29对金属化合物对大鼠游离肝细胞联合毒性的研究

本文以大鼠游离肝细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）对镉，硒，砷，锑，汞，锌，铅，铬，镍１０种金属组成２９个配对进行了联合毒性的研究，结果表明：１０种金属化合物肝细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞铅＞砷＞锑＞铜＞铬＞镍＞锌＞硒，与体内肝毒性顺序基本一致，汞，镉，铅三种金属之间的增毒作用，对其它金属的毒性亦有增毒作用。锌可以拮抗镉，铅，铜的毒性作用，硒可以拮抗汞，镉，砷对细胞的毒性，其余金属配对呈毒性相加作用，铬和     

利用大鼠游离肝细胞的生化指标研究金属化合物的联合毒性

采用大鼠游离肝细胞，以细胞培养基上清液山梨醇脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）活性和肝细胞还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）作为观察指标，对镉、硒、铜．砷、锑、汞、锌、铅、铬、镍１０种金属化合物组成２９个配对进行了联合毒性研究。结果表明，汞、镉、铅３种金属之间有增毒作用．且它们增加其它金属的毒性，而锌可以拮抗镉、铅、铜的毒性作用．硒可以保护汞、镉、砷对细胞的毒性，其余配对呈毒性相加。     

金属元素对人胚肺细胞联合毒性的研究

采用细胞毒理学方法，以人胚肺细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）为观察指标，对铅、汞、砷、镉、镍、锰、锌、硒等８种金属元素组成２７个配对进行联合毒性的研究。结果表明，８种金属元素肺细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞锰＞镍＞砷＞铅＞锌＞硒，与体内肺毒性顺序基本相似。铅、镉、汞、锰３种金属元素之间有增毒作用。锌和硒对铅、镉、汞、砷的细胞毒性有拮抗作用。     

当重金属入侵你的身体

密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。从环境污染方面所说的重金属,实际上主要是指汞、镉、铅、铬以及类金属砷等生物毒性显著的类别,也指具有一定毒性的一般重金属,如锌、铜、钴、镍、锡等。目前最引起人们关注的是汞、镉、铅等。重金属污染的特征表现有以下几方面：     

当心身边的重金属污染

密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等。从环境污染方面所说的重金属,实际上主要是指汞、镉、铅、铬以及类金属砷等生物毒性显著的重金属,也指具有一定毒性的一般重金属如锌、铜、钴、镍、锡等。目前最引起人们注意的是汞、镉、铬等。重金属随废水排出时,即使浓度很小,也可能     

山东省六市干制红枣中金属含量分析

目的 了解山东省六市干制红枣中金属元素的含量,为红枣相关标准的制定及监管提供依据。方法 2021年11月在山东省滨州市、德州市、济宁市、临沂市、泰安市及枣庄市六个市,采集当地产干制红枣170份样品,依据国家标准检测红枣中铅、砷、钒、锑、锡、铬、镍、铜、锰、锂、钡、汞、硒、镉及铝15种金属元素含量。结果 样品中汞未检出,铜、锰、钡检出率100%,镍、铝、铬、锂、铅、钒及砷检出率大于88%,锡、硒、锑及镉检出率分别为57.65%、33.53%、12.35%及8.24%,铜、锰及铝的平均含量较高,分别为2.12、2.96及5.50 mg/kg。各市镉、铅、铝、砷、镍、铜、锰、钡平均含量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 山东省六市的干制红枣存在一定的金属污染,枣庄市干制红枣多种金属含量较高,应引起重视。     

重金属孩子无法承受之“重”

近年来,一些国际知名品牌婴儿食品被曝出含砷、铅、镉等有毒重金属后,引发了人们对重金属中毒的关注。 密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。其中铁、锌等重金属是生命活动所需的微量元素,但所有重金属超过一定浓度都会造成人体中毒。对人体毒害最大的有5种：铅、汞、铬、砷、镉。     

重金属污染引起的公害病(综述)

所谓重金属一般系指比重在4.0以上约60种元素或比重在5.0以上的45种元素。砷是非金属,但是它的毒性及某些性质类似于重金属,所以往往将砷列入重金属范围内加以论述。重金属当中有一些是人体必须微量元素(如铜、锌、钴、锰、钼、硒、铬等),有一些则是非必须微量元素。从环境污染的角度看,汞、镉、砷、铬、铅、镍等对人体     

22种金属离子对原子荧光光谱法测定锑的干扰研究

目的:研究金属及类金属元素对原子荧光光谱法测定锑的干扰。方法:用22种金属及类金属元素对原子荧光光谱法测定锑进行干扰试验,根据测定结果分析干扰金属的种类,比较不同浓度的金属离子对测定结果造成干扰。结果:铅、铁、锰、汞、硒、铬对锑测定产生正干扰,硒、汞较明显;铜、镍、锡、银、鉈、钴、铋对锑的测定产生负干扰,镍的干扰最大,其他金属离子不产生干扰或者干扰可以忽略。结论:存在严重干扰的金属离子有:镍、铜、银、硒,在选择掩蔽剂时要侧重考虑。     

重金属 孩子无法承受之“重”

近年来,一些国际知名品牌婴儿食品被曝出含砷、铅、镉等有毒重金属后,引发了人们对重金属中毒的关注。密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。其中铁、锌等重金属是生命活动所需的微量元素,但所有重金属超过一定浓度都会造成人体中毒。对人体毒害最大的有5种:铅、汞、铬、砷、镉。儿童的重金属中毒和郝医生在职业病领域见到的情况是明显不同的。     

Acute Lethal Toxicity of Heavy Metals to the Seeds of Plants of High Importance to Humans

Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of highly toxic and dangerous metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and essential microelements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) on the seed germination process in vetch and eight plant species of major importance to human consumption. The degree of metal toxicity was determined on the basis of acute LC50 values calculated by means of two different methods. All the metals were found to inhibit the germination process, but in a varying, species-dependent degree. Of all the plant seeds under study, the most sensitive to the presence of the examined metals during germination were the seeds of cress (Cu, Pb, Hg), rye (Ni, Zn, Cd) and barley (Cr), while vetch (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg), rape (Cr, Cu) and pea (Ni, Cd) were found to be least affected.     

Comparison of Maternal and Embryonic Trace Element Concentrations in Common Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) Muscle Tissue

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - This study compared the concentration of essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn) and nonessential (Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) trace elements in...     

Comparison of Metal Accumulation in Fish Species from the Southeastern Black Sea

In this study, it was aimed to determine accumulation of the metal concentrations in fish species in different regions which are Sürmene and Yomra bay at southeastern Black sea in Trabzon-Turkey. For this purpose, concentrations of metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in muscle of red mullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus). Metal concentrations were found for whiting ranged as follows; 0.35–1.64 (Cr), 0.01–0.09 (Co), 0.01–0.71 (Ni), 0.71–1.45 (Cu), 18.64–68.06 (Zn), 2.05–9.66 (As), 0.15–14.16 (Se), 0.01–0.22 (Cd), 0.01–0.01 (Sb), 0.01–0.15 (Hg), 0.01–0.25 (Pb) and for red mullet as 0.43–1.04 (Cr), 0.05–0.23 (Co), 0.02–0.67 (Ni), 0.74–2.32 (Cu), 19.89–43.50 (Zn), 6.04–24.82 (As), 0.02–9.83 (Se), 0.01–0.11 (Cd), 0.01–0.01 (Sb), 0.07–0.18 (Hg), 0.01–0.20 (Pb) μg g⁻¹ dry weight. Metal concentrations in samples were found to be lower than legal limits proposed by Turkish Food Codex (2008), Food and Agricultural Organization (1983), and European Commission (Off J Eur Union L364-5–L364-24, 2006) for human consumption.     

Uptake of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe (Zambia), which is ranked among the 10 worst polluted places on earth, were compared with other Zambian towns. Metal concentrations were measured in the liver and kidneys of 51 cattle from Kabwe and other Zambian towns. The maximum metal concentrations, expressed in mg/kg and dry weight, in the liver or kidneys were 398.4 (Cu), 252.6 (Zn), 77.81 (Cr), 19.37 (Cd), 7.57 (Ni), 1.8 (Pb), 1.04 (Co), 0.112 (Hg), and 0.05 (As). Concentrations of Pb and Cd in Kabwe cattle were higher than levels in other Zambian towns. The mean concentration of Cd exceeded benchmark values in offal destined for human consumption. Levels of Ni and Cr may also pose public health concerns. Concentrations of Pb and Cr, Pb and Cu, Cd and Zn, Cd and Hg, Zn and Cu, Cu and Co, as well as Co and Ni were positively correlated. The present study also highlighted the dangers of exposure of animals and humans to a mixture of toxic metals.     

Toxicity of metallic ions and oxides to rabbit alveolar macrophages

The effects of soluble compounds and oxides of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, V, and Zn on oxidative metabolism and membrane integrity of rabbit alveolar macrophages were studied by 24-hr in vitro exposure. Oxidative metabolism induced by phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan was measured by H2O2 and O2- release and by chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol. Membrane integrity was estimated by extracellular LDH activity. Metallic ions and oxides inhibited the release of active oxygen species. Cd(II), As(III), and V(V) were the most toxic elements as measured by all investigated parameters. Cu(II) decreased O2- release and chemiluminescence effectively but H2O2 release and membrane integrity less. Chemiluminescence was decreased strongly by Hg(II) while O2- and H2O2 release were depressed moderately. Zn(II) and Sb(III) compounds caused medium toxicity and the tested Sn, Ni, and Pb compounds showed only faint toxic effects.     

动态反应池电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速监测人体尿液中19种元素的含量

目的利用DRC-ICP-MS,建立快速监测尿液中19种元素(Be、Rb、Sr、Cd、Pb、Cs、Tl、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sn、Sb、Te、As和Se)的检测方法。方法尿液样品经过1∶20稀释后上机检测,采用DRC模式消除干扰,检测元素V51、Cr52、Mn55、Ni58、Co59、Cu63、Zn64、Sn120、Sb121、Te130、As75和Se80,其余元素采用标准模式检测。结果 19种元素(Be9、V51、Cr52、Mn55、Ni58、Co59、Cu63、Zn64、As75、Se80、Rb85、Sr88、Cd114、Sn120、Sb121、Te130、Cs133、Tl205和Pb208)的方法检出限分别为2.7、2.0、2.7、1.5、3.9、0.8、5.8、35.3、32.4、21.1、1.4、4.2、1.1、9.1、1.1、8.6、0.1、0.2和1.0ng/L,方法的精密度在3%以内。结论该检测方法准确快速,前处理简便,样品用量少,检测成本低,适合大量样本的快速筛查和监测。     

Multi-elemental concentrations in the tissues of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae from Tasmania and the southern Indian Ocean

This study investigates 14 elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in the tissues of the oceanic ommastrephid squid Todarodes filippovae from waters surrounding Île Amsterdam (southern Indian Ocean) and Tasmania (Australia). As for other cephalopod species, the digestive gland and branchial hearts showed the highest concentrations of many elements (Ag, Cd, Se, V and Zn, and Cr and Ni, respectively) highlighting their role in bioaccumulation and detoxification processes. With the exception of As and Hg, the muscles showed relatively low trace element concentrations. Squid size was positively correlated to Ag, As, Cd, Hg and Zn concentrations in Tasmanian squid and negatively correlated to all but Hg and Zn concentrations in Île Amsterdam squid. Furthermore, no differences in elemental concentrations were noted between sexes. There were, however, some differences between mated and non-mated females from Tasmania. Comparing elemental concentrations in squid from both islands, higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and V in squid sampled in Île Amsterdam reflect different exposure conditions. When considering T. filippovae as a dietary resource for humans it should be noted that, given their Hg content, squids from Île Amsterdam are not recommended for consumption on a regular basis. Moreover, regardless of the squid's origin, digestive glands should be avoided as Cd and Hg concentrations were above the European Union authorized limits in these organs.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) for certification of multielements in a tuna fish candidate certified reference material

The instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) methods were applied for the determination of trace elements in the tuna fish CRM (KRISS 108-04-021) developed by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). Trace elements determined by INAA without any chemical treatment included Al, As, Ca, Co, Fe, K, Na, Sb, Se and Zn. Other elements such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn were determined after dissolution of the sample by ID-ICP/MS. A combination of results obtained by the two independent methods for Se and Zn was used for the final certified value.