两种不同抗原在幽门螺杆菌临床诊断中的比较

采用Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ２００凝胶层析和酸性甘氨酸提取法，制备了两组不同的ＨＰ抗原，并分别以此为包被抗原，用ＳＰＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测了经临床生物学特性鉴定，确定为ＨＰ感染的阳性标本２６例，阴性标本１８例。结果以Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ２００凝胶层析和酸性甘氨酸提取的抗原，对ＨＰ感染的阳性检出率分别为９２％和６２％。提示以Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ２００凝胶层析提纯的抗原，在幽门螺杆菌临床诊断中的特异性明显     

4种幽门螺杆菌感染的检测对消化不良患者的诊断

目的研究4种不同幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染检测方法对消化不良患者的诊断价值。方法采集75例消化不良患者的胃黏膜活检标本及血清标本。活检标本经处理后，分别进行快速脲酶试验（RUT）、W—S银染色和HP培养；采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法）检测血清标本HPCagA-IgG抗体。结果RUT法显示54例HP阳性（72％）；培养法21例阳性（28％）；W-S银染色发现15例阳性（20％）。ELISA法检测血清标本HPCagA—IgG抗体发现57例阳性（76％）。结论ELISA法检测血清标本HP CagA—IgG抗体，可作为诊断消化不良患者HP感染的过筛试验，而培养法为诊断HP感染的金标准。     

粪便抗原检测对幽门螺杆菌感染的诊断价值

目的：研究幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原（HpSA）检测诊断幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的临床应用价值。方法：采用ELISA法检测98例因上消化道症状接受胃镜检查病人的HpSA,同时进行细菌培养,快速尿素酶试验和^14C－尿素呼气试验检查。将后三项检查中二项阳性或细菌培养一项阳性作为诊断HP感染的金标准。结果：金标准诊断HP感染,阳性54例,阴性44例。金标准阳性的54例中,HpSA检测阳性为51例,阴性为3例;金标准阴性的44例中,HpSA检测阴性为42例,阳性为2例。HpSA检测诊断HP感染的敏感度94．4％（51／54）,特异度95．5％（42／44）,准确度94．9％（93／98）,阳性预测值96．2％（51／53）,阴性预测值93．3％（42／45）。结论：HpSA检测有较高的敏感性和特异性,是一种简便可靠,非侵入性的诊断HP感染的方法,易于临床推广。     

残胃炎、残胃癌与缨门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的：为了研究残胃炎、残胃癌与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系。方法：采用Warthin-Starry染色法对62例术后胃标本和158例残胃粘膜进行检测，Warthin-Starry染色阳性定为HP感染。结果：手术后胃标本HP阳性率为33．9％（21／62），胃术后4－6个月残胃粘膜HP阳性率为53．2％（33／62），胃术后6－33年残胃粘膜HP阳性率为70．8％（68／96），各组相比，差异有显著性，残胃癌HP阳性率为80．0％（16／20）。结论：胃术后残胃炎和残胃癌与HP感染有关，但不是惟一因素。     

胆囊疾病与幽门螺杆菌感染的探讨

目的通过对胆囊手术切除标本的临床分析和病理检查，探讨胆囊疾病与幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的相互关系。方法对154例胆囊手术标本进行临床病理分类，分3组采用不同检查项目和方法进行HP检查。其中，1组46例，2组34例，3组74例。结果经多种方法检查，154例胆囊标本中，HP阳性78例（占50．65％）。其中慢急性胆囊炎57例，HP阳性29例；胆囊结石46例，HP阳性30例；胆囊息肉26例，HP阳性10例；胆囊腺癌25例，HP阳性9例。各种染色显示HP阳性情况：154例胆囊病理切片检查中，HE染色发现有菌落者4例，石炭酸品红呈阳性反应22例，改良W-S银染呈阳性65例。在46例（1组）胆囊抽吸液和切取胆囊颈管少量黏膜进行酶促反应（HPUT）检测中，HP阳性45例；Giemsa法染色，HP阳性12例；0．5％碱性品红染色，HP阳性3例。结论胆囊疾病HP感染率较高，尤其是慢急性胆囊炎及胆囊结石病例更为显著，采用多种项目和方法检查HP阳性率明显提高。在黏液涂片检查中，以Giemsa染色法较简便可靠；病理切片检查以改良W-S银染法阳性反应高，且方法稳定可靠。     

胶囊微量法14C-尿素呼气试验诊断儿童幽门螺杆菌感染

目的：探讨胶囊微量法^14C-尿素呼气试验（^14C-UBT)用于诊断幽门螺杆菌感染及评价疗效中的应用。方法：将92例有反复腹痛患儿进行三种方法检验HP，其中病理组织学切片、HM－CAP检测、快速尿素酶检测三种方法中二项阳性认为有HP感染，同时作胶囊微量法^14C-尿素呼气试验，并将二者均为阳性55例反复腹痛患儿随机分为治疗组（27例）和安慰组（28例），接受雷尼替丁、胶体次枸橼酸铋、呋喃唑酮三联治疗，疗程四周，停药四周后随访。结果：92例反复腹痛患儿HP感染率为63．04％，胶囊微量法^14C-UBT检测HP阳性率为61．96％，其敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阴性预测值均在90－100％之间，三联治疗后治疗组与安慰组腹痛治疗总有效率分别为93．6％和21．4％，HP转阴率分别为85．2％和7％，两组差异有显著性。结论：^14C－UBT具有方法简单，准确性高，无损伤、污染小等优点，适用于儿童HP感染诊断及治疗的疗效判定。三联治疗反复腹痛儿童HP感染临床效果好，HP根除率高，值得在临床推广应用。     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与常见的HBV血清学标志物的关系

目的：观察乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）前S1抗原与HBV血清学标志常见模式的关系。方法：采集198例HBsAg阳性血清标本，以ELISA法进行检测，按顺序共五项指标：①HBsAg,②抗－HBs，③HBeAg,④抗－HBe,⑤抗－HBc，并同时检测前S1抗原。以上述的顺序号码代表出现的阳性模式结果。结果：在198例HBsAg阳性标本中，“135”模式111例，前S1抗原阳性标本87例，阳性率78．3％；“145”模式66例，前S1抗原阳性19例，阳性率28．8％；“15”及“13”模式阳性率分别为72．2％和66．7％。结论：前S1抗原阳性主要出现在乙型肝炎的急性期，与病毒的复制、传染性密切相关。     

粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原检测与胃黏膜病的关系研究

目的探讨酶免疫法(ELISA)检测幽门螺杆菌(Hpylori)粪便抗原的特异性及敏感性。方法用酶免疫试剂对90例接受胃镜检查并取活检组织的患者粪便标本进行HP粪便抗原检测,确认试验为胃粘膜组织HP培养和尿素酶试纸快速试验检查,若结果均阳性则确认为HP感染。将粪便抗原检查结果与确认试验的结果比较,判断其敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果90例患者中确认为HP阳性的54例,阳性率为60%,其中消化性溃疡、胃炎、胃癌的阳性率分别为63.3%、64.7%、50.0%。HP粪便抗原阳性的57例患者中HP阳性的54例;HP阴的36例患者中HP粪便抗原阴性的29例,其敏感度为94.7%、特异度为83.7%。结论酶免疫法检测HP粪便抗原,方法可靠,易于推广。     

微柱凝胶法检测南昌地区新生儿溶血病及其相关性分析

目的 运用微柱凝胶法、甘氨酸/EDTA放散试验检测南昌地区新生儿溶血病(HDN),并通过对患儿出生天数、就检时期、其母IgG血型抗体效价与HDN相关性进行分析,以提高本地区HDN的检测诊断水平.方法 对南昌地区200例疑HDN患儿及其母亲采用微柱凝胶法、甘氨酸/EDTA放散试验做HDN相关性血型血清学检测.结果 200例随机送检标本中,ABO-HDN 130例(阳性检出率65.00％),256 ～ 512效价HDN患者检出率为43.85％ (n =57),高于1 028～2 028效价HDN患者检出率30.77％ (n =40)(P＜0.05).130例ABO-HDN中,101例(77.7％)就检时期为1≤n≤3 d,其阳性检出率明显高于23例就检时期的3＜n≤5 d的标本(17.7％)(P＜0.05).结论 应用微柱凝胶法、甘氨酸/EDTA放散试验检测HDN并做相关性分析,能够准确、快捷、高效地提供检测结果,对提高南昌地区HDN的检出率与诊断率具有很好作用,不失为本地区可推广的检测方法.     

咽部A群链球菌感染快速检测方法及临床应用

目的：为临床医生提供快速准确的A群链球菌感染的诊断依据，从而达到正确快速诊断和治疗的目的。方法：用酶免疫测定法(EIA)检测咽拭子的A群链球菌抗原；乳胶凝集法(Latex)鉴定分纯的β-溶血链球菌菌落的A群链球菌抗原；ATBexpress微生物分析系统进行药敏试验。结果：对361份标本进行了A群链球菌快速EIA检测，阳性42份，阳性率为11．6％。用Latex法检测348份培养标本，阳性51份，阳性率为14．7％。其中77例病人标本同时进行了A群链球菌抗原快速EIA检测和培养后的A群链球菌Latex法检测，两种方法测定结果均为阳性的标本为10例；结果：均为阴性的标本为60例。A群链球菌培养阳性标本药敏分析结果显示：青霉素、苯唑西林和头孢菌素敏感率为100%；其次是克林霉素为97％；复方新诺明为93％。结论：用EIA法测定咽拭子的A群链球菌抗原方法简便、结果快速可靠，Latex法检测咽拭子培养物的A群链球菌抗原结果准确。临床实验室可根据不同条件选择使用。药敏结果显示：对A群链球菌感染，临床应首选青霉素类、苯唑西林和头孢菌素类抗生素。     

Sulfated glycopeptides, containing desmosine and isodesmosine, isolated from porcine aorta

Intima-media of porcine thoracic aorta was digested with pronase, after extraction of saline-soluble matters and fat. A crude sulfated glycopeptide fraction (CSGP) was precipitated with 90% (v/v) ethanol from the 80% ethanol-soluble fraction of the trichloroacetic acid (7%)-soluble fraction of the pronase digest. CSGP was fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 (Cl- form) column chromatography. Of the resulting 9 fractions, 4 major fractions were further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, followed by affinity chromatography on concanavalin (Con) A-Sepharose 4B to a homogeneous state in electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane. All the purified fractions contained glucosamine, galactose, mannose, and sialic acid as the major sugars, and desmosine and isodesmosine as the unique constituents. The fractions with affinity for Con A (S1 and S2) contained much more mannose than those without affinity for this lectin (S3 and S4). The latter contained sulfate. The predominant amino acids in the former were glycine, aspartic acid (and/or asparagine), and serine, while those in the latter were glycine, proline, and alanine.     

2种微柱凝胶卡鉴定3岁以下婴幼儿ABO及血型对比研究

目的比较国产微柱凝胶血型鉴定卡（甲卡）与进口微柱凝胶血型鉴定卡（乙卡）鉴定3岁以下婴幼儿ABO及RhD血型的效果。方法首先采用甲卡对3岁以下婴幼儿EDTA抗凝血标本进行A抗原、B抗原及D抗原初步鉴定,再采用乙卡对同一批婴幼儿不抗凝血标本的A抗原、B抗原、D抗原进行复核,对比两者血型鉴定结果符合程度及凝集强度。结果共检测6月龄以下患儿3 938例,其中早产儿96例,足月新生儿355例,血液病患儿570例,其他疾病患儿2 917例。A抗原、B抗原、D抗原初检及复检两种卡符合率100%;早产儿A、B抗原凝集强度3＋以上者两种卡均达83%左右,两者相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。检测7月龄至3岁患儿12 500例,A抗原、B抗原、D抗原初检及复检符合率100%。检出A亚型、B亚型各2例。结论甲卡在鉴定3岁以下婴幼儿A抗原、B抗原、D抗原的能力方面与乙卡没有差别,两者均能够保证患儿血型鉴定及安全输血的需求。     

Development of a radioimmunoassay for a high molecular mass tubular antigen in urine--its application for early detection of tubular damage

In order to isolate urinary kidney antigens, the gammaglobulins fraction of an antiserum against human kidney cortex plasma membranes was coupled to Sepharose 4B. By immunospecific affinity chromatography an antigen fraction was obtained from the urine of a patient suffering from severe kidney disease. After gel filtration, the main fraction, eluted with the exclusion volume of a Sephadex G-200 column and enriched 16 000-fold, was labelled with 131I and used in a radioimmunoassay system. Soluble kidney antigens, presumably of proximal tubular origin, could be detected and quantified by the assay system in urine samples of patients with various diseases. The samples did not need to be treated, either concentrated or dialyzed, before application. The results of our experiments show a correlation between antigen excretion and kidney damage. Rejection episodes in patients with kidney transplants could be recognized early by enhanced antigen excretion. Potentially nephrotoxic drugs caused antigen excretion as well. In normal, healthy subjects output of the antigen was very low. The assay system might be of value for monitoring renal diseases.     

Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of antigenic and human specific proteins of red cell membrane

Rabbit antisera were raised for red cell stroma extracted with each of the following solutions; 5 mM phosphate buffer pH 8.0 (A antigen). 5 mM EDTA containing 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (B), 1/15 M phosphate buffered saline (C), 0.05% SDS (D), 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0 containing 1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA and 1% 2-mercaptoethanol (E) and 1% Triton X-100 (F). Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that E antigen produced relatively numerous precipitation lines, 7-9, against each of the antisera, suggesting that E solution was superior to the others for membrane solubilization. However, the Ouchterlony test demonstrated potent precipitin activity in anti-C, and the antiserum absorbed with monkey stroma which was extracted with F solution was proved to have strict human specificity. By adopting the antiserum to affinity chromatography, human specific antigens were isolated. The antigens gave four bands moving faster than Band 5 at SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis none of which was stained by Schiff's reagent. Using absorbed anti-C, human specificity of blood stains kept us to for two years could be identified.     

The serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Isolation of the outer membrane complex responsible for serotypic specificity.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been subdivided into several classes of serological distinct groups. The serotyping system is based upon the antigenic specificity of a protein serotype antigen. This protein is the major polypeptide of the outer membrane of the gonococcus and accounts for over 60% of that membrane's total protein. The serotype antigen complex was isolated by mild extraction of intact organisms in 200 mM lithium acetate buffer, pH 6.0 with 10 mM EDTA for 2 h at 45 degrees C. The extract was fractionated on Sepharose 6B and partially purified by precipitation at pH 4.2 by addition of 10% (vol/vol) acetic acid. Each serotype antigen has a unique subunit molecular size as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Preliminary typing of a gonococcal strain may be performed by comparative SDA-PAGE. To date, 16 different serotypes, representing a diverse distribution, have been isolated.     

Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Antigen using Purified Antibody from Serum of a Patient with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

We have achieved a high degree of purification of nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen from calf thymus nuclear extract through antibody affinity chromatography. Antibody to nuclear ribonucleoprotein was purified from the serum of a patient with mixed connective tissue disease and Sepharose 4B was covalently coupled with the purified human antibody. The sodium thiocyanate eluate from the affinity column contained active ribonucleoprotein antigen and the specific activity of the antigen in this eluate was 488 times higher than the original nuclear extract. The protein component of the eluate consisted of six polypeptides determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two of them were shown to be antigenic by a hemagglutination inhibition test. The molecular weights of these two peptides were ~13,000 and those of the other four were 13,000, 13,000, 30,000, and 65,000. The ribonucleic acid component of the eluate was shown by urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to contain five polynucleotides. Two of the five, estimated to contain 40 and 60 nucleosides, had antigenic activity. The other three polynucleotides which had more than 77 nucleosides had no antigenic activity. No modified nucleosides were found in these ribonucleic acid molecules. Even in this highly purified ribonucleoprotein antigen, Sm antigen was detected by immunodiffusion. This evidence indicated that there are some molecular associations between ribonucleoprotein and Sm antigens as has previously been suggested.     

Isolation and purification of Rh0(D) antigen of human erythrocyte membrane and its serological property

To elucidate immunochemical properties of Rh-Hr antigens, influence of various solubilizers on the activity, and isolation of the antigens were investigated. As a very sensitive method to detect Rh-Hr antigens, the agglutination inhibition test was recommended in which diluted antisera (1:400-1:1,600), papainized red cells and microtitrate plates were used. Extraction of D antigen with Brij 35 and Triton X-100 was effective, but SDS was not successful. However, D activity of SDS solubilized stroma was recovered by adding reductants. The activity was slightly demonstrated at the preparation from D negative red cells. The influence of the reductants was discussed. SDS solubilized stroma was fractionated with gel filtrations and activated thiol Sepharose 4B. The final preparation with D activity was proved to correspond with Band 3 which was not stained with PAS reagent. Deoxycholic acid solubilized stroma was fractionated with gel filtrations and affinity chromatography, resulting in the preparation corresponding to Band 3 with potent Rh-Hr blood type activities. The activities were detected without reductants and the preparation from D negative red cells had no D activity. Rh-Hr blood type activities other than D were observed in the same fraction.     

PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGENS OF THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A procedure has been described for the purification of the carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) of the human digestive system. Tumor tissue extraction in 0.6 M perchloric acid followed by paper block electrophoresis and column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 resulted in highly purified CEA preparations as determined by both immunological and physicochemical criteria. The properties and composition of five different purified CEA preparations derived from digestive system cancer metastases were examined. The findings demonstrated a high degree of uniformity amongst these samples. Sedimentation coefficients ranged from 6.9 to 8S. Each sample showed the presence of 14 different amino acid residues and six different carbohydrate constituents (four of which could be quantitated with the amount of material available for analyis). Studies of a purified CEA preparation from a primary hepatoma yielded results which, in some respects, differed from those obtained with the CEA samples of metastatic tumor origin. The implications of these variations were discussed with regard to the probable presence of non-CEA components in the hepatoma preparation. Of primary importance was the observation that the few normal adult digestive system tissues tested failed to show the presence of constituents similar to the CEA. This finding would seem to indicate that, in the adult, the carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system are qualitatively tumor-specific and are not dectectable in comparable normal tissues.     

Isolation and characterization of proteohyaluronic acid from human umbilical cord.

Proteohyaluronic acid was extracted from human umbilical cord with 0.2% NaCl, then purified by cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC)-precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 and on Sepharose 4B, in succession. The purified preparation contained glucosamine (40.1%), glucuronic acid (45.7%) and protein (2.6%). Glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, serine and aspartic acid were the major amino acids of the protein moiety. The result of the gel-filtration suggested that an average molecular weight was more than 1 x 10(6). Although analytical data for the constituent sugars and infrared spectra were similar before and after pronase digestion of this proteohyaluronic acid, the mobilities in electrophoresis and the elution patterns of gel-filtration differed remarkably from one another. Since the protein content decreased from 2.6% to 0.3% by the proteolytic digestion, it is evident that the degraded protein moiety played an important role in maintaining the macromolecular structure of this proteohyaluronic acid.     

MOUSE ISOANTIGENS: SEPARATION OF SOLUBLE TL (THYMUS-LEUKEMIA) ANTIGEN FROM SOLUBLE H-2 HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY

Mouse H-2 histocompatibility antigen has been extracted, solubilized, and partly purified from the cells of an A strain spontaneous leukemia carrying TL (thymus-leukemia) antigens. H-2 and TL. 1, 2, 3 activities were measured by inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of the corresponding isoantibodies. TL activity was associated with the H-2 active fraction obtained by solubilization and fractionation by gel filtration. TL specificity was largely separated from H-2 antigen by subsequent chromatography on DEAE Sephadex as an adjacent component in a series of fractions. The soluble H-2 antigen prepared from the leukemia cells was tested for most of the specificities determined by H-2^a with no exceptional results. TL. 1, 2, 3 activities, measured as each component separately, were located in approximately the same position; there is no clear indication yet whether the three TL specificities are separable from one another. It appears that in addition to the close genetic linkage between the H-2 and TL loci, and their reciprocal interaction in producing H-2 and TL antigens, these antigens exhibit some similarity at the chemical level.