急性心肌梗死患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏治疗时血小板减少的临床分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)治疗期间血小板减少的临床特点、处理及预后。方法入选我院2005年8月～2011年1月128例接受IABP治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,回顾性分析入选患者的血小板情况及临床特点。结果 128例患者应用IABP的时间为(86.4±7.1)h;应用IABP后有52例血小板减少患者,其中轻度减少者37例、重度减少者15例,无极重度患者;出现血小板减少的时间为开始IABP治疗后12h;停用IABP后有97.4%的患者血小板恢复至正常。结论急性心肌梗死患者应用IABP治疗时可出现明显的血小板减少,应该引起重视,在应用过程中应严密监测。     

心脏外科围术期应用主动脉内球囊反搏的体会

目的总结心脏外科围术期应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)的体会。方法选取2012年4月—2013年6月我院收治的需行心脏外科手术患者9例,均植入IABP进行循环辅助治疗。结果 3例术中植入IABP者均痊愈出院;6例术后植入IABP者中5例死于多器官功能衰竭,仅1例痊愈出院。IABP辅助时间为(94.5±21.2)h,无一例出现与IABP相关的并发症。结论尽早应用IABP进行循环辅助,可以提高心脏手术治疗效果。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死治疗中的应用

目的分析和评价主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急性心肌梗死治疗中的应用效果。方法收集2000年1月1日至2006年12月31日期间,北京大学第一医院心内科所有应用IABP的急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料。应用统计学方法分析IABP的治疗效果。结果应用IABP治疗急性心肌梗死患者共48例,其中合并心源性休克26例。应用IABP的急性心肌梗死患者即刻病情改善率为81.3%。与单纯IABP亚组相比,IABP联合后续治疗(经皮冠状动脉介入治疗/外科手术)亚组的院内死亡率显著下降(37.5%比93.8%,P<0.01)。结论应用IABP治疗可改善急性心肌梗死患者的即刻病情,IABP降低急性心肌梗死患者院内死亡率的关键是联合后续治疗。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性重症心肌炎心衰治疗中的应用

目的观察主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）在急性重症病毒性心肌炎伴心衰治疗中应用效果。方法将38例急性重症心肌炎伴心衰患者分为IABP组16例和非IABP组22例,两组均给予常规治疗,IABP组患者均经股动脉穿刺行IABP治疗,监测两组血压、心率、尿量、肾功及心功能。结果与非IABP组比较,IABP组平均动脉压升高、心率降低、24 h尿量增加、肾功能改善、血浆氨基末端脑利钠肽前体明显降低、心功能改善、病死率降低、住院时间缩短,治疗前后两组各指标变化有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）。结论在急性重症病毒性心肌炎伴心衰治疗中,应用IABP能降低患者病死率,改善其预后。     

主动脉内气囊泵反相搏动在心脏麻醉和手术中的作用

本文目的是:(1)分析主动脉内气囊泵反相搏动(IABP)的使用率;(2)重新评价心脏手术时应用IABP的指证;(3)估计手术时IABP对血液动力学的影响。方法:作者自1976年1月至1977年12月的二年间,共施行成人心脏手术1738例,其中1203例为冠状动脉旁路手术,63例使用了IABP,占3.62％。使用IABP的病人可分为三组:第一组是在进手术室之前应用IABP;第二组在手术室内体外循环之前应用IABP;第三组则在体外循环结束时需要应用IABP。第一、二组的应用指证为(1)急性心肌梗塞并有机械性缺损(室间隔缺损、急性二尖瓣关闭不全或室壁瘤)、持续心绞痛和梗塞区扩大或顽固性心律失常;(2)在室功能极差(喷血分数     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急诊冠脉搭桥术中的应用

目的总结主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术(eCABG)中应用的临床经验,探讨此类手术应用IABP的时机选择和适应证。方法总结12例冠心病患者在IABP支持下,实施急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术的情况。结果1例术后5d撤除IABP,次日出现严重心律失常死亡;其余11例均在术后3～6d撤除IABP,恢复良好,痊愈出院。结论急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术风险较大,特别是严重的低心排导致手术效果更加不确定.在术前、术中应用IABP可以有效地改善心功能,提高手术成功率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏对血小板数量的影响及危险因素分析

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)对PLT数量的影响,并分析预测PLT减少的危险因素。方法:回顾性纳入郑州市第七人民医院心内科,2013年12月至2018年02月,因不同原因置入IABP的患者168例,根据置入IABP后PLT是否减少分为PLT未减少组(n=78)和PLT减少组(n=90),比较两组患者一般临床资料、生化指标、基线血常规、应用药物、应用IABP原因、IABP球囊导管容积、IABP应用时间及出院存活的比例,应用受试者工作曲线确定预测PLT减少的最佳截点值,并通过二分类Logistic回归分析探讨预测PLT减少的危险因素。结果:入组患者平均年龄(64.5±12.1)岁,男性118例(70.2%),98例(58.3%)患者因急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)致心源性休克置入IABP,平均IABP应用时间为6.0(3.0,8.0)d,90例(53.6%)患者置入IABP后PLT下降,PLT最低值出现在IABP后4.0(2.0,6.0)d,134例(79.8%)患者拔除IABP后PLT回升,出院时存活126例(75.0%);PLT减少组PLT分布宽度(PDW)明显高于PLT未减少组(P0.05),PLT减少组因ACS心源性休克置入IABP比例、应用40cc球囊导管比例亦高于PLT未减少组(P均0.05),两组间其它指标均差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);应用受试者工作曲线确定PDW预测PLT减少的曲线下面积为0.705,95%CI为0.592～0.819,最佳截点值15.9,灵敏度68.9%,特异度74.4%;二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:PDW15.9%(调整的OR=5.712,95%CI:2.138～15.259,P=0.001)是置入IABP后PLT减少的危险因素。结论:PLT减少是置入IABP后的常见现象,PDW升高是置入IABP后PLT减少的危险因素。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在高危冠状动脉旁路移植患者应用时机的探讨

目的:探讨不同时期置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)对高危冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的安全性、围手术期各指标的影响以及危险因素分析。方法:回顾本中心心脏外科自2015年1月至2018年8月,586例OPCAB患者中78例(13. 3%)高危冠心病患者应用IABP辅助治疗的时机及临床效果。根据置入IABP的时机,将患者分为预防应用组、紧急置入组两组。预防应用组:42例(53. 8%),术前对冠心病高危患者预防性用IABP辅助;紧急置入组:36例(46. 2%),OPCAB术中或术后因循环不稳定紧急置入IABP。对比两组患者使用IABP时间、ICU时间、术后住院天数、并发症、死亡率等指标。结果:两组患者术中旁路移植的桥血管数目及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。预防应用组患者IABP应用时间、机械通气时间及ICU停留时间均明显短于紧急置入组(P0. 05)。术前预防应用组患者围手术期病死率(4. 8%)较紧急置入IABP患者(13. 9%)明显减低(P0. 05)。结论:对于高危冠心病患者术前预防性应用IABP能缩短IABP使用及ICU停留时间,降低术后30 d病死率,预防性应用IABP对高危OPCAB患者是安全有效的,再次置入IABP是高危OPCABG患者短期死亡的危险因素。     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在重症冠心病冠状动脉旁路移植围手术期中的应用

目的：探讨主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）在重症冠心病外科治疗围手术期应用的临床效果。方法：回顾自2005年7月-2014年1月,作者所在科室共手术治疗的重症冠心病65例,其中应用IABP34例,分为术前预防性应用IABP21例,术中或术后补救性应用IABP13例。结果：术前预防性应用IABP组围手术期死亡率为9％低于术中或术后补救性应用IABP组（31％）,但差异未到达统计学显著水平（P=0．11）。两组IABP应用时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间和ICU居留时间分别为：[（32±18）h vs．（55±22）h,P〈0．05];[（122±37）min vs.（167±74）min,P〈0．05];[（36±18）h vs.（60±22）h,P〈0．05]和[（52±13）h vs.（57±21）h,P〉0．05]。结论：术前预防性应用IABP辅助可降低重症冠心病患者围手术期死亡率到9％,明显减少IABP应用时间、体外循环时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间。在外科治疗重症冠心病时,IABP使用适应证应当适当放宽。     

主动脉内球囊反搏应用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的监护

目的探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)应用的意义.方法 60例CABG病人通过股动脉穿刺或切开置IABP导管于降主动脉内,进行辅助循环,监测心电图、动脉压波形变化及血流动力学诸参数,以鉴定IABP之效果,其中2例于CABG术前放置.结果本组病人救治成功45例(75%),并发症6例.结论只要正确掌握IABP的适应证及使用时机,应用IABP抢救CABG术中的危重病人是可以收到良好临床效果的.在施行IABP过程中要严密监测注意预防下肢血栓、出血、水肿、感染和气囊破裂等并发症,做好心理护理.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.