钉瞄准器第一次锁钉的成功率为36%,胫骨髓内钉瞄准器第一次锁钉的成功率为65%.结论 交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因是多方面的.要提高远端锁钉一次成功率,必须重视瞄准器定位孔偏移问题.     

磁力导航髓内钉小切口微创治疗胫骨干骨折

目的探讨磁力导航髓内钉小切口微创治疗胫骨干骨折的临床效果。方法 2008年8月至2010年2月我院对收治的32例胫骨干骨折患者,实施了骨折闭合复位或小切口切开复位磁力导航带锁髓内钉内固定手术。结果闭合复位成功12例,小切口开放复位20例,锁定钉远端一次性锁定30例,成功率93.8%。髌韧带内侧切口平均长度3.1 cm,骨折端切口平均长度2.6 cm。无感染及切开皮肤坏死病例。随访28例,平均随访6.3个月,骨折平均愈合时间为2.8个月,无骨折不愈合及髓内钉松动断裂。功能按Johner-Wruhs评定标准进行评价,优20例,良7例,中1例,优良率96.4%。结论磁力导航髓内钉小切口微创治疗胫骨干骨折锁钉定位准确,损伤小,疗效好,优于传统髓内钉内固定技术。     

逆行髓内钉结合植骨治疗肱骨中远段骨折术后不愈合

[目的]探讨肱骨干中远段骨折内固定术后不愈合的原因及对策。[方法]2000年1月～2005年1月治疗肱骨干中远段骨折内固定术后不愈合27例，取出原有内固定后应用逆行髓内钉结合植骨治疗。[结果]随访6～32个月，平均16个月。骨折均愈合，患肢关节功能恢复良好，无伤口感染、髓内钉断裂及肱骨远端骨折等并发症。[结论]逆行髓内钉结合植骨是治疗肱骨干中远段骨折内固定术后不愈合的一种有效方法。     

Fresh femoral shaft fractures treated with un-reamed intramedullary nail: 203 cases

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the experience treating fresh femoral shaft fractures with un-reamed intramedullary nail. METHODS: 203 cases of fresh femoral shaft fractures who had been treated with un-reamed intramedullary nail from November. 1995 to January. 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. 18 cases were open, classified as Gustilo I, and. 185 cases were closed. Traction table and image intensifier were used during operation. Closed reduction, un-reamed and free hand distal locking technique were used. Active movements of nearby joints were encouraged and partial weight bearing of 10 - 15 kg were allowed right after operation. RESULTS: All 203 cases of fresh femoral shaft fractures got bone union within 4 - 6 months. No case of delayed union and infection happened. 1 distal locking screw was broken. All patients gained normal extremity functions. CONCLUSION: Un-reamed intramedullary nailing of fresh femoral shaft fracture has less damage to the local soft tissue and blood supply. It has a relative stable fracture fixation, and less interruption to the healing procedure. It is one of the best methods for treating femoral fracture.     

Distal locking of femoral nails under direct vision through a cortical window

We present a salvage technique for distal femoral interlocking under direct vision through a window in the anterior femoral cortex in a subgroup of six patients, among those presented to our institution during the last 10 years with a femoral shaft fracture treated with reamed, locked intramedullary nailing. The common characteristic of these patients was the performance of distal locking under direct vision through a small window in the anterior femoral cortex because of intraoperative dysfunction of the image intensifier. Screw insertion was successful in all cases. All fractures and all cortical windows healed uneventfully. No postoperative fractures occurred through the cortical defect. This technique, despite being a salvage one, has proven a safe alternative to the common distal targeting techniques. It can be used when an image intensifier is unavailable without jeopardizing the excellent clinical and radiographic outcome of reamed locked nailing of femoral shaft fractures.     

A foolproof technique for lock-check and distal locking in interlock nailing

Interlocked nailing as a treatment modality for long bones' fracture is one of the most widely performed orthopedic surgeries. Closed locked nailing is also the gold standard method of treating femoral and tibial shaft fractures. But the most variable factor in this procedure is distal locking. It may sometimes be time consuming and involve radiation exposure. The freehand technique for distal locking of intramedullary nails is plagued with dependence on an image intensifier which may not be available at all centers especially in developing countries like ours. Also, the radiation and operative time increase with this method.Hence, there is a need to develop a radiation safe and sound method in this green world to decrease carbon emissions to replace/supplement freehand distal locking techniques. “Tak-Tak” method described here decreases our dependence on the image intensifier and in addition improves accuracy when using aiming jigs.     

磁力导航交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折

目的评价磁力导航交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折的疗效,并与普通交锁髓内钉疗效进行比较。方法将60例胫骨干骨折患者随机分为两组：A组30例,使用磁力导航交锁髓内钉治疗;B组30例,使用普通交锁髓内钉治疗。记录两组远端2枚锁钉锁定成功时间,一次性锁定成功率。对两组分别就其平均手术时间、骨折平均愈合时间、HSSkneeratingscore法评定功能的各项指标进行比较分析。结果远端2枚锁钉锁定成功时间：A组（7．9±3．7）min,B组（18．1±4．8）rain,两组差异有统计学意义（t=15．78,P〈0．05）;一次性锁定成功率：A组97％,B组78％．两组差异有统计学意义（t=10．01,P〈0．05）;A组骨折延迟愈合1例,骨折短缩移位1例;B组断钉1例,伤口浅表感染l例,骨折延迟愈合3例。两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症及HSSkneeratingscore法评定功能恢复优良率比较,差异有统计学意义（t=17．32,14．75,7．46,P〈0．05）。结论磁力导航交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折疗效满意,与普通交锁髓内钉比较有定位准确、手术时间短、创伤小的优势。     

Fluoroscopic guidance versus surgical navigation for distal locking of intramedullary implants. A prospective, controlled clinical study

A prospective controlled clinical study was performed to compare fluoroscopic guidance with fluoroscopy-based surgical navigation for distal locking of intramedullary implants. Forty-two patients with fractures of the lower extremity treated by intramedullary nailing were divided in two groups: distal locking either with fluoroscopic guidance (group I) or with surgical navigation (group II). The average fluoroscopic time to insert one interlocking screw with fluoroscopic guidance was 108 s compared with 7.3s in the navigation group. The average procedure time to insert one interlocking screw in group I was 13.7 min compared with 17.9 min in group II. The drill bit failed to pass through the interlocking hole in one patient from group II. There was no significant difference in the technical reliability between both groups. Fluoroscopic times to achieve equivalent precision are reduced with fluoroscopy-based surgical navigation compared with fluoroscopic guidance. Fluoroscopy-based surgical navigation is recommended for intraoperative guidance in situations where reduction of exposure to radiation is considered advantageous over the increase of procedure time.     

Computer-assisted auto-frame navigation system for distal locking of tibial intramedullary nails： a preliminary report on clinical application

Objective: To evaluate the clinical feasibility and effect of the computer-assisted auto-frame navigation system for distal locking of tibial intramedullary nails. Methods: The hardware components of the system included a PC computer with a monitor, auto mechanical stereotactical locating cubic frame, foot holder and localization operative apparatus. Special navigation software can be used for registration of X-ray fluoroscopic images and real-tune controlling navigation of tools. Twenty-one cases of close tibial and fibular fractures were treated with closed intramedullary nailing, 6 of which involved in middle third, 12 in middle and lower third, 3 in lower third. C-arm alignment and registration time, fluoroscopic time and drilling time involved in the locking procedure were recorded. The size of unreamed or reamed tibial nails ranged from 8/300-11/330. Results: All distal holes except 1 were locked successfuUy. In 9 of 41 locked holes (21.95%), the drill bit touched the canal of locking hole without damage of the nail and clinical consequences. The fluoroscopy time per pair of screws was 2.23 s±0.31 s . Conclusions: The computer-assisted auto-frame navigation system for distal locking is well designed, easy to operate and do not need additional instruments during the procedure. The developed system enables the physician to precisely navigate surgical instruments throughout the anatomy using just a few computer-calibrated radiographic images. The total time of x-ray exposure per procedure can be significantly reduced.     

医用机器人及计算机辅助导航手术系统在胫骨髓内钉手术中的设计与应用

目的以胫骨骨折闭合复位、带锁髓内钉手术为研究对象，开发医用机器人及计算机辅助导航手术系统，总结该系统的临床应用经验，优化系统的结构设计，评价系统的临床应用效果。方法应用机器人双目视觉空间定位技术，进行医用机器人的模块化、小型化、实用化结构设计，开发医用机器人及计算机辅助导航手术系统；对胫骨骨折进行机器人辅助复位、计算机辅助导航定位髓内钉置入；临床应用于30例闭合胫、腓骨骨折（胫骨中1／3骨折8例、胫骨中下1／3骨折17例、胫骨远1／3骨折5例；其中斜螺旋骨折16例，蝶形骨折5例，粉碎、多段骨折9例）。受伤至手术的平均时间为36h。记录总手术时间、系统连接建立时间、骨折闭合复位所需X线透视时间（C型臂透视次数）、每个远端锁定螺钉置入所需要的透视时间（C型臂透视次数）。髓内钉型号大小8／310～11／330。结果30例手术均按照机器人及计算机导航系统的预定程序，规划完成，但关键的操作（髓内钉入点置入、远端锁钉锁孔）是在机械臂精确定位的辅助下，由术者亲自完成。总手术时间平均为77min（46～110min）；系统连接建立时间5min（3～7min）；骨折闭合复位所需X线透视时间10．1s（7．0～18．0s），C型臂透视次数12次（9～21次）；每个远端锁定螺钉置入所需的透视时间2．9s（2．2～6．9s），C型臂透视次数7次（5～16次），并且所有远端锁孔均一次锁定成功。结论医用机器人及计算机辅助导航手术系统设计合理，系统的基本功能可满足胫骨带锁髓内钉手术中骨折闭合复位、锁钉准确置人、患肢牢靠固定的要求；系统结构安装简便、易于掌握，人机接口方便、安全，对于未来在创伤骨科发展智能化、微创化、数字化手术具有重要意义。