山东省恶性肿瘤死记和发展趋势

山东省1990－1992年全死因死亡回顾调查结果表明，三年累计总死亡率为614.95/10万人口（以下略去1／10万人口），其中男性674.99，女性为552.86。前4位的死因依次为循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒。恶性肿瘤死亡率为117.99，其中男性死亡率为147.85；女性死亡率为87.10。我国常见的10种恶性肿瘤排序依次为胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、肠癌、白血病、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌和鼻咽癌。     

广东省癌症控制概况

一、癌症流行特点癌症是广东人口全死因的第二位，仅次于呼吸系统疾病。广东省人D全死因调查结果表明，恶性肿瘤死亡率高达124．ho／10万，其中男性177．21／10万，女性79、98／10万，与美国相似，较日本为高。少数民族恶性肿瘤死亡率低于平均水平，世界标化死亡率为105．刀／10万。男性死因以恶性肿瘤为首位，女性排第三位。而在广东省人口中，35岁一rt4岁段，不论男、女其主要死亡原因均为恶性肿瘤，男性占死因42．20％，女性占对．52％，严重影响了广东的经济发展。广东省恶性肿瘤死亡率在全国居中等水平，排第14位，以消化系统恶性肿瘤…     

郑州市1984～1998年恶性肿瘤死亡动态分析

目的 了解郑州市恶性肿瘤死亡率居全死因的位次及动态变化。方法 对郑州市死因监测点１９８４～１９９８年死亡报告资料进行统计分析。结果 该地区恶性肿瘤年均死亡率为８４．６９／１０万,标化死亡率７９．３９／１０万,其中男性为１０２．５９／１０万,女性为６５．２４／１０万,男性死亡率明显高于女性,性别比为１．７１：１。经统计学处理,Ｐ〈０．００１,不同年龄组各类恶性肿瘤的死亡率有很大差异。１５年间恶性肿瘤第四依次是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌,而ＰＹＬＬ顺位则是肝癌、肺癌、血白病和胃癌。结论 郑州市把肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌作为恶性肿瘤的防治重点。值得注意的白血病对寿命损失造成的影响不可忽视。     

山东省乳山市1990—1992年恶性肿瘤死亡回顾调查分析

目的：探讨乳山市恶性肿瘤死亡情况及分布规律。方法：开展山东省乳山市１９９０～１９９２年１／１０人口恶性肿瘤死亡回顾调查。结果：３年资料表明,乳山市各类死因总死亡率为６４６．７２／１０万,其中男性为６５７．０１／１０万,女性为６３５．５８／１０;万恶性肿瘤分别是各自总死亡率的２１．３６％、２５．５３％和１６．７０％。结论：恶性肿瘤中胃癌的死亡率最高,为４７．２５／１０万。恶性肿瘤年龄段死亡率表明,５５～７４岁及７５岁以上年龄组段死亡率达高峰     

四川省1989—1993年肿瘤死亡监测动态分析

本文系对四川省１９８９－１９９３年肿瘤死亡监测的动态分析，五年恶性肿瘤死亡率为８２．６６／１０万，世界标化率８４．４９／１０万；男性世界标化死亡率为１１０．９５／１０万，女性世界化死亡率为５７．９６／１０万，男性高于女性，城市恶性肿瘤死亡率高于农村恶性肿瘤死亡率，前三位恶性肿瘤消化道肿瘤，依次为食管癌、胃癌、肝癌，但城乡，性别分布各有特点，对防治对策进行了初步探讨。     

北京市宣武区近10年居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

为摸清北京市宣武区近年恶性肿瘤的死亡情况及流行规律,对宣武区１９８９年～１９９８年居民恶性肿瘤的死亡状况及发病特点进行分析,旨在为防治工作提供科学依据。１资料来源 死亡资料由宣武区卫生防疫站生命统计室提供,并按国际疾病分类第九次修订本（ＩＣＤ－９）进行分类编码。人口资料来源于区公安局。２结果与分析２．１死亡概况 全区１０年间,因各种疾病死亡累计为３６９４２人,其中男性１９７７２人,女性１７１７０人。全死因平均死亡率为６５０．３２／１０万,男性死亡率为６７３．５８／１０万,女性死亡率为６２５．０５／…     

浙江省1995年—1996年居民恶性肿瘤死亡报告

浙江省从1990年起建立了疾病监测点，开展全死因监测。浙江省卫生防疫站对1995年一1996年居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料作了分析。以了解居民恶性肿瘤死亡状况和分布规律，为防治工作提供依据。这两年该省恶性肿瘤死亡4op人，死亡率131．49／10万，占居民总死亡数的19．25％，位于全死因顺位的第二位。值得注意的是，男性恶性肿瘤死亡率169．81／10万，位于男性全死因顺位第一位，是女性死亡率90．91／10万的1．87倍。尤其是肺癌、胃癌。肝癌、食管癌，男性死亡率是女性的2借以上。前五位恶性肿瘤依次为胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、结直肠癌，与leql…     

1999年河南省人口死因恶性肿瘤居首位

１９９９年河南省１５个登记报告市、县的人口数为１０９０余万人。数据表明居民普通死亡率为５．４‰。,其中男性为５．７ｏ‰,女性为４．９８‰。这１５个市、县基本上可反映河南省居民的死亡状况。恶性肿瘤居死因首位,普通死亡率为１０９．２３／１０万、中国人口调整死亡率８１．１９／１０万。全省常见恶性肿瘤死亡率前十位为：胃癌２５．８９／１０万、食管癌２５．７１／１０万、肝癌２０．５６／１０万、肺癌１７．５４／１０万、结直肠癌５．７／１０万、白血病３．００／１０万、鼻咽癌２．０３／１０万、乳腺癌１．８８／１０…     

湖南省1990～1992年恶性肿瘤死亡回顾抽样调查结果分析

本文对湖南省１９９０～１９９２年１０个抽样县市的恶性肿瘤死亡情况和分布规律进行了分析，全省恶性肿瘤平均死亡率为６３．５６／１０万，占全死因的１０．７９％，在全死因中居第四位。恶性肿瘤前三位死因依次是肝癌、胃癌和肺癌。恶性肿瘤死亡的分布表现为男性高于女性，城市高于农村（Ｐ＜０．０５），从３５岁以上年龄组开始，死亡率随年龄增长明显升高。与７０年代死亡资料比较，死亡率上升的主要是肺癌和肝癌，下降的主要是宫颈癌。     

湖南省1990～1992年十县,市（区）肝癌死亡分析

对湖南省１９９０～１９９２年１／１０人口抽样全死因回顾调查资料进行肝癌死亡分析，结果表明所抽查的十个县，市（区）肝癌死亡居恶性肿瘤死亡第一位，粗死亡率为１３．６２／１０万，中国标化死亡率为１１．３７／１０万，世界标化死亡率为１５．７３／１０万，男女之比为２．８７：１。分析表明，湖南省肝癌死亡男性高于女性，城市高于农村，年龄别死亡率以６５～７０岁年龄组居高；与１９７３～１９７５年全省死因回顾调查资料     

Trends in mortality from major cancers in the European Union, including acceding countries, in 2004

BACKGROUND: In May 2004, 10 additional countries joined the European Union (EU), including a total of 75 million inhabitants. Most of these were from central and eastern European countries with comparably high cancer mortality rates and with relatively unfavorable trends. Therefore, it is important to provide updated mortality data regarding major cancers in various countries and to analyze trends for the current population of the EU. METHODS: The authors considered mortality rates (directly standardized to the world standard population) for all cancers and for 8 major cancer sites in the year 2000 in the 25 countries of the EU and analyzed corresponding trends since 1980 using data derived from the World Health Organization data base. RESULTS: For men, overall cancer mortality in the year 2000 varied by a factor > 2 between the highest rate of 258.5 per 100,000 men in Hungary and the lowest rate of 122.0 per 100,000 men in Sweden. Central and Eastern European accession countries had the highest rates not only for lung and other tobacco-related cancers but also for gastrointestinal cancers and leukemias. The geographic pattern was different and the range of variation was smaller for women, i.e., between 136.7 per 100,000 women in Denmark and 76.4 per 100,000 women in Spain in the year 2000. In the EU as a whole, lung cancer mortality in men peaked at 55.4 per 100,000 men in 1988 and declined thereafter to 46.7 per 100,000 men in 2000. Gastric cancer steadily declined from 19.7 per 100,000 men in 1980 to 10.1 per 100,000 men in 2000. Other major sites showed moderately favorable trends over the last few years. In women, breast cancer peaked at 21.7 per 100,000 in 1989 and declined to 18.9 per 100,000 in 2000. Mortality from gastric, (cervix) uterus, and intestinal cancers demonstrated steady decreases, but lung cancer increased from 7.7 per 100,000 women in 1980 to 11.1 per 100,000 women in 2000. The increase in lung cancer mortality in women age < 55 years was 38% between 1990 and 2000 (from 2.16 per 100,000 women to 2.99 per 100,000 women), reflecting the spread of tobacco smoking among women in the EU over the last few decades. CONCLUSIONS: The priority for further reduction of cancer mortality in the EU remains tobacco control together with more widespread availability of modern diagnostic and treatment procedures for neoplasms that are amenable to treatment.     

The burden of cancer in Austria.

The aim of this study was to assess the overall progress against cancer in Austria by analysing changes in age-adjusted mortality rates from 1970 to 1996. For the years 1970 to 1996, age-adjusted rates for all malignant neoplasms and for selected sites were calculated for men and women, according to year, age and sex. The number of cancer deaths were obtained from the Austrian Central Statistical Office--age-adjusted mortality rates of all malignant neoplasms decreased in men between 1971 and 1996 by 13% (from 289.1 to 251.4 deaths per 100,000), and in women between 1970 and 1996 by 19.1% (from 276.6 to 223.7 deaths per 100,000). Among older people (> or = 55 years) the mortality decreased by 13% in men and by 17% in women; among younger people (< 55 years) by 12% and 30%, respectively. The decrease in total cancer mortality is promoted by three tumour sites (the leading causes of cancer deaths in 1970). In both sexes, the decrease of stomach cancer mortality had the major impact, followed by colorectal cancer in women and by lung cancer in men. The observed changes in mortality are primarily related to changing incidence and early detection, rather than improvements in treatment. Unfortunately, there is evidence that prevention is losing ground in Austria. The implementation of the well-established knowledge of cancer prevention and the strengthening of preventative research is urgently needed.     

Continuing declines in cancer mortality in the European Union.

BACKGROUND: From 1988 to 1997 age-standardised total cancer mortality rates in the European Union (EU) fell by around 9% in both sexes. Available cancer mortality data in Europe up to 2002 allow a first check of the forecast of further declines in cancer mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We considered trends in age-standardised mortality from major cancer sites in the EU during the period 1980-2002. RESULTS: For men, total cancer mortality, after a peak of 191.1/100,000 in 1987 declined to 177.8 in 1997 (-7%), and to 166.5 in 2002. Corresponding figures for females were 107.9/100,000, 100.5 and 95.2, corresponding to falls of 7% from 1987 to 1997, and to 5% from 1997 to 2002. Over the last 5 years, lung cancer declined by 1.9% per year in men, to reach 44.4/100,000, but increased by 1.7% in women, to reach 11.4. In 2002, for the first year, lung cancer mortality in women was higher than that for intestinal cancer (11.1/100,000), and lung cancer became the second site of cancer deaths in women after breast (17.9/100,000). From 1997 to 2002, appreciable declines were observed in mortality from intestinal cancer in men (-1.6% per year, to reach 18.8/100,000), and in women (-2.5%), as well as for breast (-1.7% per year) and prostate cancer (-1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the persisting rises in female lung cancer, the recent trends in cancer mortality in the EU are encouraging and indicate that an 11% reduction in total cancer mortality from 2000 to 2015 is realistic and possible.     

Does skin cancer screening save lives?

BACKGROUND:

From July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004, a population‐based skin cancer screening project was conducted in Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany. In total, 360,288 individuals aged ≥20 years were screened by means of a whole‐body examination. In this report, the authors compare trends in melanoma mortality in Schleswig‐Holstein with those in all adjacent regions, none of which had population‐based skin cancer screening.

METHODS:

Trends in melanoma mortality rates for Schleswig‐Holstein and the adjacent regions (Denmark and the German federal states of Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern, Hamburg, and Lower Saxony) and in Germany excluding Schleswig‐Holstein were compared. Log‐linear regression was used to assess mortality trends.

RESULTS:

In Schleswig‐Holstein during the pre skin cancer screening period (1998‐1999), the age‐standardized melanoma mortality rate (World standard population) was 1.9 per 100,000 for men and 1.4 per 100,000 for women. Melanoma mortality declined by 47% to 1.0 per 100,000 men and by 49% to 0.7 per 100,000 women by 2008/2009. The annual percentage change in the most recent 10‐year period (2000‐2009) was ?7.5% (95% confidence interval, ?14.0, ?0.5) for men and ?7.1% (95% confidence interval, ?10.5, ?2.9) for women. In each of the 4 adjacent regions and in the rest of Germany, mortality rates were stable, and the decline in Schleswig‐Holstein was significantly different from the changes observed in all of the other areas studied.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current data represent strong evidence, but not absolute proof, that the skin cancer screening program produced a reduction in melanoma mortality in Schleswig‐Holstein. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

2017年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析2017年云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。方法 收集云南省各肿瘤登记处上报的2017年恶性肿瘤发病、死亡数据和人口资料,按照性别和年龄分层计算云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病(死亡)率、中国人口年龄标化发病(死亡)率(简称中标率)、世界人口年龄标化发病(死亡)率(简称世标率)、0~74岁累积发病(死亡)率,同时分别对全省前五位发病和死亡的恶性肿瘤进一步分析。结果 云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率215.28/10万(男性227.56/10万,女性202.58/10万),中标率154.80/10万(男性164.57/10万,女性146.61/10万),世标率150.72/10万(男性162.67/10万,女性140.32/10万);恶性肿瘤发病率在40-岁年龄组前处于较低水平,之后开始快速上升,至80-岁年龄组达到高峰,之后有所下降;发病前五位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和宫颈癌。云南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡率133.62/10万(男性163.62/10万,女性102.58/10万),中标率91.06/10万(男性114.85/10万,女性68.28/10万),世标率90.17/10万(男性114.40/10万,女性67.05/10万);恶性肿瘤死亡率在45-岁年龄组后快速上升,至85+岁年龄组时达到高峰;死亡前五位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和乳腺癌。结论 肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌为云南省较为严重的恶性肿瘤,应作为我省恶性肿瘤防控的重点,此外,中老年人恶性肿瘤死亡状况不容乐观,应及时掌握癌情特点,做好防控工作。     

Trends in cancer mortality in Mexico, 1970-1999.

BACKGROUND: Few data on cancer mortality have been published for Mexico over the last few decades. It is therefore of interest to conduct a systematic and updated analysis of cancer mortality in this country. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Age-standardised (world population) mortality rates, at all ages and truncated at age 35-64 years, from major cancers and all cancers combined were computed on the basis of certified deaths derived from the World Health Organization database for the period 1970-99. RESULTS: Mortality rates for all neoplasms showed an upward trend in men of all ages (from 58.2/100,000 in 1970-74 to 87.1/100,000 in 1995-99) and in middle-aged men (from 76.1 to 93.7/100,000, respectively). This reflects the rise until the early 1990s in lung cancer mortality (from 8.1/100,000 in 1970-74 to 15.6/100,000 in 1995-99) and prostate cancer (from 5.5 to 12.2/100,000, respectively). In women, overall mortality rates showed an increase between the early 1970s (75.4/100,000) and the late 1990s (82.3/100,000). Total cancer mortality rates remained low, however, compared with other American countries (e.g. 153.3/100,000 men and 108.6/100,000 women in 1999 in the United States). Truncated rates were stable (126.5/100,000 in 1970-74 and 125.8/100,000 in 1995-99), although they were much higher than overall rates, reflecting exceedingly high rates for uterine (mostly cervical) cancer mortality in middle-aged women (29.5/100,000 in 1995-99). CONCLUSIONS: Total cancer mortality in Mexico has remained comparably low on a worldwide scale, and the upward trends in mortality rates for lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms have tended to level off over the last decade. However, steady rises have been observed for other major cancers, including prostate and breast. Cervical cancer remains a major health problem in women.     

Incidence of dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an Appalachian population.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer mortality rates in the Appalachian population of southeastern Kentucky have been shown to be unusually high. To better understand the high cervical cancer death rate in this area, we developed a population-based cervical disease registry. PURPOSE: This study describes the incidence of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cervical cancer in 1986 and 1987 among White women in a 36-county area of Appalachian Kentucky based on histologic diagnoses. METHODS: We compared average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer in the study area with those for women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. RESULTS: The incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer for women in the study area (14.9 per 100,000) was nearly twice that for White women in the SEER population (7.8 per 100,000), but it was similar to that for Black women in the SEER population (15.3 per 100,000). The incidence of carcinoma in situ for women in the study population (38.2 per 100,000) was 21% higher than that for White women (31.5 per 100,000) or for Black women (31.2 per 100,000) in the SEER population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for all grades of dysplasia among women in the study population was 194.6 per 100,000. No comparable population-based incidence rates for dysplasia could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer incidence rates are higher in Appalachian Kentucky than in the SEER population. Poverty appears to be a factor associated with these rates. IMPLICATIONS: Low-density populations such as those in rural Appalachia deserve greater attention in cancer control research. The population-based cervical dysplasia rates reported here may be useful for comparisons in future investigations.     

Recent trends in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe

Colorectal cancer mortality has been declining over the last two decades in Europe, particularly in women, the trends being, however, different across countries and age groups. We updated to 2007 colorectal cancer mortality trends in Europe using data from the World Health Organization (WHO). Rates were analyzed for the overall population and separately in young, middle‐age and elderly populations. In the European Union (EU), between 1997 and 2007 mortality from colorectal cancer declined by around 2% per year, from 19.7 to 17.4/100,000 men (world standardized rates) and from 12.5 to 10.5/100,000 women. Persisting favorable trends were observed in countries of western and northern Europe, while there were more recent declines in several countries of eastern Europe, including the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia particularly in women (but not Romania and the Russian Federation). In 2007, a substantial excess in colorectal cancer mortality was still observed in Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, the Czech Republic and Slovenia in men (rates over 25/100,000), and in Hungary, Norway, Denmark and Slovakia in women (rates over 14/100,000). Colorectal mortality trends were more favorable in the young (30–49 years) from most European countries, with a decline of ～2% per year since the early 1990s in both men and women from the EU. The recent decreases in colorectal mortality rates in several European countries are likely due to improvements in (early) diagnosis and treatment, with a consequent higher survival from the disease. Interventions to further reduce colorectal cancer burden are, however, still warranted, particularly in eastern European countries.     

The recent mortality and incidence rate of cancer of the nose, nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses

A case-control study was performed on cancer of the nose, nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses from 1982 through 1984 in Hokkaido. Maxillary sinus cancer accounted for 84% of this cancer in men and 87% in women. Histologically, squamous cell cancer was observed in 91% of the men and 83% of the women. The age-standardized incidence rates of this cancer were 1.3 per 100,000 for men and 0.4 for women. These figures were compared with the age-standardized mortality rates of this cancer for 1975 and 1980 by sex.     

Incidence of cancer in Nairobi,Kenya (2004–2008)

Cancer incidence rates are presented for the Nairobi Cancer Registry, a population‐based cancer registry (PBCR) covering the population of the capital city of Kenya (3.2 million inhabitants in 2009). Case finding was by active methods, with standard and checks for accuracy and validity. During the period 2004–2008 a total of 8,982 cases were registered comprising 3,889 men (an age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 161 per 100,000) and 5,093 women (ASR 231 per 1,00,000). Prostate cancer was the most common cancer in men (ASR 40.6 per 100,000) while breast cancer was the most common among women (ASR 51.7 per 100,000). Cervical cancer ranked the second most common cancer among women in Nairobi with an ASR of 46.1 per 100,000, somewhat lower than those of other registries in East Africa region. Breast and cervical cancers accounted for 44% of all cancers in women. Cancer of the oesophagus was common in both sexes, with a slight excess of cases in men (sex ratio 1.3). Unlike other regions in East Africa, the rate of Kaposi sarcoma was relatively low during the period (men 3.6/100,000; women 2.0/100,000). Although incidence rates cannot be calculated for the early years of the registry, the increase in relative frequency of prostate cancer and declines in frequency of Kaposi sarcoma may indicate underlying trends in the risk of these cancers.