旅游应准备哪些药品

由于旅游过程中生活不规律,气候、环境的改变,加之长途跋涉、车船劳顿,难免会发生晕车、失眠、便秘、腹泻、感冒、中署等小毛病,或不小心发生扭伤或跌伤。有人将这些统称为"旅游病"。为了使旅游顺利进行,增添更多乐趣,动身前最好准备些药品,以备应急之用。晕车药有些人坐车、乘船或乘飞机时,会感到头晕目眩、恶心呕吐、面色苍白,可在动身前半小     

月亮圆缺与人体健康

"晓月过残垒,繁星宿故关";"明月如霜,清景无限"等古诗句,道出了人类与月亮的不解之缘。16世纪时,德国医生帕拉策尔苏斯就认识到:满月时,精神错乱的人数就会增加。因为在满月和新月时,太阳和月亮位于一条直线上,用联合的力量拉地球,大潮就是这时发生的。现代科学研究表明,满月时产生的"生物潮汐",使暴躁的人变得更加神经过敏,忧郁的人变得更加消沉,爱寻欢作乐的人更加喜欢采取异常行动。20世纪70年代,北尼     

吃得越饱寿命越短

美国科学家做了这样一个实验:将200只猴子分为两组,每组100只;甲组吃饱为止,乙组只吃七八分饱。经过10年喂养,甲组猴子患高血脂、脂肪肝、高血压、冠心病的多,100只猴子中死亡了50只(50.0%);乙组猴子苗条健康,精力充沛,100只中死亡了12只(12.0%)。结论是低热量的饮食是健康的法宝。洪昭光     

烦人的尿道综合症

黄小姐5年前由于一次不当性生活而导致尿频、尿急、尿痛的症状,经输液打针、服用中西药等治疗,效果都不佳.时时袭来的尿频、尿急令她不敢贸然外出,一旦外出,把找厕所当成头等大事.刚开始1～2个小时排尿一次,以后间隔时间越来越短,甚至在咳嗽、走路时尿液不自主地流出.反复尿液检查却没有白细胞,细菌培养也不见细菌、真菌、衣原体、支原体等微生物.更可怕的是夜间反复排尿,严重影响睡眠,影响她的生活质量,给她带来巨大痛苦及心理压力.     

专家点评

血余炭为人发煅成的炭,性平味苦,归肝、胃经。功能止血散瘀、补阴利尿,善治各种出血及小便不通。为化疲止血良药,有止血而不留瘀、利尿而不伤阴之特点。外用于疮疡,有解毒、生肌敛疮之效。江某读者用血余炭治疗鼻出血,是一个很好的方法,而且此法确实如读者所述,见     

呵护前列腺六要素

前列腺是男性独有的附属性腺,如核桃大小,重约20克,位于膀胱下方。前列腺包绕着紧挨膀胱的尿道,它的主要功能是分泌稀薄的前列腺液,构成精液的一部分,同时也是排尿的必经之地。青壮年时期前列腺常受到各种病菌侵袭容易发生炎症。50岁以后,随着睾丸酮及分泌物的减少,同时出现前列腺增生。据统计,60岁以上男     

注意:有些眼药用前需配制

小赵因双眼发红,分泌物多,到药店买了一瓶利福平眼药自行滴眼治疗。然而用药后不仅没有效果,症状反而加重。原来她用药前没有按说明书要求将眼药配好,还犯了一个啼笑皆非的错误——把本应放入药瓶中溶解的药丸,当作口服药服到肚子里了……     

体育锻炼矫正心理缺陷

体育锻炼纠正心理缺陷,不是一般的运动训练和娱乐游戏活动。要想达到心理转移的目的,必须有一定的强度、质量和时间的要求。每天锻炼时间在30分钟左右,运动量从小到大,循序渐进。     

钟离权"三成丹法"

钟离权,号云房,唐末五代京兆咸阳(今属陕西)人,著名丹道养生家,传说为八仙之一,人称"汉钟离",是据杜子美"近闻韦氏妹,远在汉钟离"的诗句.汉,乃五代时的"后汉"而言.因避战乱而入终南山修道,后入蜀,金堂道姑李真多授以<太乙刀圭火符诀>,于是钟离权对内丹造诣极深,著有<破迷正道歌>、<灵宝篇>、<指玄篇>、<肘后三成篇>等丹道炼养专著.吕洞宾拜他为师,五代内丹家陈朴亦在蜀中青城山受道于钟离权.     

色氨酸有益健康

色氨酸是人体所需的一种重要的氨基酸,对预防糙皮病、抑郁症,改善睡眠和增强自信心有着很重要的作用。预防糙皮病糙皮病是由于组织内缺少烟酸所致,最典型的症状是皮炎,常在肢体暴露部     

肺炎克雷伯菌、类肺炎克雷伯菌和变栖克雷伯菌的研究进展

肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株是一种有荚膜的革兰阴性粗短杆菌,是临床上重要的机会致病菌。肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株基因间存在差异,依据系统发育树可分为肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae, KpⅠ)、类肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, KpⅡ)和变栖克雷伯菌(Klebsiella variicola, KpⅢ),三者生态分布、基因型、耐药性、毒力特征以及致病性存在显著差异,为感染性疾病精准治疗带来新的挑战。本文对KpⅠ、KpⅡ、KpⅢ的鉴定、流行特点及致病特点的最新研究进展进行综述。     

匹莫齐特对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外和体内抗菌研究

目的 探讨抗精神病类药物匹莫齐特对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外和体内抗菌活性。方法 采用微量肉汤稀释法检测匹莫齐特的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。通过96孔细胞培养板构建生物膜,利用比浊法检测匹莫齐特的抗生物膜活性,进一步通过激光共聚焦显微镜和SYTO9/PI染色观察匹莫齐特对生物膜的作用。采用棋盘稀释法检测匹莫齐特与抗菌药物联合抗菌效果,CCK-8试剂盒检测匹莫齐特的细胞毒性。构建皮肤脓肿模型,检测匹莫齐特的体内抗菌活性及毒性。结果 匹莫齐特对金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的剂量依赖抑菌活性,其MIC为8～16μg/mL,能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成并分散已形成的生物膜。匹莫齐特与多西环素联合,体外具有协同抗菌效果,其协同抑菌指数为0.5;体内能显著降低小鼠脓肿组织中的细菌载量,使活菌量从(8.25±0.13)对数值CFU/脓肿减少到(3.31±0.81)对数值CFU/脓肿(q=3.74,P<0.05);匹莫齐特的细胞毒性极低,对细胞的半数抑制浓度>64μg/mL。结论 匹莫齐特毒性低且具有明显的体外和体内抗菌活性,有望成为一种精神病患者合并局部金黄色葡萄球菌相...     

Nucleic acid vaccination of Brucella abortus ribosomal L7/L12 gene elicits immune response

Nucleic acid vaccines provide an exciting approach for antigen presentation to the immune system. As a test of this new methodology, the immune response to the in vivo-expressed Brucella abortus ribosomal L7/12 gene in the muscle cells of mice was examined. To accomplish this goal the eukaryotic expression systems pcDNA3 and p6 were used. Single intramuscular injection of the L7/L12 gene driven by the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (pcDNA3) or bovine MHC I promoter (p6) resulted in intracellular expression of the B. abortus L7/L12 immunodominant protein encoded by this gene. This application facilitated directed antigen presentation to the immune system and established specific antibody and T-cell responses compared with vector only (pcDNA₃) negative controls and B. abortus S19 injected positive controls. Although pcDNA₃-encoded L7/L12 gene-inoculated mice possessed significant protection, p6-L7/L12 did not engender significant protection against B. abortus S2308 infection compared to positive control mice. These data suggest a promising antigen-specific response, and L7/L12 nucleic acid vaccination may be an initial step in the development of genetically engineered candidate vaccines against brucellosis. This study for the first time focuses on DNA immunization of a gene from B. abortus.     

Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Selenastrum capricornutum , Chlorella vulgaris , Lemna gibba , Daphnia magna , and Daphnia pulicaria

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an anthropogenic compound found in trace amounts in many environmental compartments far from areas of production. This, along with the highly persistent nature of PFOS, presents a concern for possible effects in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of PFOS in representative freshwater organisms. Toxicity testing using standard laboratory protocols was performed on the green algae Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris, the floating macrophyte Lemna gibba, and the invertebrates Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulicaria. No observable effect concentration (NOEC) values were generated from the most sensitive endpoints for all organisms. Autotroph inhibition of growth NOEC values were 5.3, 8.2, and 6.6 mg/L for S. capricornutum, C. vulgaris, and L. gibba, respectively. The 48-h immobility NOEC values for D. magna and D. pulicaria were 0.8 and 13.6 mg/L, respectively. In comparison to immobility, the 21-day lethality NOEC for D. magna was 5.3 mg/L. Based on effect (immobility) values, the most sensitive of all test organisms was D. magna. The most sensitive organism based on 50% inhibition of growth (IC₅₀) was L. gibba, with an IC₅₀ value of 31.1 mg/L determined from wet weight. This is 4.3 times less than the LC₅₀ for D. pulicaria, which was 134 mg/L. Significant adverse effects (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for all organisms in concentrations >134 mg/L. The results indicate that under laboratory conditions PFOS is acutely toxic to freshwater organisms at concentrations at or near 100 mg/L. Based on known environmental concentrations of PFOS, which occur in the low ng/L to low μg/L range, there is no apparent risk to freshwater systems. However, further work is required to investigate long-term effects in these and other freshwater organisms. Received: 2 May 2002/Accepted: 29 July 2002     

建设世界一流科技期刊的策略——基于Nature、Science、The Lancet和Cell的分析

【目的】 探索建设世界一流科技期刊的策略,以助力中国科技期刊冲刺世界一流水平。【方法】 通过研读相关政策和研究文献,结合对Nature、Science、The Lancet、Cell等不同类型的世界一流科技期刊的分析,解析世界一流科技期刊的概念及内涵,探讨建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件和必要条件,提出建设世界一流科技期刊的建议。【结果】 卓越的办刊理念、全方位的国际化水平、世界一流的人才队伍、先进的经营管理水平以及汇聚一流前沿成果、卓著的科学声望是建设世界一流科技期刊的必要条件。“高、精、尖”和“稳、准、狠”的办刊策略,是建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件。建设世界一流科技期刊要理性且准确地认知其内涵,始终坚持卓越的办刊理念、国际化战略、人才战略、质量战略和集群化战略。【结论】 中国科技期刊既要扎根祖国大地,又要学习世界一流期刊的成功经验,从办刊的硬实力和软实力方面吸收借鉴,才能探索出具有中国特色的世界一流科技期刊建设路径。     

空肠弯曲菌Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj1139基因对比研究

目的 了解吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)相关空肠弯曲菌(C.jejuni)的Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj1139基因序列特征,并同GenBank中的非GBS相关C.jejuni菌株对应序列进行比较,找出可能使C.jejuni菌株具有致GBS能力的碱基突变.方法 选取分离自GBS患者粪便并经动物模型证实为致GBS的AMAN型C.jejuni 3株进行培养并提取基因组DNA测序.将基因测序结果与NCTC11168菌株进行对照比较,寻找此3株C.jejuni的Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj139基因突变位点,并计算此3株致GBS C.jejuni的Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj1139基因序列间的遗传距离.结果 3株致GBSC.jejuni菌株的Cj1136基因由1173个碱基构成;Cj1138基因由1170个碱基构成;Cj1139基因由912个碱基构成,与NCTC11168的Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj1139基因序列相比,此3株致GBS C.jejuni中只有Cj1138存在2个相同的碱基突变.遗传距离计算,3株致GBS C.jejuni的Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj1139基因之间最大遗传距离为2.1%.结论 与NCTC11168相比GBS相关C.jejuni中Cj1138基因序列存在相同碱基突变,这些碱基突变可能与C.jejuni致GBS能力的改变相关.该3株致GBSC.jejuni的Cj1136、Cj1138、Cj1139基因遗传距离较小,反映河北地区致GBS的C.jejuni在进化上存在聚类现象,具有一定的区域特征.     

Evolutionary origin of the Jiv90 gene of Pestivirus

Phylogenetic analyses were used to test the hypothesis that the Jiv90 insert in the genomes of Pestivirus species originated by horizontal transfer from their hosts (mammals in the order Artiodactyla). The results supported this hypothesis because the Jiv90 insert clustered with the corresponding domains of mammalian Jiv proteins and closer to artiodactyl than to rodent or primate genes. A phylogeny of Pestivirus genotypes showed that the Jiv90 insert occurred only in one clade (Pestivirus Type 1), although numerous members of this clade lacked the insert. This pattern is probably most easily explained on the hypothesis that the insert occurred in the common ancestor of the Type 1 clade and that it has been subsequently lost independently by several members of the clade.