全膝关节置换治疗膝关节畸形

目的:探讨膝关节畸形的人工关节置换术。方法:自1997年1月～2002年10月,采用人工膝关节对36例48膝关节畸形进行了置换,32例42膝进行了随访,随访时间1～5年,平均随访时间2.6年。采用HSS(Hospital for Special Surgery)评分标准对手术疗效进行评价。结果:总优良率95.23％。结论:人工膝关节置换治疗膝关节畸形疗效肯定,远期疗效需进一步随访。     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝外翻畸形疗效观察

目的探讨膝外翻畸形患者施行全膝关节置换的手术方法和临床疗效。方法 2001年7月至2008年6月收治膝外翻畸形患者25例29膝,男5例,女20例;年龄55-75岁,平均64.3岁。手术采用髌旁内侧入路,模具引导下截骨,按Whiteside方法进行外侧软组织松解,采用后方稳定型假体。对比手术前、后股胫角变化,采用KSS评分评价手术疗效。结果 1例患者住院期间发生深静脉血栓,经溶栓治疗后症状消失。全部患者获12-48个月随访,无感染、腓总神经损伤、髌骨脱位、膝关节不稳等并发症。术后12个月平均股胫角（7.42±1.80）°,KSS临床评分（82.47±5.38）分,功能评分（86.47±4.83）分,与术前比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论膝外翻畸形施行全膝关节置换手术,术中正确截骨,合理软组织松解,保持髌骨良好运行轨迹,防止腓总神经损伤,可以获得满意疗效。     

全膝关节置换治疗膝关节畸形

目的：探讨膝关节畸形的人工关节置换术。方法：自1997年1月2002年10月，采用人工膝关节对36例48膝关节畸形进行了置换，32例42膝进行了随访，随访时间1～5年，平均随访时间2．6年。采用HSS(Hospital for special Surgery)评分标准对手术疗效进行评价。结果：总优良率95．23％。结论：人工膝关节置换治疗膝关节畸形疗效肯定，远期疗效需进一步随访。     

人工全膝置换在严重膝内翻畸形患者中的应用

目的观察保留后交叉韧带人工全膝置换治疗严重膝内翻畸形患者的临床结果.方法回顾性分析1990年1月～1995年7月间严重膝内翻畸形骨关节炎患者(≥20°)人工全膝置换后的临床结果.假体为Miller-Galante-Ⅰ人工全膝(MG-Ⅰ,Zimmer公司).采用KSS评分对临床结果进行评估.结果38人56膝获完整随访,平均随访6(4～9)年.术前至最后一次随访,平均膝评分从33分提高到91分,其中84%优秀;平均膝关节功能评分自39增加到76分;两者的改善均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).86%的患者膝关节活动度超过90°,多数病例(50/56)术后膝关节力线正常,6例残留5～10°内翻畸形.总翻修率21%(12/56),平均翻修时间为术后5.5年.其它并发症包括髌骨半脱位,膝前痛,浅表感染.无深部感染、假体松动及前后向不稳.结论保留后交叉韧带人工全膝可矫正严重膝内翻畸形,术后内、外向不稳问题常致假体早期失败.     

Knee arthrodesis

Arthrodesis is one of the last options available to obtain a stable, painless knee in a patient with a damaged knee joint that is not amenable to reconstructive measures. Common indications for knee arthrodesis include failed total knee arthroplasty, periarticular tumor, posttraumatic arthritis, and chronic sepsis. The primary contraindications to knee fusion are bilateral involvement or an ipsilateral hip arthrodesis. A variety of techniques has been described, including external fixation, internal fixation by compression plates, intramedullary fixation through the knee with a modular nail, and antegrade nailing through the piriformis fossa. Allograft or autograft may be necessary to restore lost bone stock or to augment fusion. For the carefully selected patient with realistic expectations, knee arthrodesis may relieve pain and obviate the need for additional surgery or extensive postoperative rehabilitation.     

Knee disarticulation

Knee disarticulation is a muscle balanced amputation level that can be used in patients with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and trauma. Patients who are capable of sitting in a chair retain an excellent platform for sitting, a lever arm for transfer, and are unlikely to have joint contractures develop. In patients who are ambulatory and have vascular disease and in patients with trauma, this amputation level provides a well padded residual limb that allows distal endbearing. The use of a four bar linkage prosthetic knee joint confers intrinsic knee joint stability during walking.     

Knee braces

The preceding discussion has profiled the three different types of knee braces which are available on today's market. It also has attempted to discuss the controversies surrounding these braces and to analyze the scientific data presented to date. Prophylactic braces have been shown to be ineffective in preventing knee injuries in its present day design. Evidence also has shown that their use may even lead to increased knee injuries. Rehabilitative braces, on the other hand, do serve a useful purpose in regard to the operative and non-operative treatment of ligamentous knee injuries. With their ease of application and control of joint motion, they are an important addition to the surgeon's armamentarium. One must keep in mind, however, that these braces provide little static anterior/posterior control and the hinge settings may not actually affect true joint motion. Functional knee braces may play a role in the treatment of patients with pathological laxity due to an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. Combined with an adequate rehabilitation program and activity modification, these braces do limit excessive anterior tibial translation under low loading conditions. However, under conditions of high loading these braces provide little or no resistance to anterior translation. Therefore, in most sporting activities, their efficacy is questionable. Knee bracing continues to be a complex and controversial topic in the field of orthopedic surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Jumper's Knee

Jumper's knee is a common manifestation seen in the athletic population, resulting from overuse of the knee extensor mechanism. The purpose of this article is to review the literature associated with jumper's knee, in the hope that it may benefit the physical therapist's understanding and management of this condition. The pertinent anatomical, biomechanical, and physiological aspects will be briefly reviewed. Clinical findings, methods of conservative treatment, and a proposed method of prevention will be presented. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;11(4):137-141.     

Improved Knee Flexion Following High-Flexion Total Knee Arthroplasty

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The application of new techniques and materials in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continue to be a primary focus in orthopedic surgery. The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate post TKA total range of motion (ROM) among a group of patients who received a gender specific (GS) high-flexion design modification implant compared to a control group of patients who received non-gender specific implants. Methods and Results: The control group was comprised of 39 subjects that were recruited pre-operatively and received the non-GS implant while the study group consisted of 39 patients who received GS implants. The study group yielded an improvement in mean post-operative ROM of 21degrees at 12 months, whereas the mean improvement in ROM among the control group was 11degrees. Thus, the study group had a 10degrees increased ROM improvement (91%) over the control group (p = 0.00060). In addition, 100% of the subjects with GS high-flexion implants achieved greater or equal ROM post-operatively compared to 82% for the control cohort. Lastly, women who exhibited greater pre-operative ROM and lower body mass index (BMI) were found to benefit the most with the GS prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that among subjects with a normal BMI, the GS high-flexion knee implant is associated with increased ROM as compared to the non-gender specific non-high-flexion implant designs.     

Knee Bracing

The authors present an overview of the design and functional features of knee braces and their relationship to knee biomechanics. Four types of knee braces-prophylactic, rehabilitative, functional, and patellofemoral-have been developed to cover the wide variety of indications in patients who have suffered knee injuries or hope to prevent them. Important considerations when choosing specific brace types are discussed, and summaries of relevant research are presented. Clinical criteria for brace selection are offered to help physicians and sports medicine professionals in choosing the right brace for each patient.     

Knee bracing

Bracing the knee is a controversial, complex, and often confusing subject. Knee braces are categorized as either prophylactic, rehabilitative, or functional. Bracing goals are to prevent, assist, restrict, align, or simulate function of the knee. A working knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of specific braces in these different categories is required of the physician to properly prescribe these orthotics.     

Knee arthrography

Knee arthrography done with the double contrast and spot film technique is a highly accurate method of evaluating the knee of a patient suspected of having an internal derangement. Its greatest value is in the evaluation of the menisci. The modern radiologist is frequently capable and interested in performing the examination. The modern radiologist is frequently capable and interested in performing the examination. The technique is safe and has a high degree of reliability. It should prove useful to the referring surgeon.     

微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎

目的探讨微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节单间室骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法2011年10月～2013年3月,对51例（54膝）膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎采用髓外定位法进行胫骨及股骨截骨,骨水泥固定OxfordⅢ单髁置换假体并植入移动半月板。观察切口长度,手术时间,手术前后血红蛋白下降量,术后直腿抬高时间,膝关节活动范围,术后髋膝踝角及并发症;采用Oxford评分法对术前、术后膝关节功能进行评估。结果2例出现内衬脱位并发症进行翻修。无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、假体位置不良,假体松动等并发症。切口长度（6．6±0．8）cm（5．5～8cm）。手术时间（59．9±6．6）min（50～80min）,术后3d血红蛋白下降（13．5±5．0）g／L（7～28g／L）。术后自主直腿抬高时间（3．4±1．6）d（1～8d）。术后2～3d行双下肢全长片检查,髋膝踝178．2°±2．6°（177°～183°）。术后无伸直受限,最大屈曲度121．3°±6．6°（110°-130°）。51例术后随访6～23个月,平均14．5月,无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、假体位置不良,假体松动等并发症。Oxford膝关节功能评分术前（24．6±1．9）分,术后末次随访（41．6±3．5）分,术前后比较有统计学差异（t=34．313,P=0．000）。结论微创单髁置换术治疗内侧间室骨性关节炎短期效果良好,中远期疗效需要进一步随访。     

人工膝关节置换治疗膝外翻畸形的疗效

目的探讨全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形的技术方法和临床效果。方法 2006年2月至2010年4月收治12例12膝外翻畸形患者,8例骨关节炎和4例类风湿性关节炎,应用人工全膝关节置换手术治疗。根据X线片比较术前和术后膝外翻角度,应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行临床效果评价。结果术后切口均一期愈合,无感染,无腓总神经麻痹发生;随访6~34个月,平均19个月;术前膝外翻角度13°~35°,平均(19.8±3.3)°,术后膝外翻角度4.9°~9.5°,平均(6.4±1.4)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前HSS评分为31~63分,平均(38.0±2.7)分,术后末次随访膝关节HSS评分为78~89分,平均(84.0±2.9)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工全膝关节置换是膝关节炎合并外翻畸形的有效治疗方法。