辛伐他汀对心肌梗死后无症状心衰患者NT-proBNP及心功能的影响效果观察

目的观察辛伐他汀对心肌梗死后无症状心衰患者N端B型脑钠肽（NT-proBNP）及心功能的影响。方法选择我科治疗的陈旧性心肌梗死无症状心衰患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例,对照组行常规抗心衰治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用辛伐他汀治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后血浆NT-proBNP水平及心功能指标变化。结果治疗后两组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平较治疗前下降明显,差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）,观察组血浆NT-proBNP水平较对照组显著降低,差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）经心脏彩超反应心功能指标,治疗后两组LVEDd、FS、LVEF均有明显改善沪〈0．05）,观察组患者LVEDd、FS、LVEF较对照组改善更为明显（P〈0．05）。结论辛伐他汀可显著降低心肌梗死后无症状心衰患者血浆NT-proBNP水平,并显著改善心功能和心室重构。     

血浆NT-proBNP在舒张性心力衰竭疗效评价中的意义

目的探讨血浆NT-proBNP在舒张性心力衰竭治疗中的意义。方法设置舒张性心功能衰竭组（DHF患者37例）和对照组（健康体检者12例）,分别测定和比较两组血浆NT-proBNP值;比较舒张性心功能衰竭组各级心功不全者NT-proBNP值。结果心衰组血浆NT-proBNP水平显著高于对照组,且随着心功能分级升高而升高。结论NT-proBNP可作为DHF疗效评价的指标之一。     

左旋氨氯地平联合贝那普利治疗原发性高血压并左室肥厚的疗效观察

目的：探讨左旋氨氯地平联合贝那普利治疗原发性高血压并左室肥厚（LVH）患者临床效果。方法：将58例原发性高血压伴左室肥厚患者随机分为两组,治疗组30例,对照组28例。两组均给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平2.5 mg,1次/d,治疗组联合贝那普利10 mg,1次/d。治疗32周,观察降压疗效和左室肥大改善情况。结果：两组均能有效降低血压,逆转左室肥厚,改善左心功能。治疗组降压总有效率96.7%,对照组89.3%,两者差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;治疗组左室心肌重量指数（LVM I）、左室射血分数（EF）及左室舒张早期充盈峰值流速与心房收缩期充盈峰值流速之比（E/A）均较对照组改善显著,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合贝那普利治疗原发性高血压伴左室肥厚临床效果显著优于单用左旋氨氯地平,可作为治疗高血压伴左心室肥厚患者的一线用药。     

血浆 NT-proBNP水平与心力衰竭的相关性分析

目的：探讨血浆B型脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平与心力衰竭（心衰）的相关性。方法选取于该院就诊的心衰患者142例作为研究组,以及同期住院的非心衰患者140例作为对照组。研究组患者入院初即依据临床症状进行NYHA分级。于入院之后采用药物治疗之前,检测所有患者的血浆NT-proBNP水平。比较2组间以及研究组不同NYHA分级间的NT-proBNP水平。结果研究组血浆 NT-proBNP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;研究组心功能越差,血浆NT-proBNP水平越高,且各分级之间的NT-proBNP水平差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论血浆NT-proBNP水平可作为临床诊断是否存在心衰的参考指标,同时也可作为心衰诊断的独立敏感指标。     

冠心病伴牙周炎患者血浆Apelin的变化

目的了解冠心病伴牙周炎患者血浆Apelin变化及临床意义。方法收集冠心病伴牙周炎者58例,单纯冠心病不伴牙周炎50例,同期体检的健康者50人设为对照组,比较患者的探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、探诊出血指数（BOP）和血浆Apelin。结果冠心病伴牙周炎组PD、AL和BOP,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,冠心病伴牙周炎患者的Apelin明显高于冠心病组、对照组,差异有统计学意义。冠心病伴牙周炎者C反应蛋白（CRP）高于单纯冠心病组和对照组,差异有统计学意义。冠心病伴牙周炎者血浆Apelin与各指标间没有明显相关性。结论通过检测血浆Apelin及相关指标可以更全面地评价和分析冠心病伴牙周炎者的代谢及炎症状态。     

芪参益气滴丸对顽固性心力衰竭患者BNP及心功能的影响

目的观察应用芪参益气滴丸治疗顽固性心力衰竭的疗效及对血浆N末端B型钠尿肽（NT-proBNP）水平的影响。方法将86例患者随机分为两组,治疗组用西药常规治疗加用芪参益气滴丸治疗,对照组单用西药常规治疗,疗程8周。观察治疗前后血浆NT-proBNP水平,心功能改变与心脏彩超多普勒心功能指标变化。结果治疗后对照组心功能改善总有效率为81.4%,对照组心功能改善总有效率为93%;治疗后两组血浆NT-proBNP水平都明显下降,但治疗组下降水平优于对照组;左室射血分数（LVEF）及左室短轴缩短率（FS）治疗后治疗组较对照组明显增加;自身对照两组治疗后左室收缩末期（LVSD）、左室舒张末期内径（LVDD）但治疗后两组间对比差异无统计学意义。结论芪参益气滴丸能有效改善顽固性心力衰竭患者心功能,具有降低血浆NT-proBNP的作用。     

慢性心力衰竭患者 CRT治疗前后心功能及血浆ADMA和 NT-proBNP水平的变化

目的：观察慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步化治疗（ CRT）治疗前后心功能及血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸（ ADMA）和血浆N-端脑钠肽前体（ NT-proBNP）水平的变化。方法21例慢性心力衰竭患者行CRT治疗,测定治疗前及治疗后3个月、6个月NYHA心功能分级、左室射血分数（ LVEF）、左室舒张末内径（ LVEDD）及血浆ADMA、NT-proBNP变化。结果21例慢性心力衰竭患者心衰症状改善,NYHA心功能分级提高,LVEF、LVEDD、NT-proBNP等心功能指标改善,血浆NT-proBNP和ADMA水平与治疗前比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论慢性心衰经CRT治疗后心功能改善,血浆NT-proBNP及ADMA水平降低。     

急性左心衰竭患者血浆D-二聚体水平与近期心血管事件的相关性研究

本研究将急性左心衰竭或房颤患者分为无心衰、有慢性房颤组、急性左心衰伴窦性心律组、无心衰无房颤和急性左心衰伴有慢性心房颤动组,比较各组入院时的血浆D-二聚体水平,并研究其与住院期间心血管事件发生率之间的关系,明确血浆D-二聚体水平对急性左心衰伴房颤患者近期预后的影响,为临床治疗奠定基础。     

急性一氧化碳中毒血浆NT-proBNP的变化及其与LVEF之间的关系

目的：探讨血浆N末端B型脑钠肽原（NT-proBNP）在急性一氧化碳中毒（ACOP）患者心功能评价中的临床意义。方法回顾性观察2010年10月～2014年2月在我科住院的急性一氧化碳中毒患者68例,按照中毒程度分为轻、中、重3组。取同一时期30例健康体检者作为对照。患者入院后2h内抽取静脉血测定血浆NT-proBNP水平,24h内超声心动图检测左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果和对照组比较,ACOP轻、中、重度组血浆NT-proBNP水平升高,LVEF则下降,与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。轻、中、重度ACOP 3组NT-proBNP相互比较,重度组高于中度及轻度组,中度组高于轻度组,有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,而LVEF则呈相反变化趋势,NT-proBNP和LVEF具有负相关。结论 ACOP患者血浆NT-proBNP升高,LVEF则下降,且NT-proBNP随中毒程度加深而显著升高,与左室射血功能密切相关,可作为ACOP的常规检查,对ACOP后心功能评估有着重要意义。     

慢性肾脏病患者血浆氨基末端前体脑钠肽与心功能的关系

目的 研究血浆氨基末端前体脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)与心功能的关系.方法 采用固相免疫层析法检测152例不同分期慢性肾脏病(CKD)组患者与20例对照组血浆NT-proBNP水平,分析其与心脏彩超各指标、生化指标的关系.结果 伴有心衰的各期CKD患者NT-proBNP水平远高于同一分期无心衰患者;非心衰组CKD患者的NT-proBNP水平随着肾小球滤过率的下降逐渐升高;NT-proBNP水平与左房内径以及左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径均呈正相关,与心脏射血分数呈负相关.结论 NT-proBNP是早期诊断CKD患者无症状性心功能不全的敏感指标.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.