精神分裂症患者立体定向手术前后神经元特异性烯醇化酶的改变

目的 :探讨立体定向术对Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者脑脊液 (CSF)及血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)的影响。方法 :应用立体定向术对 38例难治性精神分裂症患者进行治疗 ;酶联免疫吸附法测定手术前后患者CSF及血清中NSE浓度。结果 :Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者组手术前CSF和血清中NSE水平 (1 3.4 0± 4 .36 μg·L-1 ,1 6 .0 8± 5 .4 9μg·L-1 )显著高于对照组 (6 .95± 2 .38μg·L-1 ,1 1 .6 3± 3.87μg·L-1 )及Ⅰ型精神分裂症患者组 (7.4 9± 2 .35 μg·L-1 ,2 .4 2± 4 .2 8μg·L-1 ) ;手术后CSF及血清的NSE浓度(8.1 3± 2 .36 μg·L-1 ,1 2 .95± 3.6 8μg·L-1 )较手术前显著下降 (P <0 .0 1 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;Ⅱ型患者组CSF和血清NSE水平的变化呈明显正相关 (y =0 .883x +3.2 1 ,r=0 .4 0 1 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :CSF和血清NSE水平测定对Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者的诊断有重要意义 ,立体定向手术可降低Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者CSF及血清的NSE浓度 ,对精神分裂症的治疗有重要价值     

高效毛细管电泳法测定注射用头孢他啶的含量

目的　用HPCE测定注射用头孢他啶的含量。方法　高效毛细管电泳法 ,有效毛细管长度 6 0cm×内径 75 μm ;硼砂缓冲液 2 5mmol·L-1(pH8.2 ) ,高压进样 5s,分离电压 2 0KV ,温度为 2 5℃ ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm ,头孢曲松为内标。结果　头孢他啶在4～ 2 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9997) ,平均回收率为 98.96 % (n =5 ,RSD =1.74 % )。结论　本法简单、快捷、灵敏。     

高效液相色谱法测定左氧氟沙星血药浓度

目的　建立测定左氧氟沙星血药浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法　色谱柱为YWG -C18柱 (10 μm ,2 0 0mm× 5mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 - 0 .5mol·L-1溴化四丁基铵 (10∶10∶80∶4 ) ,磷酸调pH3.5 ;流速 1.0ml/min ,紫外检测波长 2 94nm。以替硝唑为内标 ,血样用乙酸乙酯萃取。结果　血清中左氧氟沙星浓度在 0 .0 5～ 4 .0mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .99996 )。高、中、低 3个浓度的日内RSD <5 % ,日间RSD <6 %。平均回收率 99.33%± 4 .6 8% ,最低检测浓度 0 .0 2 5mg·L-1。结论　本方法简便 ,准确 ,精密度好 ,适用于临床药物动力学研究     

氯霉素滴眼液的稳定性研究

目的　测定不同储存条件下氯霉素滴眼液的稳定性。方法　高效液相色谱法 ,采用ZORBAXTM -C18色谱柱 (4 .6×15 0mm) ,粒径 5 μm ;流动相 :0 .0 1mol·L-1NaH2 PO4-甲醇 -乙腈 (30 0∶16 0∶4 0 ,加三乙胺 0 .5ml,用磷酸调pH3.0 ) ,流速 :1.0ml/min ,检测波长 :2 78nm ,内标法峰高定量。结果　氯霉素在 10～ 5 0 μg·ml-1范围内 ,其浓度与峰高比呈良好的线性关系 ,回归方程为Y =0 .0 30 398X +0 .0 5 10 8,r =0 .9995。平均回收率为 10 0 .2 5 % ,RSD为 0 .94 %。结论　氯霉素滴眼液宜冰箱冷藏保存 ,贮存时间一年。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中格列吡嗪的浓度

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定人血清中格列吡嗪的浓度。方法　采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,以甲苯磺丁脲为内标 ,经Diamonsil-C18(4 .6mm× 2 0 0mm ,5mm)色谱柱分离 ,流动相为 0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢铵缓冲液 (pH3.5 ) -乙腈 (5 7∶4 3) ,流速为 1.0ml/min ;二极管阵列检测器 (DAD)检测波长为 2 75nm。 2 0名志愿者口服格列吡嗪 (10mg)片后 ,测定不同时间血清内格列吡嗪的浓度。结果　在 2 5～ 16 0 0 μg·L-1浓度范围内 ,格列吡嗪和内标峰高的比值与浓度呈良好的线性关系 (r =0 .9998) ;格列吡嗪平均回收率为 10 0 .5 % ,日内、日间RSD均小于 5 % ;平均萃取回收率为 87.8%。结论　方法简便、快速准确、重现性好 ,可用于药代动力学及生物等效性研究     

健康志愿者单剂量口服甲磺酸加替沙星胶囊的药代动力学研究

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定血浆中加替沙星的药物浓度 ,研究其在人体内的药动学特征。方法　采用Shim packCLC ODSC1 8色谱分析柱 (1 5 0mm× 6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 -水 -十二烷基硫酸钠 (5 0 0ml∶5 0 0ml∶3.5g) ,磷酸调pH =3.0 ;流速1 .0ml/min ;检测波长为 2 92nm。结果　本测定方法的线性范围为 0 .1 5～ 9.92 μg·ml-1 ,r =0 .999,最低检出浓度为 2 0ng·ml-1(按信噪比≥ 3计 ) ,方法平均回收率为 96 .4 0 %～ 97.2 1 % (n =6 ) ,日内RSD在 1 .0 2 %～ 5 .5 6 %之间 ,日间RSD在 1 .6 4 %～ 7.34%之间。药动学研究表明 ,加替沙星体内过程符合一级吸收的一室开放模型 ,Tmax　、Cmax　、T1 / 2 (Ke)　　、AUC(0 -2 4h) 　分别为 (1 .6 0 4± 0 .4 1 9)h、(3.71 5± 0 .4 2 4 ) μg·ml-1 、(6 .1 4 2± 0 .6 84 )h、(36 .5 6 8± 5 .5 2 2 ) μg·h·ml-1 。结论　口服甲磺酸加替沙星胶囊每次4 0 0mg,每日 1次的给药方案 ,在人体内可达到有效血药浓度。本方法准确快速 ,适用于加替沙星的药动学研究及临床血药浓度监测。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法同时测定川芎中阿魏酸和腺苷的含量

目的　建立胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定阿魏酸和腺苷含量。方法　用未涂层石英毛细管 5 0 μmi.d .× 5 6cm ,长度 4 7.5cm ;6 5mmol·L-1硼砂和 8mmol·L-1去氧胆酸钠 (pH9.5 ) ,并含有 5 %甲醇的缓冲液为电泳介质 ;操作电压 2 8kV ;毛细管柱温2 2℃ ;检测波长 :2 10nm。结果　阿魏酸和腺苷分别在 2 0～ 32 0、10～ 16 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r>0 .999) ;平均回收率分别为 99.0 %和 10 1% ;RSD在 6 %以内 (n =5 )。结论　胶束电动毛细管色谱法可用于川芎中阿魏酸和腺苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中二种组分的含量

目的　建立HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中尼泊金乙酯及尼泊金甲酯含量的方法。方法　以ODSHypersil(5 μm ,2 0 0mm× 4 .6mm)为色谱柱 ,0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (KH2 PO4)溶液 -甲醇 -磷酸 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .4 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 5 5nm。结果　一次进样即可完成两种组分的含量分析 ,线性范围 :尼泊金乙酯为 3.0 2 4～ 30 .2 4 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999) ;尼泊金甲酯为1.0 2 2～ 10 .2 2 μg·ml-1(r=0 .9999)。平均回收率为 :尼泊金乙酯 99.4 5 % ,RSD =0 .4 8% (n =6 ) ;尼泊金甲酯 99.6 7% ,RSD=0 .72 % (n =6 )。结论　本方法快速、准确 ,分离度好。可用于该醇溶液中两种组份的含量测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定三种常用抗癫痫药血清浓度

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定苯巴比妥 (PBB)、苯妥英钠 (PHT)和卡马西平 (CBZ)三种抗癫痫药的血清浓度。方法　以YWG -C18为分离色谱柱 ,苯乙酮为内标 ,甲醇 -水 (4 7∶5 3)为流动相 ,流速 1.0ml/min ,柱温 35℃ ,检测波长2 0 5nm。结果　PBB、PHT、CBZ分离良好 ,线性范围分别为 5 .0 0～ 75 .0 0、2 .0 0～ 4 0 .0 0、1.2 3～ 19.6 8μg·ml-1;血清最低检测浓度分别为 1.5 0、0 .80、0 .5 0 μg·ml-1;平均回收率分别为 94 .2 0 %、91.94 %、92 .32 % ;日内、日间RSD均小于 5 %。结论　本法简便灵敏、准确可靠、经济 ,可用于临床常用抗癫痫药物的血药浓度监测。     

HPLC法测定七子二仙胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法测定七子二仙胶囊中淫羊藿苷含量的方法。方法　样品经 70 %乙醇超声提取 ,SpherisorbC18色谱柱 ,0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸盐 (用盐酸调节pH值至 3.0± 0 .1) -甲醇 (5 9∶4 0 )为流动相 ;检测波长为 2 70nm。结果　淫羊藿苷的线性范围为 1～ 30 0 μg·ml-1,r =0 .9996 ,最低检测浓度 0 .2 μg·ml-1,平均加样回收率 96 .6 % (n =5 )。结论　方法可靠 ,可用于七子二仙胶囊质量控制。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).