北京郊区12?14岁男女学生骨密度的研究

目的　了解本市郊区 1 2～ 1 4岁少年男女骨密度 (BMD)的变化规律。方法　利用双能X射线骨密度仪对 30 6例健康男女中学生行左前臂、腰椎和全身扫描 ,按性别不同 ,每 1岁分 1个组。结果　该年龄段男女孩各部位BMD每年都有不同程度的增加 ,女孩高于男孩。各部位BMD以腰椎最高 ,全身总的BMD次之 ,前臂BMD最低。 1 2～ 1 3岁女孩身高与各部位BMD呈明显正相关 (P <0 0 1 ,r=0 331～ 0 62 1 ) ,1 3～ 1 4岁男孩身高与各部位BMD呈明显正相关 (P <0 0 1 ,r =0 339～0 662 )。体重与BMD始终相关 ,腰椎与全身总的BMD相关性最后 (P <0 0 0 1 ,r =0 674～ 0 81 1 )。结论　不同部位BMD的增长快慢不一 ,测量腰椎BMD能够较好地反映全身BMD状况 ,体重对BMD的影响比身高对BMD的影响大     

600例学龄少女前臂骨密度的研究

目的了解少女(10～11岁)前臂骨密度(BMD)年增长情况以及BMD与身高、体重的关系.方法对600例健康少女行左前臂扫描,按首次平均体重指数(BMI)分组,正常组(BMI=14.2～19.6),超重组(BMI＞19.6),偏轻组(BMI＜14.2).一年后,采用同台双能X线骨密度仪再次扫描,追踪观察一年中BMD的变化.结果600例少女前臂远端1/10、1/3处BMD年均增长率分别为3.9%和10.6%,年增长率以正常组最快,超重组次之,偏轻组最慢.前后两次前臂远端1/10、1/3处BMD与身高、体重均呈明显正相关(r=0.307～0.649,P＜0.001).结论该年龄段发育正常者身高、体重和BMD的年增长均最快.     

去卵巢对大鼠骨密度的影响

目的：探讨去卵巢对大鼠骨密度（BMD）的影响。方法；20只3．5月龄SD雌性大鼠分别除双侧卵巢（OVX）或假性去卵巢（Sham)，术后14周处死，应用QDR－4500A型扇形束双能X射线吸收法（DXA）测量大鼠全身、离体股骨、胫骨、腰维及兴趣区的BMD。结果：①术后6周OVX组全身BMD显低Sham组（P＝0．048），术后14周两组无显性差异；②术后14周OVX组离体股骨BMD显低于Sham组（P＜0．01），股骨远侧干骺端平均降低11．6％（P＜0．001）；③术后14周右侧离体胫骨BMD两组间差异无显性，但OVX组胫骨的端干骺端BMD显低于Sham组（P＜0．001）；④术后14周OVX组腰椎（L4－L6）的BMD显低于Sham组（P＝0．014），第六腰椎降低明显，平均降低8．1％（P＝0．005）。结论：去卵巢所致骨丢失以松质骨含量丰富的兴趣区明显。     

市区与郊区青少年骨密度变化的比较

目的:了解市区与郊区12～14岁男女骨密度(BMD)的变化规律.方法:利用双能X线骨密度仪对613例健康中学生男女行全身扫描.其中,市区307人,郊区306人;男生296例,女生317例.结果:市区12～14岁男女孩的身高、体重及全身总BMD和总骨矿含量(BMC)等分别都高于郊区同龄男女.市区男女身高比郊区男女高2～5cm,市区男女的体重比郊区男女重2～10kg,市区男女孩的BMD和BMC明显高于郊区男女(P＜0.01).女孩BMD值高于同龄男孩,且女孩BMD年增长速度快于同龄男孩,女孩BMD年增长2.7%～8.1%,男孩BMD年增长2.1%～2.5%.结论:该年龄段(12～14岁)女孩BMD高于同龄男孩,郊区男女生长发育比市区同龄男女晚约1～2年.     

健康青年男子体成分及全身骨密度相关分析研究

目的　调查我国青年健康男子的体成分和骨密度 (BMD) ,为骨质疏松预防、诊断、治疗提供科学依据。方法　应用DEXA测定了 15 5例年龄为 18.0～ 2 3.9岁健康青年男子的体成分、全身及腰椎和前臂的BMD。结果　上肢的BMD有随年龄而增长的趋势 ,全身及其他各部位的骨矿 (BMC)和BMD各年龄组间差异无显著性 (P >0 . 0 5 ) ;全身各部位的BMD除腰椎外 ,均随着体重指数 (BMI)的增高而增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;腰椎2 4BMD与瘦体重的相关系数达到 0 .6 89(P <0 .0 1) ,与体脂含量的相关系数只有0 12 7(P >0 . 0 5 ) ;当BMI在 18. 5～ 2 4 . 9时 ,瘦体重随着BMI的增加而增加 ,当BMI升至 2 5时 ,瘦体重不再增加。结论　瘦体重可能是影响BMD的重要因素。     

Graves病患者单能X射线测定骨密度研究

目的 研究Graves病对患骨密度的影响。方法 用单能X射线骨密度仪测定146例年龄21－60岁Graves病（GD）患右跟骨骨密度，并以120例年龄，性别相匹配的健康作为对照组。结果 GD组BMD与对照组比较，P＜0．001，二组差异有非常显性；GD组骨量减少的发病率为78．08％，对照组为47．50％，P＜0．001，二组差异有非常显性；GD组BMD减少两性差异无显性。GD组骨质疏松（OP）发病率为33．50％，对照组为7．50％，P＜0．001，二组差异有非常显性。GD组OP男女二组差异无显性。GD组和对照组男女各按每10岁为一年龄段再分亚组进行BMD及T－Score的比较，除51－60岁亚组差异无显性外，其余各年龄段亚组均有显性差异或非常显性差异；对GD患性别，年龄，居住地（农村或城市），甲亢是否控制及病程与BMD作Logistic回归相关分析，仅提示甲亢病情是否控制与BMD降低有关，OR＝2．8676（95％CI1．0993－7．5216）。结论 GD患BMD明显减低，骨量减少，OP发病率明显增高，并且无性别差异，BMD的降低仅与GD患甲亢是否控制有关。     

髋部骨矿骨密度在人工全髋关节置换后的改变

目的：观察人工全髋关节置换术后在假体周围的髋骨骨矿量（BMC）骨密度（BMD）的改变规律。方法：采用DPX－L骨密度仪连续追踪调查52例人工全髋关节置换术后3、6、12、24和36个月的髋骨假体周围的BMC和BMD，以术前、后健侧髋为对照，进行分析研究。结果：发现术后3、6个月BMC和BMD均较术前下降（P≤0．05），患髋经12－24个月运动练习，BMC和BMD逐渐增加，至36个月时达到或接近健侧髋骨水平并获得稳定（P≤0．01）。结果显示BMC和BMD的改变与人工全髋关节的固定方式即骨水泥固定与生物型固定无明显关系（P＜0．01）。结论：人工全髋关节置换术后6个月内BMC和BMD呈不同程度下降，患髋经12－24个月运动练习，BMC和BMD逐渐增加，至36个月时达到健侧髋骨的水平并获得稳定，与固定方式无明显关系。     

青少年不同部位骨密度的变化

目的观察12～14岁青少年男女不同部位骨密度(BMD)的变化规律.方法利用双能X线骨密度仪对306例健康男女中学生行左前臂、腰椎和全身扫描,按性别不同,每一岁分一个组.结果该年龄段(12～14岁)女孩BMD年增长速度快于同龄男孩,其BMD值也高于同龄男孩.各部位BMD值腰椎最高,其次为全身总BMD和前臂远端1/3处,前臂远端1/10处最低.男女BMD年增长速度以腰椎和前臂远端1/10处较快.腰椎与全身总BMD相关性最好(P<0.001,r=0.674～0.811).结论该年龄段男女各部位BMD增长快慢不一,松质BMD增加快于皮质BMD.测量腰椎BMD能反映全身BMD状况.     

晋城地区健康人群前臂骨峰值骨量的建立

目的：建立晋城地区健康人群前臂骨密度（ BMD）的峰值骨量和标准差值,为开展周围型双能X线骨密度仪测定及骨质疏松症研究提供基础数据。方法采用韩国产双能X线骨矿测量仪（ EXA－3000）对晋城地区1400例21～55岁的健康体检人群进行左侧前臂骨密度测定,进行非优势侧（左侧）前臂远端尺桡骨的BMD值测定,并分析其年龄分布,建立晋城地区健康人群前臂远端骨密度的峰值骨量和标准差值。骨质疏松的骨量诊断以骨量峰值的均数±标准差的形式建立,均数的计算采用三次方回归方程模型进行拟合。结果男、女性前臂骨的BMD值均符合正态分布,可采用均数±标准差（ xˉ±s）的形式表示。40岁以前男、女性前臂骨的BMD值均随年龄增加而逐步上升,且各年龄段BMD值的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。45岁以后男、女性前臂骨的BMD值开始下降,且50岁以后下降明显（ P＜0．05）。男、女性前臂骨的骨量峰值均出现在41～45岁年龄段。男、女性前臂远端尺桡骨的骨量峰值及标准差分别为（0．5682±0．0647）g／cm2、（0．4209±0．0689）g／cm2。结论建立了晋城地区健康人群男、女性前臂骨的骨量峰值和标准差,为周围型双能X线骨密度仪测定并开展骨质疏松症的研究提供基础数据,尤其是用于高危人群筛查,以便确定是否需要进一步开展中轴骨测量或进行药物治疗。     

DXA测量活体大鼠骨的精密性及骨丢失的检测

目的 了解QDR－4500A型双能X射线吸收法（DXA）测量活体大鼠的精密性和探测去卵巢后大鼠骨丢失的能力。方法 测量15只体重为202－311g的SD大鼠全身、股骨及腰椎的骨密度（BMD）,每只大鼠测量3次,可得变异系数（CV）,15只大鼠CV的平均值为该指标的批内CV。结果 ①全身、股骨、腰椎BMD的批内CV分别为0．71％、2．02％和2．44％。全身BMD的批内CV显著低于股骨和腰椎（P＜0．05）;②全身BMD的批间CV为0．99％,股骨整体为2．81％,腰椎总体（L3－L6）为3．42％;③术后4周去卵巢组全身、股骨、腰椎BMD与假手术组比较无显著性变化,而股骨远侧干骺端BMD低于假手术组（P＜0．05）;④去卵巢后14周腰椎总体（L4－L6）的BMD低于假手术组（P＜0．05）。结论 QDR－4500A型DXA测量大鼠全身、股骨和腰椎BMD有较好的精密性,全身优于局部骨骼;其精密性能满足检出去卵巢后骨丢失。     

体重对成年女性骨矿含量及其标化的影响研究

目的分析不同体重组人群[小体重组(<45 kg)、标准体重组(45~60 kg)、大体重组(>60 kg)]的骨矿含量结果,探索体重对骨矿含量及其标化的影响。方法纳入290例50~80岁绝经后女性,按体重大小分为大体重组、标准体重组、小体重组。通对不同体重组人群的腰椎L_1~4、股骨的骨矿含量及骨密度进行测量,并对测量结果进行比较分析。同时将年龄、体重作为应变量,腰椎或股骨颈骨矿含量作为自变量,进行多重线性回归分析。结果低体重组的腰椎或股骨颈骨密度T值、骨矿含量均明显低于标准体重组和高体重组人群。随着年龄增长,L_1~4及股骨颈骨矿含量均下降,年龄每升高1岁,L_1~4骨矿含量下降0.364 g、股骨颈骨矿含量下降0.031 g;随着体重增长,L_1~4及股骨颈骨矿含量均升高,体重每增长1 kg,L_1~4骨矿含量升高0.548 g、股骨颈骨矿含量升高0.025 g。结论成年女性的体重与骨矿含量显著正相关,因此,体重是骨矿含量标化的重要指标之一,可以避免骨质疏松的漏误诊。     

Peripheral Bone Mineral Density and Different Intensities of Physical Activity in Children 6–8 Years Old: The Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study

This study aimed to evaluate the association between objectively measured habitual physical activity and calcaneal and forearm bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm²), one mechanically more loaded and one less loaded skeletal region, in children aged 6–8 years. BMD was measured in 297 boys and 265 girls by peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the forearm and calcaneus. An accelerometer registered the level of physical activity during 4 days (2 weekdays and the weekend). Weight, height, and skinfold thickness were measured. In order to establish thresholds (count · min⁻¹) for bone-stimulating physical activity, we evaluated different definitions of vigorous physical activity. The boys had 3.2% higher distal forearm bone mineral content (BMC, P < 0.001) and 4.5% higher distal forearm BMD (P < 0.001) than the girls. They also carried out 9.7% more daily physical activity and spent 14.6–19.0% more time in vigorous physical activity (all P < 0.05) compared to the girls. In contrast, the girls had 3.8% higher calcaneal BMC (P < 0.01) and 2.5% higher calcaneal BMD (P < 0.05) than the boys. Both calcaneal and forearm BMD were significantly related to total time of daily physical activity as well as with intense physical activity above all the chosen cut-off points (all P < 0.05). The β value for mean count · min⁻¹ physical activity was significantly lower than that for all the chosen cut-off points of vigorous activity both for calcaneal and distal forearm BMD. This study suggests that both habitual daily physical activity and amount of vigorous physical activity in children aged 6–8 years are associated with appendicular BMD.     

体重、身高对成都地区青壮年腰椎、髋部骨量的影响

目的　研究体重、身高对青壮年腰椎、髋部骨量的影响。方法　随机抽取成都地区年龄在 2 0～ 39岁 ,排除心肝肺肾、内分泌等慢性病、骨代谢疾病及脊椎畸形者 2 37名 (其中男性 10 8名 ,女性 12 9名 ) ,采用美国Lunar公司生产DPX L型双能X线骨密度仪测定受试者腰椎和髋部的骨矿含量 (BMC)、面积 (AREA)、骨密度 (BMD)。全部资料输入微机 ,用SPSS软件进行统计学处理。结果　体重、身高、体重指数 (BMI)与腰椎、髋部的BMC、Area、BMD呈正相关 ,其中体重与腰椎、髋部的BMC、Area中等程度相关 (r=0 39～ 0 5 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,身高与腰椎 (L2 - 4)AREA相关性最好 (r=0 75 8,P <0 0 1) ,体重、身高与BMD相关性差 (r=0 15 2～ 0 2 2 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。男性腰椎及髋部的BMC、AREA均明显高于同年龄组女性 (P <0 0 1) ,男、女L2 - 4BMD无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,男性略低于女性。L2 - 4BMC与体重比值及L2 - 4AREA与体重比值 ,男、女无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。L2 - 4Area与身高比值男性明显高于女性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　体重对青壮年BMC的影响大于身高 ,身高对L2 - 4AREA影响最大 ,男、女体重、身高的差异决定了峰值骨量的差异。BMC、Area、BMD 3项指标中 ,BMC更能反映体重、身高的差异 ,用BMC诊断骨质疏松     

北京青春期女孩低体重及其对健康影响的研究

目的：调查青春期女孩低体重率并探讨适合我国青春期女孩体重指数（BMI）的评价标准。方法：对1214名北京城乡12-13岁女学生1995年营养状况调查的样本资料进行分析,指标包括年龄、身高、体重、BMI、骨龄、月经初潮、第二性征发育、左前臂远端1/3和1/10位点桡尺骨骨矿含量、骨密度、骨宽度。BMI评价采用改良的我国卫生部和国家教委标准及世界卫生组织推荐标准。结果：低体重率（BMI＜18)为32.2%,低体重组比正常体重组生长发育指标明显滞后,尺骨远端1/3位点骨矿含量（BMC）低于平均水平的危险性增加（Odds值1.75,95%可信可间为1.04-2.95）75%。结论：高的低体重率是北京青春期女孩的主要营养健康问题,BMI＜18可作为生长发育滞后和具有低骨密度危险的分界点,月经初潮可作为营养状况的监测指标。对低体重女孩应采取营养等干预措施,以促进其生长发育和骨骼健康。     

间歇皮下注射人甲状旁腺激素不同片段(hFTH1-34及 hFTH1-84)对去卵巢大鼠股骨及腰椎骨量的影响

目的 比较间歇皮下注射人甲状旁腺激素不同片段（hPTH1-34)及（hPTH1-84)对完整雌性（Non-OVX)大鼠和去卵巢（OVX）大鼠股骨及腰椎1－4骨矿物含量（BMC）和骨密度（BMD）的影响。方法 Wistar雌性大鼠176只，分为hPTH1-34和hPTH1-84两大组（各80只及96只），每大组及各自分4组（每组各20只或24只），分别为：两组安慰剂组（未切卵巢及切卵巢）用安慰剂（PBS）进行皮下注射，每周3次，共2周；两组治疗组（未切卵巢及切卵巢）用hPTH1-34或hPTH1-84，皮下注射，每周3次，共2周。结果 1．卵巢切除术后3个月大鼠股骨及腰椎1－4BMC和BMD明显下降；2．两种片段的甲状旁腺激素（hPTH1-34及pPTH1-84)间歇注射均能使Non-OVX大鼠和OVX大鼠股骨及腰椎1－4BMC和BMD较相应对照组明显升高；且腰椎1－4较股骨的BMC和BMD升高更明显；3．OVX大鼠治疗后股骨与腰椎1－4BMC和BMD的升高率较Non-OVX大鼠更明显；OVX大鼠在治疗后股骨及腰椎骨量能恢复到去卵巢前水平；4．hPTH1-34较hPTH1-84更明显的使完整大鼠和OVX大鼠股骨BMC和BMD升高。结论 间歇皮下注射人甲状旁腺激素对大鼠股骨及腰椎骨量均有增高作用，尤其对腰椎的骨量以及对去卵巢大鼠骨量升高作用更明显；hPTH1-34片段对大鼠股骨骨量的增高作用强于hPTH1-84片段。     

中国长沙地区女性多骨骼部位骨密度参考值横断面调查

目的 横断面调查中国长沙地区女性多骨骼部位骨密度（BMD）随年龄的变化，建立诊断骨质疏松症（OP）参考数据库。方法 用DXA QDR－4500A型扇形束骨密度仪测定2702例5－96岁女性腰椎前后位（AP）和仰卧侧位、髋部及前臂38个不同区域的BMD。结果 按每5岁年龄分组分析的结果显示，38个不同骨骼区域的峰值BMD分别出现在20－24岁至40－44岁之间，其中髋部（股骨颈除外）最早（20－24岁），前臂（超远端除外）最晚（40－44岁）。结论 不同骨骼区域峰值BMD出现的年龄各异。     

Optimal monitoring time interval between DXA measures in children

The monitoring time interval (MTI) is the expected time in years necessary to identify a change between two measures that exceeds the measurement error. Our purpose was to determine MTI values for dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in normal healthy children, according to age, sex, and skeletal site. 2014 children were enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study and had DXA scans of the lumbar spine, total hip, nondominant forearm, and whole body. Measurements were obtained annually for seven visits from 2002 to 2010. Annualized rates of change were calculated by age and sex for all bone regions. A subgroup of 155 children ages 6 to 16 years (85 boys) had duplicate scans for calculation of scan precision. The bone mineral density (BMD) regions of interest included the spine, total body less head (TBLH), total hip, femoral neck, and one‐third radius. Bone mineral content (BMC) was also evaluated for the spine and TBLH. The percent coefficient of variation (%CV) and MTI were calculated for each measure as a function of age and sex. The MTI values were substantially less than 1 year for the TBLH and spine BMD and BMC for boys ≤ 17 years and girls ≤ 15 years. The hip and one‐third radius MTIs were generally 1 year in the same group. MTI values as low as 3 months were found during the peak growth years. However, the MTI values in late adolescence for all regions were substantially longer and became nonsensical as each region neared the age for peak bone density. All four DXA measurement sites had reasonable (< 1 year) MTI values for boys ≤ 17 years and girls ≤ 15 years. MTI was neither useful nor stable in late adolescence and young adulthood. Alternative criteria to determine scan intervals must be used in this age range. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

Familial aggregation of bone mineral density and bone mineral content in a Chinese population

Familial aggregation of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) has been shown in twin and familial studies, but most sample sizes were small. We here report a large familial aggregation study in a Chinese population. A total of 13,973 siblings aged 25–64 years from 3,882 families were enrolled from Anhui, China. We assessed the whole-body, hip and lumbar spine BMD and BMC by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Intra-class correlation coefficients of BMD and BMC between siblings varied among different skeletal sites and between different age groups of male sib-pairs and premenopausal and postmenopausal female sib-pairs, with a range of 0.228 to 0.397. The sibling recurrence risk ratio (s) of osteoporosis was 2.6 in our population. We also evaluated the joint association of the BMD values of the first siblings and the second siblings with the risk of low BMD (defined as less than the 10th percentile of the same group population) of their younger siblings. If both the first and second siblings BMDs were in the lowest tertile, the odd ratios (ORs) of low BMD in their subsequent siblings were 8.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59–12.39)], 8.71 (95% CI 5.74–13.22) and 5.90 (95% CI 3.57–9.76) for total body, total hip and lumbar spine, respectively. This study demonstrates a significant familial aggregation of BMD and BMC in a large sample of rural Chinese adults.     

Concentric and eccentric isokinetic resistance training similarly increases muscular strength, fat-free soft tissue mass, and specific bone mineral measurements in young women

Summary Women participated in 5 months of unilateral concentric (n = 37) or eccentric (n = 33) isokinetic resistance training of the legs and arms. Limb muscular strength increased as did total body, leg, and arm fat-free soft tissue mass, total body BMC, hip BMD, and forearm BMC and BMD. Isokinetic training benefits bone mineral acquisition. Introduction and hypothesis Isokinetic resistance training (IRT) is osteogenic; however, it is not known if concentric or eccentric modalities of IRT produce differential effects on bone. We tested our hypothesis that high-load eccentric versus concentric mode of IRT would produce greater increases in muscular strength, fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM), bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in trained legs and arms. Methods Participants were randomized to 5 months of concentric (n = 37) or eccentric (n = 33) training. The non-dominant leg and arm were used during training; dominant limbs served as controls. Muscular strength was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer; body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Muscular strength of the concentrically and eccentrically trained leg (18.6%; 28.9%) and arm (12.5%; 24.6%) significantly increased with training. Gains in total body (TB) BMC (p < 0.05) and, in the trained limbs, total proximal femur BMD (p < 0.05) and total forearm BMD (p < 0.05) and BMC (p < 0.05) occurred in both groups. FFSTM increased for the TB and trained leg and arm (all p < 0.001) in both modes. Conclusion Regardless of the mode, high-intensity, slow-velocity IRT increases muscular strength and FFSTM of trained limbs and imparts benefits to TB BMC and site-specific BMD and BMC in young women.     

用骨强度概念探索骨密度测量的诊断指标

30多年来，医学上一直用骨矿密度（BMD,g/cm^2）诊断骨质疏松，骨质疏松引起骨折，骨折由骨强度减低引起，体重是骨强度的重要决定因素。 本引入体重评价BMC（g）和BMD两个指标。结果，体重与BMC的相关明显强于与BMD的相关，证明男女之间的BMC差由体重引起，男女间相同体重配对的BMC没有差异，所以在评价骨的 力学强度上体重标准化后BMC优于BMC指标。