HPLC测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量.方法采用C18柱,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶50∶1)为流动相,检测波长为279nm测定.结果对照品在1.60～7.60μg/ml内呈线性关系,r=0.9998,加样回收率平均为99.0%,RSD为2.2%.结论本法准确、稳定、重复性好,可用于测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量.     

高效液相色谱法测定龙胆泻肝丸中栀子苷的含量

目的:用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆泻肝丸中栀子苷的含量.方法:采用Thermo C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(15:85)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长为238 nm.结果:对照品在5.5～16.5μg/ml范围内呈线性关系,γ=0.999 8,加样回收率平均为97.2%(n=6),RSD为2.3%,结论:本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于测定龙胆泻肝丸中栀子苷的含量.     

HPLC测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的　用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量。方法　采用C18柱 ,以甲醇 水 冰醋酸 (5 0 ∶5 0 ∶1)为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 79nm测定。结果　对照品在 1.6 0～ 7.6 0 μg/ml内呈线性关系 ,r=0 .9998,加样回收率平均为 99.0 % ,RSD为2 .2 %。结论　本法准确、稳定、重复性好 ,可用于测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量     

龙胆泻肝丸中龙胆苦苷含量的检测方法

目的建立龙胆泻肝丸中龙胆苦苷含量测定的方法。方法色谱柱:VP-ODS柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:A组分:乙腈:0.1%磷酸溶液(10∶90);检测波长270nm;流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:25℃。结果龙胆苦苷的线性范围是0.3554～5.331μg,r=0.9998,平均回收率是100.04%,RSD=1.80%。结论该法可同时测定龙胆泻肝丸中龙胆苦苷和栀子苷的含量。     

龙胆泻肝丸的质量标准补充研究

目的:对龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)质量标准进行补充研究。方法:采用薄层色谱法,对当归、泽泻、黄芩、柴胡、甘草、23-乙酰泽泻醇B、龙胆苦苷、栀子苷、甘草苷进行鉴别;采用HPLC法测定23-乙酰泽泻醇B的含量,色谱柱为Waters Symmetry C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液(62∶38),流速1.0 m L·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长208 nm。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,专属性强,重复性良好。23-乙酰泽泻醇B在20~2 000 ng范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9);平均回收率(n=6)为104.2%,RSD为0.9%。结论:本文建立的鉴别和含量测定方法可为龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)的质量标准完善提供参考。     

HPLC法测定龙胆泻肝丸中龙胆苦苷的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定龙胆泻肝丸中龙胆苦苷含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为VP-ODS(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(15∶85),检测波长为270nm,流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为25℃。结果:龙胆苦苷进样量在0.3554～5.331μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998);平均回收率为100.05%,RSD=2.2%(n=6)。结论:本方法简便、快速、准确,可用于龙胆泻肝丸的质量控制。     

HPLC同时测定龙胆泻肝丸(浓缩丸)中龙胆苦苷、栀子苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的:建立同时测定龙胆泻肝丸(浓缩丸)中龙胆苦苷、栀子苷和黄芩苷的高效液相色谱分析方法.方法:采用安捷伦C 18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇(A)-0.2％磷酸溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～25min,20％A;25～30min,20％A→43％A;30～50min,43％A),流速:1.0mL/min,检测波长分别为280nm(黄芩苷、龙胆苦苷)和238nm(栀子苷);柱温:30℃.结果:龙胆苦苷在0.31754～3.1754μg之间线性关系良好,r=0.9996,栀子苷在0.16760～1.6760μg之间线性关系良好,r=0.9995,黄芩苷在0.16836～1.6836μg之间线性关系良好,r=0.9996,龙胆苦苷的平均回收率为98.63％,RSD=0.83％,栀子苷的平均回收率为97.98％,RSD=0.94％,黄芩苷的平均回收率为97.90％,RSD=1.02％.结论:该方法操作简单,重复性好,准确度高,分离效果好,可以用于龙胆泻肝丸(浓缩丸)的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定青果丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的:建立测定青果丸中黄芩苷含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18(150 mm×4.60mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-0.02 mol/l磷酸(45∶55∶0.2,V/V/V),流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μl,检测波长为278 nm。结果:黄芩苷检测质量浓度在10²00μg/ml范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9,n=6);精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD≤0.96%;平均加样回收率为99.53%,RSD=1.07%(n=9)。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于青果丸中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

HPLC测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量

目的 用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量。方法 采用C18柱，以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50：50：1)为流动相，检测波长为279nm测定。结果 对照品在1．60～7．60μg／ml内呈线性关系，r=0．9998，加样回收率平均为99．0％，RSD为2．2％．结论 本法准确、稳定、重复性好，可用于测定龙胆泻肝丸中黄芩苷的含量．     

基于指纹图谱和多成分含量测定的龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)质量研究

目的：建立龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)的HPLC指纹图谱,同时测定龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)中7个成分(栀子苷、龙胆苦苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、甘草酸、汉黄芩素)的含量,并基于指纹图谱和多成分含量测定结果评价产品质量。方法：采用CAPCELL PAK C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈 -0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长254 nm,柱温25 ℃。建立龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)指纹图谱并进行相似度分析,同时测定其中7个成分含量。结果：在指纹图谱研究中,以黄芩苷为参照峰,共标定20个共有峰,并指认出7个色谱峰,采用指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012年版) 进行相似度分析,30批龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)相似度在0.815~1.000。7个化学成分线性关系良好,加样回收在97.7%~104.3%之间,RSD均小于2.0%。30批样品中栀子苷、龙胆苦苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、甘草酸、汉黄芩素的质量分数依次为2.48~3.59、1.90~6.11、3.51~8.09、0.59~1.70、0.18~1.95、 0.90~1.63、0.10~0.87 mg·g^-1。结论：研究建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合多成分同时测定的方法,操作简便,结果准确、稳定,可为龙胆泻肝丸(水丸)的质量评价提供参考。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.