老年结肠直肠癌肝转移同时切除16例临床分析

1990—1997年，我们共收治老年结、直肠癌病人420例，伴有肝转移45例，我们对其中的16例肝转移患者施行了同时切除术，现报告如下。1资料与方法1．1一般资料本组16例，男性9例，女性7例；年龄60～78岁，平均68．5岁。直肠癌6例，乙状结肠癌2例，降结肠癌3例，右半结肠癌5例。孤立性左肝转移灶8例，左肝一个转移灶伴尾状叶转移灶1例，右肝孤立性转移灶5例，左、右肝各有一个转移灶2例。癌胚抗原（CEA）＞15nymL14例。按Dukes分期，原发灶B期7例，C期9例，原发灶和转移灶病理结果均为腺癌。1．2治疗方法全麻后取正中绕脐切口行左半结肠、直…     

结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻36例分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的处理原则和方法.方法 回顾分析1999年至2008年收治的36例结直肠并发急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料.全组右半结肠癌梗阻14例,左半结肠癌并梗阻19例,直肠癌并梗阻3例.采用右半结肠一期切除吻合14例,左半结肠一期切除吻合18例,Dixon手术2例,肿瘤近端肠管造瘘1例.结果 术后出现并发症4例(11.11%)包括切口感染2例,腹腔感染1例,吻合口漏1例,死亡1例(2.77%),35例好转、痊愈出院(97.22%).结论 一定条件下,一期切除吻合治疗结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻,是方便可行安全有效的方法.     

老年结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的探讨老年结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的外科处理原则和方法。方法回顾1996年至2006年12月间笔者收治的28例老年结直肠合并急性肠梗阻的临床资料,右半结肠癌12例,左半结肠癌14例,直肠癌2例。行右半结肠癌Ⅰ期切除吻合12例,左半结肠癌Ⅰ期切除吻合14例。Hartmann术1例,Dixon术l例。结果术后出现并发症,切口感染3例,切口裂开2例,肺部感染1例。结论老年人结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合是方便、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

27例结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的治疗分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗原则和方法.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年1月～2009年12月收治的27例合并急性肠梗阻的结直肠癌病例.在8例右半结肠癌患者中,一期行切除吻合术6例,2例因广泛转移而仅行造瘘术；在19例左半结肠癌和直肠癌患者中,6例一期行Hartmann术、二期行闭瘘吻合术,4例行一期切除吻...     

不同年龄结直肠癌患者临床及内镜特点分析

目的探讨不同年龄结直肠癌患者临床及内镜特点，以提高结直肠癌早期诊断率。方法结直肠癌患者按年龄分为青年组（≤35岁）、中年组（36～59岁）、老年组（≥60岁），比较不同年龄组结直肠癌患者临床表现、内镜表现、病理资料。结果结直肠癌以中、老年人多见（占全部结直肠癌的89．8％），临床首发症状均为便血，青年组腹痛比中、老年组常见（P〈0．05）；各组均以左半结肠癌多见，共占76％，右半结肠癌占24％：中、老年组结直肠癌合并息肉的发生率高于青年组；青年组低分化腺癌较中、老年组多见。结论结直肠癌以中、老年多见，左半结肠癌较右半结肠癌多见，青年人结直肠癌低分化腺癌多见，恶性程度高，预后不良。     

BRAF基因突变晚期结直肠癌患者临床特征及疗效分析

目的:探讨BRAF基因突变结直肠癌的临床特点、疗效及预后。方法:回顾性分析中国人民解放军总医院2010年至2015年收治的12例BRAF突变的晚期结直肠癌患者临床资料。结果:12例BRAF突变患者,男性7例(58.3%),女性5例(41.7%),均为40岁以上;右半结肠2例(16.7%),左半结肠及直肠10例(83.3%);腺癌10例,腺癌及黏液腺癌混合型2例;中分化及低分化各6例,无高分化;8例行DNA错配修复基因免疫组化检测,均为微卫星稳定型;一线治疗客观缓解率为27.3%,疾病控制率为72.7%,中位无进展生存期(PFS)仅为16.4周;中位总生存期(OS)32周。结论:BRAF突变多见于中老年、分化较差、左半结肠的肿瘤,作为结直肠癌的一种特殊类型,一线化疗敏感性差,预后不良。     

结直肠癌合并肠梗阻外科治疗

<正>2008年7月至2011年7月我院收治结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者61例,现将外科治疗情况报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料:男性37例,女性24例,年龄34～81岁,中位年龄58岁。全部患者均经腹部X片检查证实为低位肠梗阻,49例(81%)经纤维结肠镜明确诊断。右半结肠癌19例(回盲部癌5例、升结肠癌12例、结肠肝曲癌2例),左半     

两种术式治疗结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的临床效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的效果。方法选取60例自2008年1月至2013年6月我科收治的结直肠癌患者,随机分为观察组30例和对照组30例,观察组患者实施腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术,对照组患者实施常规开腹手术,观察对比两组患者术后肛门排气时间、住院天数和肠梗阻的发生率。结果观察组患者左半结肠癌根治术后、右半结肠癌根治术后以及直肠癌根治术后肛门排气时间和住院天数均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后肠梗阻的发生率为6.67%(2/30),显著低于对照组的16.67%(5/30),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术是一种微创手术,对患者的创伤小,术后恢复快,肠梗阻的发生率较常规开腹手术小。     

结肠癌致梗阻的外科治疗(附38例报告)

我院自1988年以来,共收治结肠癌致梗阻38例,本文就其治疗体会报告如下:1 临床资料本组结肠癌梗阻病例中。男26例,女12例,年龄26~78岁,平均58.6岁。梗阻发生在左半结肠22例,右半结肠梗阻16例。左半结肠癌行Ⅰ期切除吻合术15例,占左半结肠癌68%,行Ⅰ期切除加造瘘术2例。右半结肠癌行Ⅰ期切除术12例,占右半结肠癌75%。本组无1例发生吻合口瘘及围手术期死亡。按Dukes分期,本组病人肿瘤所在部位及分期见     

老年性结肠癌致急性肠梗阻53例手术治疗体会

大肠癌是引起老年急性结肠梗阻最常见的原因之一。我院外科自 1991— 2 0 0 1年共手术治疗老年结肠癌致急性肠梗阻 5 3例 ,现分析如下。1　临床资料男性 33例 ,女性 2 0例 ,年龄 6 0～ 81岁。肿瘤部位与手术方法选择 :肿瘤位于右半结肠 15例 (盲肠 3例、结肠 10例、肝曲 2例 ) ,横结肠 2例 ,左半结肠 36例 (脾曲 2例、降结肠 13例、乙状结肠 18例、直乙交界处 3例 )。右半结肠癌梗阻行一期右半结肠切除 ,回结吻合术 13例 ,2例晚期无法手术切除行回肠造瘘术。横结肠癌梗阻 2例 ,行右半结肠切除 1例 ;另 1例行局部切除。左半结肠癌梗阻行一期…     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.