白内障合并年龄相关性黄斑变性患者行超声乳化晶状体吸出术临床疗效

目的探讨超声乳化晶状体吸出术治疗白内障合并年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)患者的疗效及对黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的影响。方法回顾分析我院行超声乳化晶状体吸出术的白内障患者72例(80眼),其中单纯白内障患者40例(44眼),合并AMD患者32例(36眼);于我院门诊就诊确诊近期不行手术合并AMD的白内障患者30例(32眼)。分别于术前,术后1d、1周、4周、3个月检测患者的最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度及黄斑区组织变化情况,并作比较。结果单纯白内障组和合并AMD组分别有43眼(97.73%)和25眼(69.44%)术后视力较术前有不同程度提高;AMD未手术组12眼(37.50%)视力有不同程度下降,未发现视力提高者。单纯白内障组和合并AMD组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较术前增加,但仅在术后4周与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.567,P=0.012;t=3.076,P=0.003),且与单纯白内障组相比,合并AMD组术后4周时黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度增加更为明显,差异有统计学意义(t=2.044,P=0.044);AMD未手术组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单纯白内障组有5眼视网膜厚度明显增加,1眼于术后4周出现黄斑囊样水肿;合并AMD组有8眼视网膜厚度明显增加,2眼出现黄斑囊样水肿,未发现脉络膜新生血管产生者;AMD未手术组观察期内未发现黄斑区明显改变者。结论合并AMD的白内障患者经超声乳化晶状体吸出术后视力可有不同程度提高,手术本身并不诱导脉络膜新生血管的产生。超声乳化晶状体吸出术对于合并AMD的白内障患者是一种相对安全的手术方法。     

老年性黄斑变性合并白内障的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨伴有较严重老年性黄斑变性的白内障患者的手术治疗效果，评价其手术价值。方法 回顾整理伴有较严重AMD患者的白内障手术治疗，共35例38只眼，对其中27名患者的29只眼实施的是超声乳化人工晶体植入术。对其余8名患者的9只眼实施的传统白内障摘除、人工晶体植入术。结果 术后患者视力除1例术后视力不提高外，其他均较术前有不同程度的提高，其中指数2只眼(5．3％)，0．01～0．08者11只眼(28．9％)，0．1～0．2者12只眼(31．6％)，0．3者8只眼(21．1％)，0．4～0．5者5只眼(13．2％)；术后黄斑病变没有进一步加重。结论 较严重的AMD的患者如果同时伴有成熟的白内障。在白内障严重影响视力的情况下，积极进行白内障手术有一定的价值。     

老年黄斑变性合并白内障患者行超声乳化术疗效分析

目的 探讨老年黄斑变性合并白内障患者行超声乳化手术联合人工晶状体植入的临床效果及安全性、可行性.方法 对40例52只眼老年黄斑变性合并白内障患者,行超声乳化联合人丁晶状体植入术,其中干性老年黄斑变性者45只眼,湿性老年黄斑变性者7只眼.收集其资料进行回顾性分析,观察患者术后视力改善情况及有无并发症发生.结果 术后3月时,90.38%患者视力不同程度提高,视力无明显提高甚至下降者5只眼,均为湿性黄斑变性患者.最佳矫正视力0.3-0.6者12只眼(其中达0.6者8只眼),0.1-0.3者35只眼,<0.1者5只眼.4例术中后囊破裂,3例术后角膜雾状水肿.术后1年,7只眼湿性黄斑变性均有不同程度的加重,干性黄斑变性患者未发现眼底新生血管之类改变.结论 超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术可明显提高老年黄斑变性合并白内障患者术后视力,但对于湿性黄斑变性患者手术应慎重.     

联合手术治疗合并白内障的玻璃体视网膜病变

目的:探讨玻璃体视网膜病变合并白内障患者的玻璃体手术中,同期行白内障超声乳化摘除术的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析合并有白内障的玻璃体视网膜病变患者37例(40眼),实施玻璃体切割联合晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入手术,观察术后视力改善程度及术中术后并发症。结果:术后随访3~24mo,其中29眼(72%)视力有不同程度的改善,不变8眼(20%),下降3眼(8%);术后视力低下者主要原因为黄斑病变。结论:玻璃体切割联合晶状体超声乳化术治疗合并不同程度白内障玻璃体视网膜病变是安全有效的,可使患者视力改善,避免玻璃体切除术后并发白内障再次手术。     

表麻下青光眼术后超声乳化白内障吸除术21例

目的:探讨抗青光眼术后并发白内障的手术技巧,并评价手术效果与临床效果。方法:抗青光眼术后并发白内障患者21例(23眼),表麻下行白内障超声乳化摘除和人工晶状体植入术。结果:术后不同程度发生角膜水肿和虹膜反应性炎症,但均可控制。随访1/4～3a,视力≥0.5者7眼(26%),0.1～0.4者11眼(48%),视力最高0.8者3眼(13%);2眼恶性青光眼患者视力下降至指数/10cm,另1眼光感(-)。术后最终随访眼压2.26～3.72(平均2.33±1.15)kPa,与术前平均眼压2.53±1.24kPa比较,t =1.125,P>0.05,无明显差异。结论:表麻下行白内障超声乳化摘除和人工晶状体植入术治疗抗青光眼术后并发白内障患者有效,可提高中心视力。     

高度近视眼黄斑劈裂患者白内障超声乳化术临床分析

目的观察高度近视眼黄斑劈裂合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法术前行黄斑相干光断层扫描（OCT）检查筛选出高度近视并发黄斑劈裂25只眼施行白内障超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术,随访3～9个月,记录术中、术后并发症,并观察患者术后视力及屈光状态变化。结果术后3个月后矫正视力≥0.8者7只眼（28%）,矫正视力0.5～0.7者4只眼（16%）,矫正视力0.3～0.4者5只眼（20%）,矫正视力0.1～0.2者6只眼（24%）,矫正视力〈0.1者3只眼（12%）。随访期内视力稳定。术后3个月患者平均屈光度为（-1.54±0.87）D。术后无黄斑水肿、出血及视网膜脱离,术后5只眼后囊混浊行激光后囊膜切除术,患者主观满意度96%。结论高度近视并发黄斑劈裂行白内障超声乳化术及人工晶状体植入术,能够有效提高患者视力,提高患者生存质量,手术安全,疗效可靠。     

高龄患者小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入观察

目的 探讨高龄白内障患者小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术的效果.方法 对120例(146眼)高龄白内障患者行小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术,对术后视力及并发症进行分析.结果 随访6月～1年,术后视力≦0.08者10眼(6.85%),0.1～0.3者29眼(19.86%),0.4～0.6者56眼(38.36%),>0.6者51眼(34.93%).术中后囊破裂8眼(8.22%),术后角膜水肿23眼(15.75%).结论 小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术,安全,效果好,适合于高龄白内障患者,术前患者全身状况的评估可以降低手术风险.     

白内障伴血液系统疾病行超声乳化术临床分析

目的:评价超声乳化技术在伴有血液系统疾病的白内障患者手术的临床效果。方法:伴有血液系统疾病的白内障患者14例19眼,行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术,观察术前术后视力变化。结果:所有术眼视力均有不同程度的提高。最佳矫正视力≥0.3者15眼占79%,最佳矫正视力≥0.5者10眼占53%。结论:伴有血液系统疾病的白内障患者在一定程度上可以行白内障超声乳化合并人工晶状体植入术。     

青光眼术后经颞侧行小切口白内障手术

目的:探讨表面麻醉联合球结膜下麻醉经颞侧施行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入手术效果。方法:对32例40眼青光眼小梁切除术后的白内障患者用倍诺喜表面麻醉联合球结膜下注射20g/L利多卡因麻醉,行改良小切口白内障囊外摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,分析手术的麻醉效果及手术后的治疗效果。结果:全部患眼均能达到理想的麻醉镇痛效果,顺利完成手术,术后视力<0.1者5眼(12.5%),视力0.1～0.4者9眼(22.5%),术后视力≥0.5者26眼(65.0%),所有患眼术后视力与术前比较均有提高。结论:表面麻醉联合球结膜下麻醉经颞侧施行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入手术,是治疗青光眼小梁切除术后白内障有效的手术方式,手术操作简便,不需要昂贵的手术设备,适用于基层医院开展。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的探讨经睫状体平坦部闭合式玻璃体切除联合保留前囊晶状体超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体(PCIOL)植入(联合手术)治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析合并不同程度白内障的PDR36例(39眼)实施联合手术,观察术后视力改善程度及术中、术后并发症。结果36例(39眼)成功地进行了联合手术。术后随访2月～3年半,平均13.4月。术后37眼(94.87%)视力不同程度提高,视力≥0.05者26眼(66.67%),≥0.1者17眼(43.59%),≥0.3者7眼(17.95%);视力下降2眼(5.13%)。术后视力低下者伴有糖尿病性黄斑水肿、硬性渗出或糖尿病性视神经病变。术中并发症包括晶状体核碎块致视网膜损伤3眼(7.69%)及前囊破裂2眼(5.13%);术后并发症包括玻璃体积血4眼(10.26%),角膜轻度水肿和一过性眼压升高各2眼(5.13%),后发障3眼(7.69%),虹膜红变和眼球萎缩各1眼(2.56%)。结论经睫状体平坦部闭合式玻璃体切除联合保留前囊晶状体超声乳化及PCIOL植入术较安全有效。     

Therapeutic approach in patients with age-related macular degeneration and cataract

Management of the patient with coexisting cataract and AMD presents unique challenges to the cataract surgeon, the retina specialist, and the patient. A common clinical scenario is the patient in whom both the cataract and macular pathology appear to be contributing to decreased visual acuity. As with any surgery, the expectations from cataract removal must be evaluated thoroughly and understood clearly by both the patient and the cataract surgeon. Most patients with AMD who undergo cataract surgery feel that the surgery is worthwhile, and they report improvement of visual function and quality of life. In patients with mild AMD, improvement in central visual acuity and attainment of driving vision are realistic and achievable goals. In an eye with central disciform scarring or geographic atrophy there may be potential for improvement in color discrimination, contrast, or clarity of peripheral vision. In cases of dense cataract obscuring macular detail, cataract removal may be necessary to allow for adequate biomicroscopy and angiography, especially in an eye that may be at high risk for the development of choroidal neovascularization. It is often challenging to estimate the relative impact on visual impairment made by the lens opacities and the macular changes and the benefits and risks of cataract surgery in eyes with AMD should be carefully evaluated. Is cataract surgery justified in these patients? Does cataract surgery aggravate AMD in some patients?     

Outcome of cataract surgery in patients with retinitis pigmentosa

AIM: To determine the visual benefit of cataract extraction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and to identify risk factors for poor outcome. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of a continuous series of 142 eyes of 89 patients with retinitis pigmentosa undergoing cataract surgery between 1985 and 1997. RESULTS: Mean age at surgery was 47.5 years (range 24-81 years). In 100 eyes there was posterior subcapsular lens opacity alone, 37 eyes also had moderate nuclear sclerosis, and five had only nuclear sclerosis. All patients had central visual fields of <10 degrees. Overall, mean visual acuity improved from 1.05 (SD 0.38) preoperatively to 0.63 (SD 0.49) postoperatively on the logMAR scale. Significant postoperative capsular opacification occurred in 88/139 eyes (63%) and 45.1% required capsulotomy. Anterior capsulotomy was undertaken in 5/52 (9.6%) eyes undergoing phacoemulsification. Postoperative macular oedema was noted in 20 (14%) eyes. Visual acuity improved in 109 eyes (77%), was unchanged in 29 eyes (20.5%), and worsened after surgery in four eyes (2.5%). 86/89 patients reported major improvement of visual function. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery for relatively minor lens opacities is beneficial in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, and most report subjective improvement of visual symptoms. The incidence of capsular opacification is high and anterior capsular contraction may occur. The number of eyes with poor vision due to macular oedema was unexpectedly low.     

湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者白内障术后视力评估

目的:分析术前合并有年龄相关黄斑变性(wet age-related macular degeneration,wAMD)的白内障患者行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术后视力的恢复情况.方法:收集2013-06/2016-01于西安交通大学第一附属医院眼科就诊行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术患者的资料,筛选出术前合并wAMD且处于稳定期的患者48例61眼进行回顾性分析,对其手术前后视力的差异进行统计分析.结果:选取的61眼患者中49眼术后视力有提高,11眼术后视力无提高,1眼术后视力下降.手术前后视力进行秩合检验比较发现,术后视力明显优于术前视力,手术前后视力差异有统计学意义.未发现术后视力的改善情况与患者年龄的相关性.结论:对于术前合并wAMD的白内障患者,进行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术可以较为有效地改善患者视力.     

Phacoemulsification does not induce neovascular age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: To investigate whether cataract surgery by phacoemulsification induces progression of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to neovascular AMD. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. Included were consecutive patients who had undergone phacoemulsification from January 2000 to February 2006 at the Recklinghausen Eye Centre, who had a preexisting diagnosis of early AMD and who were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery (n = 1152 eyes of 696 patients). The control group comprised phakic patients diagnosed with early AMD from January 2000 to February 2006, who did not undergo eye surgery and were followed up for at least 1 year (n = 334 eyes of 202 patients). RESULTS: At baseline, control eyes had significantly better visual acuity than those of patients who were going to have cataract surgery (0.30/0.35 +/- 0.34 vs. 0.40/0.49 +/- 0.34, respectively; median/mean +/- SD; P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney rank sum test). After 1 year, visual acuity in the control group was worse than in surgical eyes (0.30/0.39 +/- 0.38 vs. 0.20/0.26 +/- 0.30, respectively; median/mean +/- SD; P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney rank sum test). In the cataract surgery group, neovascular AMD developed in 28 (2.43%) of 1152 eyes in the first postoperative year. In the control group, it developed in 6 (1.74%) of 344 eyes within 1 year. There was no significant difference between the groups in the incidence of neovascular AMD (P = 0.57, odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI 0.52-3.24, logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and baseline visual acuity). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that cataract surgery in eyes with early AMD is not a causative factor in neovascular AMD.     

Combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage from age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: To report combined cataract extraction (CE), posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for concurrent cataract and breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage from age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Retrospective case series. RESULTS: Six eyes were included in the study. The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 3 to 22 months (mean 8 months). Preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/400 to hand motion. Postoperatively, 5/6 eyes had 2 or more lines of visual improvement. Three eyes were better than 20/200. CONCLUSIONS: Combined CE, PCIOL insertion, and PPV in selected patients with cataract and breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage from AMD was successful in improving VA in the majority of patients.     

Outcomes of surgery for posterior polar cataract

PURPOSE: To report the preferred technique and the outcomes of surgery for posterior polar cataract. SETTING: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. METHODS: Medical records of 28 eyes of 20 consecutive patients with posterior polar cataract who had cataract surgery were reviewed. The surgical techniques used, intraoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, and the causes of impaired visual acuity after surgery were examined. RESULTS: Of the 28 eyes, 25 (89.3%) with a small to medium posterior polar opacity had standard phacoemulsification or aspiration surgery. Two eyes (7.1%) with a large opacity and soft lens nucleus had pars plana lensectomy, and 1 eye (3.6%) with a large opacity and hard nucleus had intracapsular cataract extraction. Among the eyes having phacoemulsification or aspiration surgery, posterior capsule rupture occurred in 2 (7.1%). The mean visual acuity improved significantly after surgery (P <.0001); however, the postoperative visual acuity was worse than 20/20 in 7 eyes (25.0%). The cause of the low acuity was amblyopia in 4 eyes (14.3%), impaired foveal function after retinal detachment in 2 eyes (7.1%), and macular degeneration in 1 eye (3.6%). CONCLUSION: Posterior polar cataracts can be safely extracted if the appropriate surgical technique is selected. Visual acuity improved significantly in most cases, although some patients with a unilateral cataract had previously developed amblyopia.     

光学相干断层扫描（OCT）在视网膜色素变性患者白内障手术视力预后判断中的应用

目的　利用光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）判断视网膜色素变性（retinitis pigmentosa，RP）患者白内障手术后视力预后情况。方法　回顾性分析16例（24眼）RP合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术的临床结果。观察患者术前合并黄斑病变和术后发生后囊膜混浊情况，分析白内障手术前后最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity，BCVA）的变化和相关性。根据OCT的椭圆体带（ellipsoidal zone，EZ）结构完整性将RP患者分为EZ结构完全缺失组（Grade1组）、EZ结构异常或部分缺失组（Grade2组）和EZ结构基本正常组（Grade3组），观察各组术后BVCA。结果　术前有11眼RP患者合并有黄斑病变，其中黄斑囊样水肿2眼、黄斑前膜5眼、玻璃体黄斑牵拉4眼；术后发生后囊膜混浊5眼。患者术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月BCVA分别为（1.529±0.535）logMAR、(1.232±0.656）logMAR、(1.056±0.498）logMAR、(1.013±0.565）logMAR，术后最终BCVA较术前BCVA显著提高（t=3.252，P=0.002），其中19眼术后视力得到提高。术前BCVA与术后最终BCVA显著相关（r=0.683，P＜0.01）。Grade1组、Grade2组、Grade3组术后最终BCVA分别为（1.331±0.545）logMAR、（0.617±0.256）logMAR、（0.660±0.378）logMAR，Grade2组和Grade3组术后最终视力均好于Grade1组（F=6.764，P=0.005），Grade2组和Grade3组术后BCVA差异无统计学意义（P=0.878）。结论　大部分RP合并白内障患者在白内障手术后视力可得到改善，OCT可以判断RP患者白内障手术后视力预后，尤其是EZ结构完整性。     

Surgical treatment of macular holes with multiple recurrences

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of a third macular hole surgery in eyes with recurrent macular holes and two prior macular hole surgeries. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen eyes of sixteen patients with two prior macular hole surgeries with recurrent macular hole. INTERVENTION: A third vitreous surgery was performed in each eye using a long-acting gas bubble. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Closure of the macular hole and change in visual acuity. RESULTS: The macular hole was closed in 12 of 16 eyes (75%) at 3 months after the third surgery. Visual acuity improved 2 or more Snellen lines in 9 of 16 eyes (56%), and 5 of 16 eyes (31%) achieved 20/40 or better vision. Six eyes (37.5%) had cataract surgery after the third macular hole surgery, and visual acuity results were similar in eyes with or without cataract surgery. Successful closure of the macular hole improved the visual acuity from 20/80 -1 to 20/50 +1 (P < 0.001). Eyes in which one of the previous surgeries had been temporarily successful in closing the macular hole improved from a mean of 20/80 to 20/40 (P = 0.003). Eyes in which both prior macular hole surgeries had been primary failures had minimal benefit with a preoperative visual acuity of 20/100 +1 and a postoperative visual acuity of 20/100 +2 (P = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat macular hole surgery should be considered in eyes with recurrent macular holes and two prior surgeries when the macular hole was temporarily closed by at least one of the two previous surgeries. Successful closure of a macular hole in such cases usually results in significant visual acuity improvement.     

Reading ability after macular translocation surgery with 360-degree retinotomy

PURPOSE: To report reading ability using a standardized reading chart after macular translocation with 360-degree retinotomy in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: In 34 eyes of 34 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (AMD, 23; mCNV, 11), macular translocation surgery with 360-degree retinotomy and simultaneous extraocular muscle surgery were performed. The average age was 67.4 +/- 7.9 years, and the average follow-up period was 7.6 +/- 3.3 months. The best-corrected far visual acuity (FVA) was measured with a standardized visual acuity chart using Landolt Cs, and the critical print size (CPS) was determined with the Japanese version of the Minnesota reading chart (MNREAD-J Chart) preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative change in the CPS was compared with the subjective visual improvement as assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS: The postoperative improvement of FVA was statistically significant in eyes with mCNV (P =.010) but not significant in eyes with AMD (P =.495). The postoperative improvement of CPS was statistically significant both in eyes with AMD (P =.027) and in eyes with mCNV (P =.004). The subjective visual improvement was significantly correlated with the change of CPS in patients after a second better eye surgery. CONCLUSIONS: After macular translocation with 360-degree retinotomy, the improvement of reading ability was significant in eyes with both AMD and mCNV. We conclude that this surgical method is well suited to improve reading ability of patients with AMD or mCNV.