致心律失常性右室心肌病plakophilin-2基因新单核苷酸多态性位点

目的收集致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVD/C)患者,检测P lakoph ilin-2(PKP-2)、Transform ing growthfactor-β3(TGFβ-3)和Desmop lak in(DSP)基因突变,发现新单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点。方法从49例临床诊断ARVD/C患者中留取心电图、心脏超声等指标,并与200例健康者共同留取外周血样本,提取基因组DNA,使用聚合酶链反应结合直接测序方法来检测PKP-2、TGFβ-3和DSP基因突变,并对比突变组与非突变组各临床参数间的差异。结果在PKP-2基因第一内含子,有7例ARVD/C患者检测到一杂合突变(c.224-3 G>C)——新SNP位点,其余42例ARVD/C患者和200例健康对照者中均未检测到该突变,和非突变组相比,突变组ARVD/C患者右室明显增大、V2导联S波升支时限明显延长。结论在ARVD/C患者PKP-2基因中检测到一新SNP效应位点(c.224-3 G>C)。     

一例精氨酸加压素受体2基因突变的先天性肾性尿崩症患者的临床及家系研究

报道1例精氨酸加压素受体2( arginine vasopressin receptor2,AVPR2)基因突变导致的先天性肾性尿崩症.提取患者及家属的基因组DNA,PCR扩增AVPR2的全部外显子,扩增产物经纯化后行双向测序,测序结果与基因库中序列进行比对,找出突变位点,利用同源结构模型探讨突变点对AVPR2结构的影响.发现AVPR2基因第6 036位核苷酸碱基T突变为C,导致基因产物的168位氨基酸由亮氨酸突变为精氨酸,该突变点尚未报道.患者母亲和姐姐基因为杂合子,父亲为正常基因型.     

一例原发性肾性糖尿患者的临床与基因突变分析并文献复习

目的 通过1例原发性肾性糖尿 (primary renal glucosuria, PRG) 患者的临床特点及基因突变位点分析,结合文献复习探讨原发性肾性糖尿的作用机制、病程进展及存在的问题。方法 对华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院肾内科收治的1例PRG患者的基本资料、实验室检查及基因突变位点结果进行回顾性分析,并对相关文献进行复习。 结果 患者的临床表现和实验室检查符合PRG诊断。基因突变位点分析显示,患者SLC5A2基因12号外显子3’剪切位点存在IVS12 ds+1 G>A杂合突变,且对基因的功能产生影响,为致病性突变。结论 通过SLC5A2基因的突变位点分析,从遗传学方面证实患者PRG的诊断。临床上血糖正常但尿糖阳性,且无其他近端肾小管功能障碍表现的患者应考虑该疾病的可能,基因分析有助于确诊。     

先天性心脏缺损相关 N R2 F2 基因新突变研究

目的:探索先天性心脏缺损(CHD)相关NR2F2基因新突变。方法:入选104例中国汉族CHD患者和208名匹配的非CHD对照者。对全部入选对象的NR2F2基因的编码区、剪接位点及部分非翻译区进行聚合酶链反应-测序分析。将所测序列与核苷酸数据库中公布的NR2F2序列进行对比分析以发现NR2F2基因突变。运用计算机软件ClustalW2分析突变氨基酸进化上的保守性,应用PROVEAN、MutationTaster和PolyPhen-2软件预测突变的致病性。结果:在1例散发性动脉导管未闭合并室间隔缺损患者中发现了1个NR2F2基因新突变,即c.1189CT(p.Arg397Trp)突变。该错义突变不存在于208名非CHD对照者。多物种NR2F2蛋白的氨基酸序列比对分析显示被改变氨基酸在进化上完全保守,致病性预测表明所识别的NR2F2基因突变是致病性突变。结论:c.1189CT是CHD相关NR2F2基因新突变,对CHD的早期防治具有潜在的意义。     

肥厚型心肌病家系携带ACTN2、MYBPC3和TNNI3基因突变分析

目的:对收集的1例肥厚型心肌病家系的致病基因进行突变位点分析,阐明基因型与临床表型的关系。方法:利用目标外显子捕获技术和二代测序技术对先证者的与肥厚型心肌病有关的基因进行基因突变筛查,并使用Sanger测序法验证可疑突变位点,同时筛查患者家系成员4例和健康人100例,确定该家系患者的致病突变,并利用SIFT、Polyphen2和MutationTaster这3种软件进行突变基因功能检测。结果:该家系除先证者外,4例有血缘关系的研究对象中3例携带ACTN2基因c.1162TA错义突变(p.Trp388Arg),2例携带MYBPC3基因c.472GA错义突变(p.Val158Met),2例携带TNNI3基因c.235CT错义突变(p.Arg79Cys)。该家系的先证者同时携带上述3种突变基因。3种预测软件预测这3种突变均为有害突变。结论:在该患者家系中发现的基因突变位点可能是肥厚型心肌病的致病突变,携带多种突变的家系成员更易发生肥厚型心肌病,但其确切发病机制仍需进一步研究。     

新疆地区维吾尔族先天性心脏病患者CITED2基因突变分析

【】 目的：研究新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)患者与CITED2基因突变的关系。方法：收集150例散发型维吾尔族CHD患者和150例健康维吾尔族人群血液样本进行DNA提取、目的基因聚合酶链反应及测序,并与GeneBank进行比较以识别基因突变,并分析氨基酸序列。结果：在1例室间隔缺损患者发现1个新的纯合突变c.574A>G,并导致相应氨基酸序列错义突变(p.Ser192Gly),该突变在CITED2基因丝氨酸-甘氨酸富含区,而在健康对照组中未发现此突变。结论：新疆维吾尔族CHD患者中首次发现了CITED2基因纯合突变,Serl92GIy突变所在序列呈现一定保守性,可能与CHD发生有关。     

浙江地区汉族人线粒体DNA ND1基因T3394C突变与老年2型糖尿病

目的 探讨线粒体DNA ND1基因T3394C突变与老年2型糖尿病的关系. 方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)产物直接测序法对340例无血缘关系的2型糖尿病患者(其中老年糖尿病组90例,非老年糖尿病组250例)和265例健康对照者(老年健康对照组130例,非老年健康对照组135例)的血细胞线粒体DNA进行突变位点检测,并用DNASTAR和Antheprot 5.0软件分析突变位点. 结果 老年糖尿病组、老年健康对照组和非老年糖尿病组分别检出5例、1例和2例T3394C突变.T3394C突变在老年糖尿病组和老年健康对照组之间分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在老年糖尿病组和非老年糖尿病组之间分布差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).蛋白质结构预测显示T3394C突变引起ND1蛋白二级结构改变. 结论 线粒体DNA ND1基因T3394C突变可能与老年2型糖尿病的发生有关.     

NRF2-617C/A基因多态性对内毒素刺激下酒精性肝病患者外周血单个核细胞炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨NRF2基因启动子-617C/A多态性对内毒素(LPS)刺激下酒精性肝病(ALD)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)炎症反应的影响.方法 应用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离82例ALD患者的PBMC,流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群,同时应用基因测序法检测NRF2基因启动子-617位点的基因多态性,并根据基因测序的结果,将患者分为非突变组(CA和AA)和突变组(CC),以逆转录PCR (RT-PCR)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测LPS刺激下PBMC中NRF2、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α、白细胞介素(IL)-1p、1L-10的表达水平.结果 82例患者NRF2-617位点C和A的频率分别为65.9％和34.1％,其中50例(CA:44例;AA:6例)存在突变,32例为非突变(CC).突变与非突变组间比较肝功能、T细胞亚群分布等临床资料差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但LPS刺激后,突变组PBMC中NRF2 mRNA表达明显低于非突变组(P＜0.05),而TNFα、IL-1β的mRNA及蛋白表达均明显高于非突变组(P＜0.05),IL-10 mRNA及蛋白表达虽高于后者,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 NRF2基因启动子-617位点C→A突变下调LPS刺激后ALD患者PBMC中NRF2的表达,并加剧促炎反应.     

CASQ2基因c.381C>T突变致儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速的分子机制

目的:对心电图上有U波,首诊怀疑长QTU综合征(LQTU)的两个家系进行基因筛查和功能检验,以期找到致病突变并结合临床信息作出疾病诊断。方法:筛查对象是2004～2005年来我院就诊的两个初诊为LQTU的家系L79和L104。诊断依据包括临床特征,如交感神经兴奋相关的晕厥,心电图记录到QT间期(或QU间期)延长及室性心动过速,且无器质性心脏病。记录先证者及其父母和一级亲属的病史、心电图和家族史,包括12导联静息心电图、24 h动态心电图和运动试验等。采用全外显子及Sanger测序法进行基因筛查。对发现的突变利用微小基因(minigene)技术进行功能验证。结果:两个家系中共有3例女性患者,皆为5岁左右首次发生晕厥。儿时心电图上有显著U波,随年龄增加U波幅度降低或消失。校正QT间期正常或临界值。基因筛查发现3例患者携带有CASQ2基因上的c.381CT(p.Gly127=)纯合突变,父母杂合携带。其中L79家系先证者同时携带KCNQ1/c.921+1GT杂合突变。Minigene实验证实,CASQ2/c.381CT(p.Gly127=)突变虽未引起编码氨基酸改变,但其改变了3号外显子后面的生理性剪接位点并在380_381位点引入了一个新的剪切位点,致使其后41个核苷酸缺失,并在第128位置产生提前终止密码子。3例患者服用普萘洛尔或联合使用美西律,近3～15年无晕厥。结论:基因筛查及minigene功能验证结合家系临床表现,可确诊这3例患者为CASQ2/c.381CT(p.Gly127=)纯合突变引起的儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速(CPVT)2型,L79先证者同时伴有KCNQ1/c.921+1GT杂合突变所致的长QT综合征1型。本研究在中国CPVT患者中发现CASQ2基因编码区内的核苷酸同义变异可导致剪接突变效应。     

OCTN1/OCTN2基因多态性与中国汉族人群炎症性肠病相关性的初步研究

近年研究证实OCTN1/OCTN2基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与西方白种人群克罗恩病（CD）明显相关,其中OCTN1基因rs1050152位点和OCTN2基因rs2631367位点SNP与CD的相关性尤为显著.目的：初步探讨OCTN1基因rs1050152位点和OCTN2基因rs2631367位点基因多态性与中国汉族人群炎症性肠病（IBD）的相关性.方法：KR联合直接测序法检测45例CD患者、45例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者和50名正常对照者OCTN1基因rs1050152位点和OCTN2基因rs2631367位点的基因型,比较各组基因型和等位基因频率.结果：CD,UC和正常对照组间OCTN1基因rs1050152位点基因型和等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义（R〉0.05）;三组OCTN2基因rs2631367位点均未发现突变基因型.结论：OCTN1基因rs1050152位点和OCTN2基因rs2631367位点基因多态性与中国汉族人群IBD不相关.     

30岁以上法洛四联症外科治疗

目的:总结回顾30岁以上中老年法洛四联症手术治疗经验。方法:50例30岁以上法洛四联症患者,年龄30～66岁,平均(34.7±6.10)岁,合并左上腔3例,右位主动脉弓6例,合并三尖瓣关闭不全1例,主动脉瓣关闭不全1例,房间隔缺损或卵圆孔未闭10例,右冠状动脉畸形1例,均行四联症心内修复术。妥善疏通右心室流出道,用涤纶或心包补片加宽右心室流出道,用涤纶补片修补室间隔缺损,并处理合并畸形。结果:手术死亡1例(2%),晚期死亡1例,其余患者心功能均得到不同程度的改善。结论:中老年四联症心力衰竭,严重红细胞增多症,高血压及高尿蛋白并非手术禁忌。良好的心肌保护和转流,完善的外科修复及严密的术后监护是手术成功的关键,近期和远期效果满意。     

Conotruncal malformations: diagnosis in infancy using subxiphoid 2-dimensional echocardiography

Subxiphoid 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed and interpreted before the first cardiac catheterization in 109 of 113 infants less than 1 year of age with conotruncal malformations, situs solitus of the atria, and d-ventricular loop. The 4 remaining infants could not be examined using this technique for technical reasons.

In 104 of 109 patients successfully examined a correct diagnosis was obtained with the use of Subxiphoid 2-dimensional echocardiography. All patients with d-transposition of the great arteries had a correct diagnosis, and in 10 of 11 patients various types of double-outlet right ventricle were recognized by direct visualization of ventriculoarterial connection. Tetralogy of Fallot was correctly diagnosed in 34 of 36 patients and tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia were correctly diagnosed in 8 of 9 patients, on the basis of the position of the infundibular septum and presence or absence of continuity between the main pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. Five of 6 patients with truncus arteriosus communis were correctly diagnosed by demonstrating a connection between the pulmonary arteries and the ascending portion of the single large semilunar root. Subxiphoid 2-dimensional echocardiography proved to be a sensitive and specific technique for diagnosing conotruncal malformations in infancy.     

Surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot in a seventy-five year old patient

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease which is mostly diagnosed and treated in infancy. In the literature there are some cases where the diagnosis was made in adults. This report describes the case of a seventy-five year old man who presents with a dilated and severely hypertrophic right ventricle, a ventricular septum defect, an overriding aorta and a severe infundibular stenosis in the right ventricular outflow tract. The diagnosis of an unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot was made. A full surgical correction of the Tetralogy was performed and the patient received an implantable defibrillator, making him the oldest patient repaired for Tetralogy of Fallot.     

Genetic interactions in thalassemia intermedia: Analysis of β-Mutations, α-Genotype, γ-Promoters,and β-LCR hypersensitive sites 2 and 4 in Italian patients

In order to verity the genetic factors influencing the clinical expression of β-thalassemla we have studied 292 Kalian patients, 165 with thalassemia intermedia and 127 with thalassemia major. The β-globin gene mutations were defined in all cases. The number of α-globin genes and the integrity of specific control regions of the β-globin cluster—γ promoters and β-Locus Control Region (β-LCR)—were studied in selected cases. Homozygosity for mild mutations (group I) accounts for 24% of the intermedia patients and it is not represented among major patients. Forty-four percent of intermedia patients had combinations of mild/severe (group II) mutations and 32% had homozygosity or double heterozygosity for severe mutations (group III). Seventy-six percent of patients with thalassemia major were classified in group III end 24% in group II. Deletion type —α^3.7 thalassemia, assessed in a part of the cases, was found in 5% of thalassemia major and 19.5% of Intermedia patients in groups II and III. Structural analysis of γ promoters and β-LCR HS2 and HS4 regions, carried out in order to look for alterations associated with Hb F increase, did not reveal new mutations. Only rare polymorphic changes were observed at the HS2 and HS4 level. The ? 158 γ C T change was found with an increased incidence in intermedia patients in groups II and III. A subset of 10 β-thalassemia heterozygotes with mild intermedia phenotype resulted from coinheritance of a triplicated α-locus. We have been unable to find a molecular basis for the benign clinical course in approximately 20% of patients with thalassemia intermedia. Other genetic or acquired factors must be hypothesized which ameliorate the clinical condition.     

成人法洛四联症根治术65例临床分析

目的总结成人法洛四联症（TOF）的外科手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年8月我院65例成人法洛四联症患者手术治疗的临床资料。所有患者在低温体外循环下行根治术,其中44例采用跨瓣环补片加宽右心室流出道及肺动脉,8例仅行右心室流出道扩大补片,13例疏通流出道后直接缝合右室切口。结果住院期间死亡率3．1％（2／65）,死亡原因均为低心排血量综合征;其余并发症包括室缺残余漏1例,一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例未安装永久起博器,心包积液1例,胸腔积液3例,肺不张3例,肺部感染2例,肾衰竭2例（行血液滤过治疗后,1例恢复1例死亡）。随访3-55个月,平均16．6个月,存活63例,心功能Ⅰ级48例（75％）,心功能Ⅱ级15例（25％）。结论彻底矫正畸形、加强心肌保护、避免发生低心排血量综合征、加强术后管理,成人法洛四联症外科手术可取得良好的疗效。     

中国法乐四联症患儿HEY2基因突变筛查的初步研究

目的探讨中国法乐四联症患儿HEY2基因突变的情况。方法应用递减聚合酶链反应方法及DNA测序技术，对我院52例非综合征型法乐四联症患儿及50例健康人HEY2基因5个外显子及其侧翼序列进行直接测序，并分析HEY2基因突变的情况。结果在HEY2基因的全部5个外显子中，未发现可引起氨基酸序列改变的突变位点，但我们发现了2个新的杂合性突变位点：1例患者的cDNA621位碱基为A—T杂合性突变，3例患者及3例健康对照的cDNA222位碱基存在一个T—G杂合性突变，但上述两个突变均为同义突变，不影响蛋白质序列。结论HEY2基因可能不是中国法乐四联症发病的相关基因。     

Importance of Absent Ductus Arteriosus in Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome

Tetralogy of Fallot without pulmonary valve syndrome is almost always associated with an absent ductus arteriosus. Patients with right aortic arch and retroesophageal left subclavian artery have a vascular ring if the left ductus arteriosus or its remnant and the Kommerell diverticulum are present. We report the cases of 2 infants in whom the role of an absent ductus arteriosus or its remnant is noteworthy. Both patients had a combination of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and right aortic arch with retroesophageal left subclavian artery without a vascular ring. The absence of the ductus arteriosus has a role in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome. The absence of a ductus arteriosus in the right aortic arch with retroesophageal left subclavian artery precludes a vascular ring.     

Repair and Follow‐up of Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Stenosis

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect. Advances in surgical technique and postoperative care have improved survival which is now very good. Patients now face long‐term morbidities such as reduced exercise tolerance and arrthymias. Cardiologists caring for these patients are confronted with decisions regarding best care practices. This article will review the evidence available on repair and postoperative follow‐up for patients with Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis.     

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve: diagnostic features and management.

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve is a rare congenital malformation. The diagnostic features and surgical management in ten patients with this malformation have been described. There were five male and five female patients, (age 3 1/2 to 26 years). The common symptoms were recurrent respiratory tract infection and cyanosis. Examination revealed hyperdynamic precordial pulsations, single second heart sound and an early diastolic murmur along the left sternal border in all. Electrocardiograms were indistinguishable from typical tetralogy of Fallot. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary conus and dilated pulmonary arteries in all cases, lung vascularity being variable. Echocardiographic findings were diagnostic and are discussed in detail. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography revealed annular stenosis in all, along with aneurysmal dilatation of main and branch pulmonary arteries. Eight patients underwent intracardiac repair. There was no perioperative mortality. All patients have been followed up for 350 months (mean 29 months).